IGNEAL ROCKS: GENERAL.

PLUTONIC AND HIPABISAL ROCKS

Earth structure.- On its surface there were elements such as iron and other heavy
elements were gathering in the center of the earth due to its high density compared to
other surrounding rocks. At the beginning there was no atmosphere, only gas formed by
carbon dioxide and water vapor. The surface was continuously cooling and the core
remained hot, gradually forming the layers of the earth that exists today.
Review of some main alkaline feldspar minerals
Alkaline feldspars are essential components of alkaline and acidic igneous rocks. Abundant in
sienites, granites, granodiorites, and their volcanic equivalents. They are also major components
of pegmatites and some gneisses.
In plutonic rocks,the alkaline feldspar is normally orthoclase or microcline (sometimes
micropertytic).
In volcanic rocks, sanidine and anortoclase predominate (both can be cryptopertitic). The adularia
is an almost pure potassium feldspar that appears in low temperature hydrothermal veins.
In metamorphic rocks, potassium feldspar is a characteristic mineral of high grade forming at the
expense of micas and quartz in clay sediments. • Alkaline feldspars may also appear as autigenic
minerals in sedimentary rocks, sometimes as growths of detritic feldspars.
Types of rock classification
Chemistry, Modal and Regulations.
Diagrams and classification tables of plutonic rocks, according to streckeisen (1966) and
others
Plutonic rocks are the product of the crystallization of magmas at considerable depths in the earth's
crust. They are rocks characterized by grainy textures, of medium-thick grain, and with a variable
mineralogy, which allows their detailed classification, when studied by petrographic microscopy.
The parameters used are:
. M:% of ferromagnesian minerals (Sumaolivino + pyroxene + amphibole + biotite)
• Q: Quartz content (%), recalculated at 100% with parameters A and P
• A: Content in alkaline feldspar (Sum albite + potassium feldspar) recalculated at 100% with
parameters Q and P (if the rock contains quartz) or F and P (if it contains feldspatoid)
• P: Plagioclase content, recalculated at 100% same as parameter A
• F: Feldsparid content recalculated at 100% same as parameter Q
• Rocks with M parameter equal to or greater than 90% are classified as ultramafic, and their
detailed classification is based on the olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene contents.
 TRAINING AND ALTERATION OF ROCKS, DEEPENING AND MEANS OF YOUR
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SOME IMPORTANT ROCK CLASSIFICATION TABLES

Huang W. Table for the m acroscopic determination of igneous rocks: the rocks are sorted
according to the natural occurrence in the field, that is, considering that plutonic rocks are deep,
while the volcanic rocks are shallow or on the su Earth's surface.
Of the main groups of igneous rocks according to their mineral composition and texture. The
coarse-grained rocks are plutonic and solidify deep below the surface. Fine-grained rocks are
volcanic or solidify as small plutons. Ultramaphic rocks are dark and dense, composed almost
entirely of minerals that contain iron and magnesium. Although relatively uncommon on the
earth's surface, these rocks are major constituents of the upper mantle.
Description of main igneous rocks:
Diorite
Igneous Type — Plutonic
Intermediate Texture, Thick
Igal Subalkaline Series
Diorite is a plutonic rock composed of two thirds of feldspars of the plagioclase group and one
third of dark minerals, usually hornblende, although they may also contain biotite and sometimes
pyroxene.
Granite
Igneous type - plutonic
Intermediate-thick texture
Igal Subalkaline series, alkaline
Color Gray, yellow, light red
Granite refers to rocks that, within the previous group, have a relationship between both kinds of
alkaline feldspars and plagioclase from 50% or more favorable towards alkaline feldspars.
Depending on this proportion, the granites are called:
alkaline feldspar granite, if more than 90% of all feldspar are alkaline
sienogranite, if the proportion is greater than 65% alkaline feldspars
monzogranite, up to an equal ratio between alkaline feldspars and plagioclase.
Tonalite
Igneous Type — Plutonic
Intermediate to coarse grain texture
Igal Subalkaline Series
Tonalite is a plutonic igneous rock composed of quartz and plagioclase, hornblende and biotite.
It also contains orthoclase but in smaller amounts. It was first described on Mount Adamello in
the Italian Alps and derives its name from the town of Tonale, near the site of its first description.
Plagioclase can make up more than half of the rock.
Kimberlite
Kimberlite is a type of volcanic, potassium igneous rock, known because it sometimes contains
diamonds. It is named after the city of Kimberley, South Africa.
Rhyolite
Igneous Type — Volcanic
Fine texture, glass
Igal alkaline, subalkaline series
Brown, gray, reddish color
The rhyolite is an extrusive igneous rock, felic volcanic, gray to reddish in color with a texture of
fine grains or sometimes glass and a chemical composition very similar to that of granite. The
rhyolite is considered the volcanic equivalent of granite, which is added to other evidence that
demonstrates that granite originates from magma, as does rhyolite, only at higher pressure.
FORMS THAT TAKE THE IGNEAL STRUCTURES DURING THEIR TRAINING

CHRONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF PLUTONIC ROCKS IN PERU