2. Tektonik Lempeng
(Plate Tectonics)
dan
Bentang Alam
(Landscape)
Before we get going, let’s review…
• Plate
• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Radioactive Decay
• Convection
“The story of Plate Tectonics is a fascinating story of
continents drifting majestically from place to place
breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against each other;
of terrestrial mountain ranges rising up like rumples in rugs
being pushed together; of oceans opening and closing and
undersea mountain chains girdling the planet like seams on
a baseball; of violent earthquakes and fiery volcanoes.
Plate Tectonics describes the intricate design of a complex,
living planet in a state of dynamic flux.”
A Combination of Two Ideas
• Continental Drift
• Sea-Floor Spreading
The Basics
• The Earth's surface is covered by a series
of hard crustal plates
• The ocean floors are continually, moving,
spreading from the center, sinking at the
edges, and being regenerated
The Basics, Part II
• Convection currents beneath the plates
move the crustal plates in different
directions – it’s like a conveyor belt, but a
little bit slower
• The source of heat driving the convection
currents is radioactive decay deep in the
Earth’s mantle
Plate Tectonic Environments
• Extensional
• Convergent (Compressional)
• Divergent (Transform)
ekstensional konvergen
transform
Pinatubo Kanaga
St. Helen
Krakatau Merapi
Perkembangan Tektonik Kepulauan Indonesia sejak 50 juta th.yl.
I. BENTANG ALAM PEGUNUNGAN LIPATAN
Bentuk muka bumi:
1. Punggungan Sinklin
2. Punggungan Antiklin
3. Punggungan Kuesta (kemiringan
dipslope/bidang lapisan batuan 10o – 15o)
4. Punggungan Homoklin (15 o – 45 o)
5. Punggungan Hogback (>= 45 o)
6. Lembah Sinklin
7. Lembah Antiklin
8. Lembah Homoklin
9. Kubah Antiklin
10.Kubah Intrusi Garam
11.Dataran Denudasional Struktur Lipatan
Catatan:
Punggungan L:P=1:3; Kubah L:P=2:3