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Contents
Course & Subject Profile :

1) Introduction Unit 01: Introduction to Culture

Unit 02: Culture & Industrialization
2) Lecture Topic
Unit 03: Controversy between
3) Cultural
preservation Preservation and Modernization
Unit 04: Architectural Conservation /
4) Modernizatio Restoration
n Unit 05: Conservation of the Cultural Property
5) Challenges Unit 06: Conservation of the Cultural Heritage
faced Unit 07: New Technologies (Change &
Flexibility)
6) Heritage
Unit 08: Language Analogy in Architecture
preservation
Unit 09: Symbolic Function of Architecture and
7) References Formation of Personal & Social Identities
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What is Culture
1) Introduction "Culture" refers to a group or community
2) Lecture Topic which shares common experiences that
3) Cultural shape the way its members understand
preservation the world.
4) Modernizatio It includes groups that we are born into,
n such as area / province, national origin,
gender, class, or religion. It can also
5) Challenges include a group we join or become part of.
faced
For example, it is possible to acquire a
6) Heritage new culture by moving to a new country or
preservation region, by a change in our economic
7) References status, or by becoming disabled.
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Significance of Culture
1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic Culture is a strong part of people's
3) Cultural lives. It influences their views, their
preservation values, their humor, their hopes, their
4) Modernizatio loyalties, and their worries and fears.
n So when you are working with people
5) Challenges and building relationships with them or
faced understanding them, it helps to have
6) Heritage some perspective and understanding of
preservation their cultures.
7) References
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Culture of Pakistan

1) Introduction The society and culture of

2) Lecture Topic Pakistan comprises numerous ethnic
groups: the Punjabis, Saraikis,
3) Cultural Pothwaris, Kashmiris, Sindhis in
preservation east, Makrani in the
south; Baloch, Hazaras and Pashtuns in
4) Modernizatio the west; and
n the Dards, Wakhi, Baltis, Shinaki and Buru
5) Challenges sho communities in the north. The culture
faced of these Pakistani ethnic groups have
been greatly influenced by many of its
6) Heritage neighbours, such as the other South
preservation Asians, Turkic peoples as well as the
peoples of Central Asia and West Asia.
7) References
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Culture of Pakistan
The region has formed a distinct unit within the
1) Introduction main geographical complex of South
Asia, West Asia the Middle East and Central
2) Lecture Topic
Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous
3) Cultural to the position of Afghanistan.
preservation There are differences among the ethnic
4) Modernizatio groups in cultural aspects such as dress, food,
n and religion, especially where pre-Islamic
customs differ from Islamic practices. Their
5) Challenges cultural origins also reveal influences from far
faced afield, including China, India and Afghanistan.
6) Heritage Pakistan was the first region of South Asia
to be fully impacted by Islam and has thus
preservation developed a distinct Islamic identity,
7) References historically different from areas further
east.
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Literature
1) Introduction
Pakistani literature originates from when
2) Lecture Topic
Pakistan gained its independence as a
3) Cultural sovereign state in 1947. The common and
preservation shared tradition of Urdu literature and English
4) Modernizatio literature of India was inherited by the new
n state.
5) Challenges
faced Over a period of time, a body of literature
6) Heritage unique to Pakistan emerged, written in nearly
preservation all major Pakistani languages,
including Urdu, English, Punjabi, Pashto, Serai
7) References ki, Baloch, and Sindhi.
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Poetry
1) Introduction Poetry is a highly respected art and profession
2) Lecture Topic in Pakistan. The pre-eminent form of poetry in
3) Cultural Pakistan almost always originates in Persian,
due in part to the long-standing affiliation and
preservation heavy admiration the region's rulers once had
4) Modernizatio for certain aspects of foreign Persian culture.
n The enthusiasm for poetry exists at a regional
5) Challenges level as well, with nearly all of Pakistan's
faced provincial languages continuing the legacy.
Since the independence of the country in 1947
6) Heritage and establishment of Urdu as the national
preservation language, poetry is written in that language as
7) References well.
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Poetry
1) Introduction
The Urdu language has a rich tradition of
2) Lecture Topic
poetry and includes the famous
3) Cultural poets Muhammad Iqbal (national poet), Mir
preservation Taqi Mir, Ghalib, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Ahmad
4) Modernizatio Faraz, Habib Jalib, Jazib Qureshi, and Ahmad
n Nadeem Qasmi.
5) Challenges
faced Apart from Urdu poetry, Pakistani poetry also
6) Heritage has blends of other regional languages.
preservation Balochi, Sindhi, Punjabi, Seraiki, and Pashto
poetry have all incorporated and influenced
7) References Pakistani poetry.
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Architecture

1) Introduction The architecture of the areas now constituting Pakistan

can be traced to four distinct periods: pre-
2) Lecture Topic Islamic, Islamic, colonial, and post-colonial.
3) Cultural
preservation With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the
middle of the 3rd millennium B.C., an advanced urban
4) Modernizatio culture developed for the first time in the region, with
n large structural facilities, some of which survive to this
day. Mohenjo Daro, Harappa and Kot Diji belong to the
5) Challenges pre-Islamic era settlements.
faced The rise of Buddhism, Guptas, Mouryas, and
the Persian and Greek influence led to the development
6) Heritage of the Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st
preservation century CE. The high point of this era was reached with
the culmination of the Gandhara style. An example of
7) References Buddhist architecture is the ruins of the Buddhist
monastery Takht-i-Bahi in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
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Architecture
1) Introduction The arrival of Islam in today's Pakistan
2) Lecture Topic introduced the classical Islamic construction
3) Cultural techniques into Pakistan's architectural
landscape. The town of Uch Sharif contains
preservation the tombs of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'is-Halim, and
4) Modernizatio Jalaluddin Bukhari, which are considered
n some of the earliest examples of Islamic
architecture in Pakistan and are on the
5) Challenges UNESCO Tentative World Heritage Site list
faced since 2004. One of the most important of the
6) Heritage few examples of the Persian style of
preservation architecture is the tomb of the Shah Rukn-i-
Alam in Multan.
7) References
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Architecture
1) Introduction
During the Mughal era, design elements of
2) Lecture Topic
Islamic-Persian architecture were fused with,
3) Cultural and often produced playful forms of, local art,
preservation resulting in the establishment of Mughal
4) Modernizatio Architecture. Lahore, occasional residence of
n Mughal rulers, exhibits a multiplicity of
5) Challenges important buildings from the empire, among
faced them the Badshahi mosque, the fortress of
Lahore with the famous Alamgiri Gate, the
6) Heritage colourful, still strongly Mughal-
preservation influenced Wazir Khan Mosque as well as
7) References numerous other mosques and mausoleums.
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Architecture
1) Introduction
In the British colonial age, the buildings
2) Lecture Topic
developed were predominantly of the Indo-
3) Cultural European style, with a mixture of European
preservation and Indian-Islamic components.
4) Modernizatio Post-colonial national identity is expressed in
n modern structures like the Faisal Mosque,
5) Challenges the Minar-e-Pakistan and the Mazar-e-Quaid.
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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Cultural Preservation

1) Introduction When discussing humanitarian efforts, you

might hear the phrase "cultural
2) Lecture Topic preservation." This term encompasses
3) Cultural several activities surrounding maintaining
ancient cultures from large nations all the
preservation way down to small indigenous tribes.
4) Modernizatio Cultural preservation include documenting
n and studying languages; preserving and
restoring historic relics significant to a
5) Challenges culture or heritage; and encouraging the
faced preservation and use of indigenous or
tribal languages and rituals.
6) Heritage Discussion of cultural preservation does not
preservation happen enough. The lack of awareness is
7) References causing languages and cultures to die out, a
notable loss for humans as a species.
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Travel & Cultural Preservation
1) Introduction We are living in a globalized society where
2) Lecture Topic traveling to foreign countries is seen as an
3) Cultural eye-opening experience. Moving abroad is
becoming more commonplace, as are
preservation intercultural marriages. When two people from
4) Modernizatio different cultures marry, often one culture
n becomes more dominant in the family and
threatens cultural preservation.
5) Challenges
faced It wasn’t always this way. Different groups of
people used to be isolated by rivers, jungles,
6) Heritage mountains, and oceans, and hardly interacted
preservation with one another. This changed in 1492, the
7) References year Columbus landed in the New World and
swung open the gates to global travel and
trade.
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Modernization & Cultural
Preservation
1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic Apart from those who travel to experience
3) Cultural culture, there are those who travel to foreign
preservation lands to make a change. This frequently
happens in third world countries.
4) Modernizatio
n
Travelers, particularly from developed nations,
5) Challenges see civilizations cut off from the rest of the
faced world, living in deserts, the bases of
6) Heritage mountains, or in the jungle. The overwhelming
preservation response is to help these people; they don't
have electricity, running water, basic
7) References healthcare.
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Modernization & Cultural
Preservation
1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural The western mindset takes over and thinks no
one can be happy without those essential
preservation
western amenities. The help typically comes in
4) Modernizatio the form of western goods and languages
n without much consideration for the cultural
5) Challenges preservation of each group's unique way of
faced life.
6) Heritage Developed nations are considered modern.
preservation What they often fail to see is that
modernization comes at a cost, namely the
7) References
loss of smaller languages, rituals, and cultural
preservation.
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Modernization & Cultural
Preservation
1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural As the modern world reaches into the
developing and undeveloped worlds, new
preservation
“escapes” become apparent to younger
4) Modernizatio members of the developing worlds.
n
5) Challenges Being able to adapt to the modern world is
faced seen as beneficial and a potential way to a
6) Heritage better life. This involves learning English in
preservation favor of one’s native language that’s dying out.
7) References
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Importance of Global Diversity
1) Introduction
The fundamental flaw in allowing these
2) Lecture Topic
languages and cultures to disappear is we’re
3) Cultural losing the unique perspectives of each
preservation culture. Every culture has its world view,
4) Modernizatio problem-solving processes, and take on
n religion. Cultural preservation is vital in
5) Challenges maintaining our human identities.
faced These individual perspectives are worth
preserving because, if we learn from them,
6) Heritage
they can help us solve our problems. By
preservation
putting ourselves in someone else's
7) References mindset, we learn how to empathize and
look at problems in new ways.
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Importance of Global Diversity
1) Introduction
The more we let these cultures die out and
2) Lecture Topic
ignore cultural preservation the more
3) Cultural monochromatic and less dynamic our world
preservation becomes. Our field of thought narrows
4) Modernizatio considerably when we don’t stop to consider
n the importance of cultural preservation.
5) Challenges
faced If we continue to homogenize culturally, we
6) Heritage lose the advantage of learning from different
preservation points of view. This limits our ability to solve
unique problems and could be detrimental in
7) References some cases.
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Pakistani Perspective

1) Introduction
Pakistan is endowed with a large number of
2) Lecture Topic ancient sites and historic structures. These historic
3) Cultural assets are our link with our past and, as the
preservation custodians, it is incumbent upon all Pakistanis to
stabilize and conserve them so that they could
4) Modernizatio survive for many centuries more.
n
5) Challenges In an age when globalization is all pervasive, it is
faced Pakistan’s ancient lineage that provides us with a
6) Heritage distinct identity. Lest we forget —since this seems
preservation to be our best kept secret from the outside world
— Pakistan is a treasure-house of ancient
7) References heritage, spanning over scores of centuries.
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Pakistani Perspective
1) Introduction
Pakistan is home to Mehargarh, Moenjodaro
2) Lecture Topic
and Harrappa —it is the land that beckoned
3) Cultural Alexander to sail down river Jhelum with
preservation purple flags fluttering; the spectacular
4) Modernizatio Gandharan civilization as the seat of
n Buddhism; the devotional carvings of the
5) Challenges Hindu Shahi temples of the Salt Range and
faced Tharparkar; the stately funerary clusters of
Makli,
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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Pakistani Perspective
1) Introduction
Multan and Ucch Sharif, a fusion of local
2) Lecture Topic
trabeated and imported arcuate,
3) Cultural representing successive Sultanate dynasties;
preservation the heart-expanding chahar-baghs and jewel-
4) Modernizatio like edifices of the greatest kingdom in the
n world, established by the young ruler of
5) Challenges Farghana; the Sikhs emulating the Great
faced Mughals, and the shared legacy of eclectic
architecture with its European overtones, a
6) Heritage bequest of the British who colonized this
preservation land.
7) References
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Pakistani Perspective
1) Introduction
It is not only the ancient sites and historic
2) Lecture Topic
monuments, but equally the historic urban
3) Cultural cores, stretched from the peaks of the Khyber
preservation in the farthest north to the southern-most edge
4) Modernizatio of the mighty river Indus — Peshawar, Multan,
n Thatta and Karachi, and scores of other living
5) Challenges cities with their historic environments, all
faced valuable in our search for, and understanding
of our cultural diversity.
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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Pakistani Perspective
1) Introduction There are the Walled Cities, a depository of
2) Lecture Topic irreplaceable architectural heritage, with their
3) Cultural organic morphology and the meandering
streetscapes, which need to be saved from
preservation destruction, and revitalized to continue to
4) Modernizatio endow our fast-growing urban centers with
n distinction, and historical flair.
5) Challenges These footsteps of history are a reflection of a
faced traditional value system, tempered over
centuries, but needing support to meet the
6) Heritage demands of contemporary life without losing
preservation their inherent radiance — the traditional
7) References lifestyles determined by, and themselves
determining the historic environments.
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Pakistani Perspective
1) Introduction
This is our heritage that we need to
2) Lecture Topic
safeguard as if family silver to be passed on
3) Cultural to future generations to maintain our
preservation distinctive identity.
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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Architectural Preservation
1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
Presentation
Contents Abstract
Historic building conservation is often
challenged by a number of issues in its
process. This paper reviews past studies
1) Introduction about challenges of heritage building
2) Lecture Topic conservation, then goes on to describe a small
3) Cultural pilot study carried out in Malaysia to measure
preservation the number of significant issues faced among
local conservators. A total of 46 issues were
4) Modernizatio
identified from literature and classified into five
n themes of technical, environmental,
5) Challenges organisational, financial and human issues.
faced Tentative findings showed that technical
6) Heritage issues such as limited availability of
preservation specialists, availability of original components,
7) References labour and skill shortages, and lack of
personnel training, were the biggest
challenges in conservation projects.
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
3) Cultural
preservation
4) Modernizatio
n
5) Challenges
faced
6) Heritage
preservation
7) References
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References are shown below:

1) Introduction
2) Lecture Topic
1. https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-
3) Cultural
contents/culture/cultural-
preservation
competence/culture-and-diversity/main
4) Modernizatio 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_P
n akistan
5) Challenges 3. https://www.daytranslations.com/blog/201
faced 7/09/cultural-preservation-9737/
6) Heritage 4. http://www.heritagefoundationpak.org/Pag
e/1309/introduction-pakistans-cultural-
preservation
heritage-type-of-tangible-heritage-
7) References archaeological-sites-historic-mon