EVALUATION OF SCRAP STEEL

AS PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE TO
COARSE AGGREGATES OF
CONCRETE BLOCKS

Bufi R., De Castro J., Nuguid E., Rotoni M., Solomon K.

GROUP 9 of 12 – STEM 10.
 INTRODUCTION
-Concrete is commonly used for industrial applications
due to its low cost materials.

-The widespread use of concrete resulted to more

grounds of research involving its specifications:
durability, quality, compactness and optimization

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 Concrete Composition
-Typical concrete mix comprises of materials:
aggregate, cement, and water(Ibrahim, et. al, 2015)

-Aggregates are classified into two types: Fine

aggregate and Coarse aggregate

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 THE PROBLEM
- The “Shake Table Experiment” showed that typical non-engineered
houses failed at lower intensity compared to Japanese concrete
masonry units (Imai, et.al, 2012).

- When scrap steel is put to waste, they oftentimes end up in landfills

and contaminates groundwater and soil (Rahman, Ali &
Azeemuddin, 2017).

- Concrete fails in brittle manner when induced to tension and

flexure forces.(Neeraja, et.al, 2017)

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 Properties and Uses of Steel
- Steel contains fibrous materials applied for industrial
purpose(Rahman, Ali & Azeemuddin, 2017).
- Technological developments show that adding steel fiber can
strengthen concrete (Rahman & Azeemuddin, 2017).
- Steel scrap can be added to the mixture of concrete in order to
reduce its brittleness (Neeraja, Arshad, Nadaf & Reddy, 2017).
- Applications of steel in concrete involve steel rebars that are
currently used in Reinforced concrete which heightened its tensile
strength.(Swamy, 2004)

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 Significant Properties of Concrete
Thermal Properties
Deformation
Physiochemical
Mechanical
Concrete blocks are evaluated through its
mechanical properties namely; stress, water-cement
ratio, aggregate and curing conditions(Kodur, 2014).
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Methodology

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- PVC moulds were used
to hold the concrete
specimens in shape.
Cylindrical concrete
samples was at uniform
4 in. diameter and 8 in.
height , prescribed by
ASTM C-39(Standards on
Concrete Cylinders
Testing).

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Testing Procedures

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 Compressive Strength

- Set-up B, consisting of 10% steel scrap aggregate,

attained a higher average compressive strength than
Set-up C with 40% steel scrap.

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 Split Tensile Strength

- the performance of sample units with respect to

longer curing days improved the concrete performance
by 28.09%.

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 Conclusion
Compressive strength of concrete decreased as
the scrap steel percentage increase.

The splitting-tensile strength of the concrete

samples escalated as the amount of scrap steel and
the length of curing days increase.

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 Recommendation
The researchers recommend testing on smaller
percentages of scrap steel when utilizing it as a
substitute for coarse aggregates.
Further researches about the chemical
interaction between varying types of steel and cement
are suggested.

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 References
Naguit, M.E. & Cummins, P.R., (2015), Earthquake Performance of Structures in
Bohol: A Post-event Assessment of the M7.2 October 2013 Bohol Philippines
Earthquake. Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Chap.3.2-4, p.6-8
Neeraja, D., Arshad, S.M., Nadaf, A.K.N. & Reddy, M.K. (2017). Evaluation of
workability and strength of green concrete using waste steel scrap. IOP
Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 263(2017), 032013.
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032013
Anyanwu, C.I. (2013). Quality Control Concepts in the Manufacture of Masonry Blocks
for Building Project Delivery. IOSR Journal of Business and
Management (IOSR-JBM) Volume 14(1), pp. 35-40. e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN:
2319-7668.

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 THANK YOU
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