MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYI

CODE: CT 104

SESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS

NOVEMBER 2014

DURATION: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer Question I and any other 3 Questions. Each question

carries 25 marks. Graph paper and Data booklets required.
Question 1

a) Define the following terms

i. Analyte [1 Mark]
ii. Sample matrix [1 Mark]
iii. Replicate samples [1 Mark]
iv. Random error [1 Mark]
v. Systematic error [1 Mark]
b) A concentrated solution of aqueous ammonia is 28% w/w NH3 and has a density of
0.899 g/mL. What is the molar concentration of NH3 in this solution? [5 Marks]
c) Outline the properties of an ideal standard solution. [4 Marks]
d) What is the pNa for a solution of 1.76 x 10-3 M Na3PO4? [5 Marks]
e) Draw the conductometric titration curves for
i. Strong acid and strong base [3 Marks]
ii. Strong acid and weak base [3 Marks]
Comment on the shape of the curves.

Question 2

a) Distinguish between co-precipitation and post-precipitation. [5 Marks]

b) Write notes on the steps involved in gravimetric analysis. [5 Marks]
c) A solution contains an unknown of CaCl2. When an excess of Na2CO3 solution is
added to 50 mL of CaC12 solution, 6.213 g of a white precipitate of CaCO3 is formed.
What is the concentration or CaC12 solution? [10 Marks]

d) Describe the methods that can be used to establish the concentration of a solution.
[5 Marks]

Question 3

a) Consider the bull's eye to be the true value. Describe the trend of in terms of error,

accuracy and precision. [8 Marks]

 b) The end point in complexometric titrations can be detected by 2 methods. Briefly
describe the principle behind these detectors. [12 Marks]
c) How can filterability of precipitates be improved in gravirnetric analysis? [5 Marks]

Question 4

a) Outline the principle behind

i. Conductometric titration [6 Marks]
ii. Potentiometric titration [6 Marks]
iii. Acid-base titration [6 Marks]
b) What is the pH when 48 mL of 0.100M NaOH solution have been added to 50 mL of
0.100 M NCI solution? [7 Marks]

Question 5

a) Zinc metal reacts with dilute HNO3 in a single replacement reaction to give Zn(NO3)2
solution and H2 gas. What is the minimum volume of 0.200 mol/L HNO3 necessary to
completely react with 8.64 g of Zinc metal? [6 Marks]
b) What are the ideal properties of precipitating reagents? [6 Marks]
c) A student collects a series of 12 ground water samples from a well. She measures the
dissolved oxygen concentration and her observations in mg/L are

8.8; 3.1; 4.2; 6.2; 7.6; 3.6; 5.2; 8.6; 6.3; 1.8; 6.8 and 3.9.
 i. Calculate the mean [2 Marks]
ii. standard deviation [3 Marks]
iii. and the variance [1 Mark]
d) Sketch the titration curve for a weak acid and strong base using phenolphthalein as an
indicator. Highlight the region on the curve where the colour change is observed.
[7 Marks]

END OF EXAMINATION