Folk Literature

 Special kind of language

 Orally transmitted and passed down from generation to generation

Characteristics

1. Orally transmitted / by mouth

2. Has no fixed form
3. Express the early Filipino daily activities
 Food gathering
 Domestic chores
 Child - Rearing
 Experience in forests and seas
 Creatures and objects of nature

Divisions of Folk Literature

1. Poetry

 Riddles – are brief verses, often puzzling questions

 Proverbs – are wise sayings
 Folk Songs – a song that originates in traditional popular culture or that is
written in such a style.
2. Narratives
 Legends – truthful accounts of happenings, but are said to have happened
at a time that is less remote ; Origins ( Humans )
 Myths – sacred stories of happenings in the remote past ; Origins ( Gods )
 Epics - Long narrative poems
 Folk tales – are regarded as fiction and are often intended to amuse the
listeners
 Fables - animals that act like humans

Oral / Spoken Language

 spontaneous and transient

  used for interactions
 incomplete sentences, repetitions, interruptions, and corrections.
 a process that involves speaking and listening
 Communicate to
 Give orders
 Share ideas
 Exchange information

Written Language

 The language that we use when we write

 involves reading and writing skills
 Communication through written words like
 Email
 Text Message
 Cards, Letters
 Often take more time to compose because of their information packed
nature
 Writing is usually permanent and written texts cannot usually be
changed once they have been printed out.

Similarities

1. They serve the same purpose

2. They undergo the same changes
 When a new term is introduced, it starts being used verbally. Becoming
a part of spoken language and then becomes introduced in its written
form.
3. There's a strict correlation between them. Exact rules govern how you
should write down something that was spoken.

Differences

1. Written Language
 More complex
  Repeated and closely analyzed
 Can make use of
 Punctuation
 Headings
 Layouts
 Colors
 More organized, planned, detailed, and contains precise vocabulary
regardless of audience
2. Spoken / Oral Language
 Full of repetition, incomplete statements, corrections, and interruptions.
 Unplanned, less structured / interactive
 Transient
 Makes use of
 Timing
 Tone
 Stress
 Volume
 Timber
 Rhythm
 Gestures
 Body Language
 Makes use of familiar words, colloquial words, and contractions to
create a lively tone and ensure audience participation

Figures of Speech

1. Simile - comparison of an object to another object.

2. Alliteration - the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning
of adjacent or closely connected words.
3. Apostrophe - speaking to a non - leaving object/thing.
4. Allusion - makes a reference to people, places, events, etc.
5. Metaphor - a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an
object or action to which it is not literally applicable
6. Hyperbole - exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken
literally
7. Onomatopoeia - the formation of a word from a sound associated with
what is named
8. Oxymoron - a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms
appear in conjunction
9. Personification - the attribution of a personal nature or human
characteristics to something nonhuman
10. Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the
whole or vice versa
11. Assonance - the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in non
rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be
discernible
12. Metonymy - the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for
that of the thing meant
13. Irony - the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally
signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect
14. Litotes - ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the
negative of its contrary
15. Euphemism - a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one
considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something
unpleasant or embarrassing.