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OBJECTIVES
1. To know the different types of waste and where they came from.
2. To know how waste affects the Environmental and Public Health.
3. To familiarize the Five Stages Hierarchy in managing commercial
and industry waste.
4. To be able to know and understand the Disposal System Technique
and their contribution to the public and environment.
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Overview
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Pages
Objectives -------------------------------- 2
Overview -------------------------------- 3
Discussion -------------------------------- 5-19
Technical Terms -------------------------------- 20
Review Questions -------------------------------- 21-23
Test Questions -------------------------------- 24-26
Answer Key -------------------------------- 27-28
Summary/Conclusion -------------------------------- 29
Final Rating -------------------------------- 30
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DISCUSSION:
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Types of Waste
1. Domestic Waste
waste that is generated as a result of the ordinary day-to-day use
of a domestic premise.
Domestic Waste/Household Waste includes ashes, food, paper, bottles,
tins, rags, hairs, cardboard, rubber. Household waste is generally
classified as municipal waste.
2. Commercial Waste
can be defined as any waste generated as a result of carrying out a
business, including associated lawn and garden clippings from
normal maintenance of the business premises. Commercial waste
also includes rubbish produced by your customers ie. food wrappers
and containers.
It includes waste papers, office stationary catering waste and
cartons
3. Industrial Waste
includes various waste materials produced by industries, some of
whichmay be toxic, offensive and dangerous. Some of the waste may
be salvageable andvaluable; for example, metal waste may be melted
down and ire-used.
4. Medical waste
It includes cottons pads, blood, pieces of organs, bones, pieces of
flesh, skins,syringes, plastics bottles.
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Generation and storage of waste
Door-to-door collection of waste is another method of segregation;
the rag picker plays a very important part in the segregation of waste. It is
now becoming more and more essential to look for methods by which the
garbage load on the land can be reduced. It has been seen that at present
segregation of waste at source level seems to be the best.
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Segregration of waste
Waste can be segregated as
1. Biodegradable and
2. Non-biodegradable
Biodegradable waste includes organic waste e.g. kitchen waste, vegetables,
fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden, and paper.
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Solid Waste Management is the process of controlling, treating, collecting,
and disposing of solid waste in any way possible, to ensure that the public
health is conserved.
DISPOSING OF INDUSTRIAL
AND COMMERCIAL WASTE
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WASTE HIERARCHY
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3. Preparing for Re-use: There are plenty of ways for businesses and
industries to prepare their unwanted waste for reuse. This could be
something as simple as using both sides of copying paper or cleaning
and repairing old equipment for reuse either within the company. In
bigger industries it could mean using quarry waste for road building
rather than sending to landfill as was previously the case.
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REQUIREMENT FOR DISPOSAL SYSTEM
OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING
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Planning
There may be more than one chute in a building and these
discharge into a refuse container, or an incinerator, inside specially
constructed chambers. Refuse chutes should be sited on well-ventilated
landings, balconies or adjacent to the kitchens and storage spaces. It
should not be sited in a kitchen. For sound insulation, any wall separating
a refuse chute away from a habitable room Washing down facilities may
be provided for the chute by means of a dry riser with jet heads fitted inside
the chute at each floor level.
Some authorities, “However, hold that bacteria breed more readily
in the presence of water and therefore washing down of chutes should be
avoided. Users should be advised to wrap the refuse to prevent soiling of
the chute. A chute can be arranged to discharge into two bins” by
bifurcating the end with a cut-off damper, operated by a caretaker when
one is filled. A special machine may also be used, which automatically
compresses the refuse into the bags. Ventilation The chute should be
ventilated by means of pipe. The ventilator should be of non- combustible
material.
Materials
Refuse chutes should be of non-combustible and acid-resistant
materials. Glazed stoneware, spun concrete or asbestos cement pipes may
be used. Hoppers should also be made of non-combustible materials not
subject to corrosion or abrasion. Hoppers are manufactured from cast
iron, wrought and cast aluminum and steel. Steel hoppers are galvanized,
and cast-iron hoppers painted.
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TYPES OF SYSTEM
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DISPOSAL SYSTEM TECHNIQUES
1) Garbage Disposal Installation
Having a home garbage disposal reduces landfill waste by
pulverizing food waste and washing it down the drain. The food waste does
not become liquid, but it is altered enough not to ruin sewer pipes. A
garbage disposal is a step in the right direction, but it solves less than half
of the problem. Plenty of waste gets thrown away even with a disposal. Not
only that, but the material that can be put down a garbage disposal would
be better used in a compost pile.
2) Composting
Taking all your organic food scraps, including coffee grounds and
egg shells (excluding meat, bones, skin and lard) and throwing it in layers
on a compost pile eventually breaks it down and becomes nutrient-rich
fertilizer. You must keep the amounts in proportion and add grass
clippings and other yard debris as well, but when done right you are
helping to complete the cycle of life. This is one of the best ways to dispose
of (food) waste.
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3) Recycling
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4) Incineration
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5) Landfills
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The Importance of Proper Waste Disposal
Proper waste disposal is critical due to the fact that certain types of
wastes can be hazardous and can contaminate the environment if not
handled properly. These types of waste also have the potential to cause
disease or get into water supplies. There are rules and regulations in place
for how specific types of waste should be disposed of. Following them
allows for toxic waste to be safely discarded without the risk of
environmental contamination.
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Technical Terms
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
Answer:
Domestic Waste/Household Waste includes ashes, food, paper,
bottles, tins, rags, hairs, cardboard,rubber. Household waste is
generally classified as municipal waste.
Commercial waste includes rubbish produced by your customers ie.
food wrappers and containers. It includes waste papers, office
stationary catering waste and cartons
Industrial Waste includes various waste materials produced by
industries, some of which may be toxic, offensive and dangerous.
Medical waste it includes cottons pads, blood, pieces of organs, bones,
pieces of flesh, skins,syringes, plastics bottles.
Answer:
Keep separate containers for dry and wet waste in the kitchen.
Keep two bags for dry waste collection-paper and plastic, for the rest
of the household waste.
Keep plastic from the kitchen clean and dry and drop into the dry waste
bin. Keep glass/plastic containers rinsed of food matter.
Keep a paper bag for throwing sanitary waste.
Answer:
Solid Waste Management is the process of controlling, treating,
collecting, and disposing of solid waste in any way possible, to ensure
that the public health is conserved.
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4. Does something classified as ‘waste’ mean it has to go into the
garbage bag or depot?
Answer:
No! Just because an item is considered waste does not mean it should
be disposed in your garbage bag or depot. Items such as electronics
and certain metals may not be recycled by our program, but they CAN
be recycled by other organizations.
Answer:
1) Garbage Disposal Installation
Having a home garbage disposal reduces landfill waste by pulverizing
food waste and washing it down the drain. The food waste does not
become liquid, but it is altered enough not to ruin sewer pipes.
2) Composting
Taking all your organic food scraps, including coffee grounds and egg
shells (excluding meat, bones, skin and lard) and throwing it in layers
on a compost pile eventually breaks it down and becomes nutrient-rich
fertilizer.
3) Recycling
Instead of simply throwing everything away in trash, get in the habit
of recycling what can be reused or remade. If everything that could be
recycled was recycled across the board, the aggregate trash amount
would be drastically reduced very year.
4) Incineration
While this method is mainly used at the industrial level, residential
incinerators are available to dispose of waste. There is the danger of
releasing toxins from certain materials, though, so be sure you know
the potential hazards. Rather than throwing everything away to go to
the landfill, take the time to consider other waste disposal methods. In
doing so, you’ll cut down on the amount of trash you make, and with
composting you may end up with something usable because of it.
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5) Landfills
This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack
of space available and the strong presence of methane and other
landfill gases, both of which can cause numerous contamination
problems. Landfills give rise to air and water pollution which severely
affects the environment and can prove fatal to the lives of humans and
animals. Many areas are reconsidering the use of landfills.
6.) What are the five stages of Hierarchy in managing commercial and
industry waste?
Answer:
Prevention
Minimisation
Preparing for Re-use
Recycling
Other Recovery
Disposal
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Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
CE ELECTIVE 1
SANITARY ENGINEERING
Name:______________________________________ Date:______________
Test I. Multiple choice. Encircle the letter with the correct answer.
1. It is the tangible animal and human garbage that are discarded and deemed
to be useless. This kind of waste comes from residential, commercial, and
industrial activities.
a. Solid waste c. Non-Biodegradable waste
b. Soiled waste d. Biodegradable waste
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4. Burning the wrong types of waste can release_______ into the atmosphere that
could be harmful to human and environment.
a. gases c. cells
b. particles d. liquids
Test II. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if not. Write your
answer on the space provided.
_________1. Proper waste disposal is critical due to the fact that certain types of
wastes can be hazardous and can contaminate the environment if not handled
properly.
_________2. Some of the waste may be salvageable and valuable; for example,
metal waste may be melted down and ire-used.
_________3.Solid Waste Management is a process of waste disposal focuses
attention on burying the waste in the land.
_________4. Commercial waste includes organic waste e.g kitchen waste,
vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden, and paper.
_________5. All wastes are toxic.
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5. _______________waste that is generated as a result of the ordinary day-to-day
use of a domestic premise.
6-7. Hazardous wastes that are not properly disposed of can leak and
contaminate soil and water, which can lead to issues and could harm both
the___________ and___________.
8. ____________ is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of
organic substances contained in waste materials.
9. ______________waste includes old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray
cans, fertilizers and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish.
10. The third stage of the waste hierarchy is _______________.
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ANSWER KEY:
1) a
2) d
3) c
4) a
5) b
1) TRUE
2) TRUE
3) FALSE
4) FALSE
5) FALSE
1) Commercial Waste
2) Composting
3) Disposal
4) Environmental Protection- Act 1990
5) Domestic Waste
6) Environment
7) Human Health
8) Incineration
9) Toxic Waste
10) Re-Use
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TEST III. ENUMERATION
Waste Hierarchy
6. Prevention
7. Minimisation
8. Preparing for Re-use
9. Recycling
10. Recovery
11. Disposal
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Summary:
Wastes are unwanted or unusable materials. Wastes has 4 types:
Domestic wastes - wastes that generated from our homes, Commercial
wastes that are generated from business premises, Industrial wastes, that
generated from industries and Medical waste that generated from
hospitals. The technique for the collection, treatment, and disposal of the
solid wastes of a community is Refuse Disposal System. The development
and operation of these systems is often called solid-waste management.
There are different Disposal system techniques, the Garbage
Disposal Installation it is a home garbage disposal reduces landfill waste by
pulverizing food waste and washing it down the drain. The food waste does
not become liquid, but it is altered enough not to ruin sewer pipes, the
Composting it is taking all your organic food scraps, including coffee
grounds and egg shells (excluding meat, bones, skin and lard) and
throwing it in layers on a compost pile eventually breaks it down and
becomes nutrient-rich fertilizer, the Recycling it is recycling what can be
reused or remade, the Incerination this method is mainly used at the
industrial level, residential incinerators are available to dispose of waste
and lastly, the Landfills this process of waste disposal focuses attention
on burying the waste in the land.
Proper disposal of wastes is important because if a hazardous waste
is not properly disposed of it can leak and contaminate soil and water,
which can lead to issues with both the environment and human health.
Conclusion
We conclude that we are able to know and understand the
importance of proper disposal of waste to ensure the safety in our
environment and for human health.
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FINAL RATING:
REPORTERS RATING:
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