I.

Objectives
1. Define Thermal energy
2. Explain the different factors affecting thermal energy
3. Analyze the modes of heat transfer
A. Content Standard
1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics and temperature measurement
2. Thermal expansion
3. Heat and heat capacity
4. Calorimetry
5. Mechanisms of heat transfer
B. Performance Standard

Solve multi-concept, rich context problems using concepts from rotational motion, fluids,

oscillations, gravity, and thermodynamics

C. Learning Competencies/ Code
Perform an experiment investigating factors affecting thermal energy transfer and analyze the

date – identifying deviations from theorical expectation when appropriate (such as thermal

expansions and modes of the heat transfer)

Code: STEM_GP12TH-IIg-54
II. Topic/Subject Matter
Temperature and heat
III. Learning Resources
 http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/webpage_data/nptel/Mechanical/Heat%20and%20Mass

%20Transfer/Conduction/Module%201/main/1.3.2.html
 https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/work-and-energy/work-and-energy-tutorial/a/what-is-

thermal-energy
IV. Procedure
A. Motivation
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR5bYxC4syI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Atnjo7dD_bA
B. Words to Founder
Thermodynamics- the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between

heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and,

by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.

C. Activities
Answer the following by just looking in the four pictures

1. _____________________

2. ________________________

3. __________________________

D. Generalization
Thermal energy is comes from a substance whose molecules and atoms vibrating faster

due to rise of temperature. Heat is the other term for thermal energy the whole system

flow of energy transfer is affect by temperature differences in which it depends on the

temperature of the object, Cross sectional area depends on the amount of heat conducted,

length affects by the distance of heat must travel and time depends on the amount of time

that passes and there are three modes of heat transfer Conduction refers to the heat
 transfer, Convection refers to the heat transfer occur between a surface and a moving

fluid and lastly the Radiation in which electromagnetic waves forms are usually the

medium .
E. Major Ideas
 Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its

temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy. A whole branch of

physics, thermodynamics, deals with how heat is transferred between different systems

and how work is done in the process (see the 1ˢᵗ law of thermodynamics).
 Factors affecting the thermal energy transfer:
1. Temperature difference. The greater the difference in temperature between the two

ends of the bar, the greater the rate of thermal energy transfer, so more heat is

transferred. The heat, Q, is proportional to the difference in temperature:

2. Cross-sectional area. A bar twice as wide conducts twice the amount of heat. In

general, the amount of heat conducted, Q, is proportional to the cross-sectional

area, A, like this:

3. Length (distance heat must travel). The longer the bar, the less heat that will

make it all the way through. Therefore, the conducted heat is inversely

proportional to the length of the bar, l:

4. Time. The amount of heat transferred, Q, depends on the

amount of time that passes, t — twice the time, twice the heat. Here’s how you

express this idea mathematically:

 Modes of Heat Transfer:

A. Conduction- Refers to the heat transfer that occurs across the medium. Medium can

be solid or fluid.
 B. Convection- Refers to the heat transfer that will occur between a surface and a

moving fluid when they are at different temperatures.

C. Radiation- In the absence of intervening medium, there is a heat transfer between two

surface at different temperatures in the form of electromagnetic waves.

V. Evaluation
1. What is Thermal Energy?
A. refers to the Heat contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
B. refers to the Energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
C. refers to the Electrical conduit contained within a system that is responsible for its

temperature.
D. refers to the Chemicals contained within a system that is responsible for its

temperature.
2. How Temperature difference affect the thermal energy transfer?
A. The lesser the difference in temperature between the two ends of the bar, the greater the

rate of thermal energy transfer.

B. The greater the difference in temperature between the two ends of the bar, the normal the

rate of thermal energy transfer

C. The lesser the difference in temperature between the two ends of the bar, the normal the

rate of thermal energy transfer,

D. The greater the difference in temperature between the two ends of the bar, the greater the

rate of thermal energy transfer,

3. How Length (Distance heat must travel) affect the thermal energy transfer?

a) The longer the bar, the less heat that will make it all the way through.

b) The shorter the bar, the less heat that will make it all the way through.

c) The longer the bar, the more heat that will make it all the way through.

d) The shorter the bar, theres no heat that will make it all the way through.

4. Why heat transfer occurs across the medium?

A. Because of conduction

B. Because of convection

C. Because of radiation

D. Because of Thermal energy

5. Why heat transfer between two surface at different temperatures in the form of electromagnetic

waves?
A. Because of conduction
B. Because of convection
C. Because of radiation
D. Because of Thermal energy
 Answers:

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. A

5. C

VI. Assignments
Bring Thermometer

Submitted By:

Clark John

Mones 12-

Curie