Proposal for Air Pollution Control

1. Construction Phase:

The potential sources of air emissions during construction phase of the proposed civil
enclave will be as follows:

• Dust from earth works (during site preparation & excavation),

• Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines for
compaction.
• Fugitive emissions from vehicles running to the construction site.
• Fugitive emissions during the unloading of cement bags.
• Fugitive emissions during mixing of cement with other building materials.
• Emission for DG sets to be used temporarily during construction phase.
• Air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons.

The pollutants of concerns are NO2, SO2, CO, un-burnt hydrocarbons and particulate
matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The impact of construction activity on ambient air quality is a
cause for concern mainly in the dry months due to settling of dust particles. The main
sources of dust emissions during the construction period will be the movement of
equipment at the site and dust emitted during the levelling, grading, earthworks, and
other construction related activities. The dust emitted during the above mentioned
activities will depend upon the type of soil being excavated and the humidity levels. The
impact is likely to be for short duration and confined to vicinity of the construction site.
The composition of dust in this kind of operation is however mostly coarse particles,
inorganic and non-toxic in nature and these are not expected to travel long distance
before settling. Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the
construction phase also result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NO2, unburnt
hydrocarbons and particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5). The impact will, however, be
reversible, marginal, and temporary in nature.

The impact of construction activities on ambient air would be temporary and restricted to the
construction phase. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to
be negligible outside the project boundaries. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles,
sprinkling of water at construction site, etc. are some of the proposed measures that would
greatly reduce the impact on the air quality during the construction phase of the proposed civil
enclave. During the excavation, earth, unloading of cement bags and mixing of cement with
other building materials, fugitive dust emissions may be emitted at the construction site. It may
be noted that these emissions would be in the form of coarse particulate matter and will be
settled down ultimately in the closed vicinity of the construction site. Emissions from the DG
sets may cause localized impact on ambient air quality for short duration as these will be
operated during grid power failure. DG sets will be operated only in case of grid power failure.
Adequate height of stacks will be provided to the DG sets as per guidelines of CPCB to facilitate
the dispersion of flue gases in the atmosphere. As construction activities will be mainly confined
to the project site only for a short duration, hence the impact on the ambient air quality during
construction phase is rated as given below.

Mitigation Measures:

• Dust suppression systems (water spray) will be used as per requirement at the
construction site.
• Construction materials and earth will be fully covered during transportation to the
construction site by road.
• Standard prescribed by the CPCB/ UPPCB for stack height and emissions from DG sets
will be complied with.
• Preventive maintenance will be carried out for vehicles and pollution check will be
mandatory on periodic basis all the vehicles approaching to the construction site.
• Earth moving equipment, typically a bulldozer with a grader blade and ripper, will be
used for excavation work.
• Monitoring of ambient air quality/source emission will be carried out as per details
given in Chapter 6 or as stipulated by the MoEF&CC/ UPPCB.

2. Operational Phase:

During the operational phase of the proposed civil enclave, the intermittent air emissions will be
generated from aircraft engines during approach, landing, taxiing, take-off and initial climb,
which is termed as reference Landing and Take-off Cycle (LTO cycle).

The air pollutants of concern from the aircraft emissions are un-burnt Sulphur Dioxide,
Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) as per ICAO guidelines.
For power back up at the proposed Civil Enclave at Allahabad, 2 DG sets of 150 kVA capacities
each will be available, which will be sufficient during operation of proposed terminal building
and other associated facilities.

Exhaust emissions comprising NO2, SO2 and particulate matter in small quantity will be
generated from the operation of DG sets, which will be operated only to meet the power
requirement during grid power failure.

Vehicular emissions will also be generated at the proposed Civil Enclave at Allahabad from the
operation of vehicular traffic as ground support vehicles, passenger pickup and dropping
vehicles. These vehicles will be mainly diesel and petrol driven and are source of mainly CO, HC
and NO2 emissions.

For prediction of anticipated impact of emissions from the proposed Civil Enclave at Allahabad,
estimation of emissions load from Aircraft LTO, DG sets and vehicles is essential. The emissions
load estimation from various emission sources has been carried out in following subsection:

Aircraft Emissions

Airport Air Quality Manual 2011 of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has been
referred for the aircraft emissions, which states emissions for various types of aircraft based on
one LTO cycle for SO2, NOx, CO and HC pollutants. The referred emission rates for one LTO have
been converted to g/sec based on the duration of one LTO cycle in seconds. As per International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), time and thrust setting for Reference LTO Cycle is 32.9
minutes (1974 seconds). During peak hour, it is considered that there will be total 2 LTO (2 LTO
for each Aircraft) the proposed Civil Enclave at Allahabad, which includes all types of aircraft. For
aircraft emissions estimation purpose, LTO cycle emissions from A 320 types of aircraft have
been considered.

Emissions from the Operation of DG Sets

Two DG sets of 150 kVA capacity each will be installed at the proposed Civil Enclave to meet the
power requirement during grid power failure. Approx 24 litres/per hour HSD will be consumed
by one DG set. The exhaust emissions comprising mainly NO2 and SO2 will be generated from
the operation of DG sets to be operated in the event of grid power supply failure. Intermittently
particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons will be emitted
during operation of DG sets. Exhaust emissions from DG sets will be intermittent source of
emissions as DG sets will be operated only during grid power failure. Stack height of each DG set
will be as per the CPCB standard.

Emissions from Vehicular Movement

Vehicular emissions will also be generated from the operation of ground support vehicles within
airport and vehicular traffic for pickup and dropping of passengers the proposed Civil Enclave at
Allahabad. These vehicles are mainly diesel and petrol driven and emit mainly CO, HC and NO2.
The peak hourly vehicular movement 200 vehicles (including the ground service vehicles, two
wheelers, buses and light duty vehicles mainly cars and light carriage vehicles). The emissions
from the diesel and petrol driven vehicles have been calculated based on the CPCB emissions
standards for Bharat Stage –III/IV.

Mitigation Measures

• Compliance of all standards prescribed by the ICAO during operation of aircraft by

preventive maintenance and monitoring.
• Stack heights of DG sets will be 10 m from ground level
• Proper traffic management plan will be prepared to ensue that there is no traffic
congestion at in front of proposed terminal building. It will help in reduction of vehicular
emissions from the airport.
• Ground vehicles at the proposed civil enclave will be maintained and have a “Pollution
Under Control” certificate.
• Development of greenery and landscaping at the airport for improving ambient air
quality.
• Monitoring of ambient air quality/ source emissions will be carried out as per
monitoring plan.