1. We design an ultrasound transducer to operate 1.5 MHz and it has radius of 5mm.

Using the
derivations, estimate the fall of intensity of the ultrasound beam between distance of 10 and
15 cm along the axix of the beam. Express your answer in dB.
Solution :
We may assume that the radius of the transducer (a) is less than the distance along the axis
(r), then we can simplify the equation so it would become

K is the wafenumber equal to 2

Radius transduser (a) < (r)

So P(r,0) ∝sin ka2 / 4r

K = 2π/λ

V = 1500 m s−1

λ = 1 mm

At r =10 cm:

P10 = sin 2π103 ×25×10−6 / 4×10−1 = 0.383.

At r =15 cm:

P15 = sin 2π103 ×25×10−6 / 6×10−1 =0.259.

Reduksiintensitas =

20log P15 / P10 = − 3.4 dB

2. We are to use an ultrasound transducer of diameter 15 mm, operated at 1.5 MHz to

obtain a Doppler signal from the aortic arch. The intention is to use this to measure
cardiac output. If the distance between the probe and the blood vessel is 10 cm then
calculate the width of the ultrasound beam at the blood vessel. Would the beam
width be sufficient to completely insonate the cross-section of the blood vessel if the
diameter of the vessel is 16 mm?

Solution :
Ultrasound beam will diverge in the far field with a half angle given by sin−1(0.61λ/a)
where λ is the wavelength and a is the radius of the transducer.
In our case the wavelength is 1 mm if the velocity of sound is assumed to be 1500 m
s−1.
0,61 ×10−3
Therefore, the half angle of the beam is given by sin−1 ( 7,5 ×10−3 ) = 4,670
The far field starts at r = a2/λ =56 mm.
The beam width = 100 mm is given by 15+2(100− 56)tan(4.67◦) =22.2 mm

3. We are usually concerned with fightentering the eye. But what happens when sound
enters the eye? Calculate the reflection coefficient at each interfacebetwen the
air/cornea/aqueous humor/eye lens/vitreous humor. The speeds of sound in the
aqueous humor, eye lens(crystallline eye), and vitrous humor are 1.510,1.630,1.540
m/s, respectively. Assume that the density of each medium in the eye is 1 g/cm and
that the camera and eye lens have the same properties…?

Known
Z = v.ρ
Air : va = 330 m/s ; Za = 330 ρ
Aqueous humor : vh = 1,510 m/s ; Zh = 1510 ρ
Eye lens : vl = 1,630 m/s ; Zl = 1630 ρ
Vitreous humor : vv = 1,540 m/s ; Zv = 1540 ρ
ρ = 1 g/cm = 1000 kg/m
3 3

Answer:
(𝑍1 − 𝑍2 )2
𝐼=
(𝑍1 + 𝑍2 )2
Between air and aqueous humor : 0.41 = 41%
Between air and eye lens : 0.44 = 44%
Between air and vitreous humor : 0.59 = 59%
Between aqueous humor and eye lens : 0.0015 = 0.15%
Between aqueous humor and vitreous humor : 0.000097 = 0.0097%
Between eye lens and vitreous humor : 0.00081 = 0.081%

Wahyu Dermawan
081711733016
Teknik biomedis