Med Surg III Medication Database

Generic and Trade Why prescribed for Classification of Action of Most common side Nursing
Names of this client? medication medication effects of this prevention/interventions
Medication medication for this medication

acetylsalicylic acid Reduce the risk of MI NSAIDs Thought to produce Cerebral edema, During prolonged therapy
81 mg analgesia and exert Coma, Seizures, monitor Hematocrit, Hb level,
Anti-platelet Salicylates its anti-inflammatory subdural, or PT, INR, and renal function
(Aspirin) effect by inhibiting Intracranial periodically.
prostaglandin and hemorrhage,
other substances that Arrhythmias, GI Drug irreversibly inhibits
sensitize pain Bleeding, platelet aggregation. Stop
receptors. Drug may Pancreatitis, drug 5 to 7 days before
relieve fever through Antepartum and surgery to allow time for
central action in the postpartum bleeding, production and release of
hypothalamic heat- Leukopenia, new platelets.
regulating center. In Thrombocytopenia,
low doses, drug also DIC, Hepatitis, No Children under 19 years.
appears to interfere Hyperkalemia,
with clotting by Metabolic acidosis,
keeping a platelet- Angioedema, Reye Monitor LFT.
aggregating Syndrome.
substance from Monitor Hct, Hb, PT and
forming. INR.

Albumin is normally
albumin 25% IV Acute nephrosis Plasma Volume present in the blood Bradycardia, heart Monitor for hepatic or renal
12.5 gm/50 mL Expanders and constitutes 50— failure, pulmonary failure.
60% of the plasma edema,
Hypovolemia
proteins and 80— bronchospasm,
(Albuked-25) Blood derivatives
85% of the oncotic angioedema,
pressure. hypervolemia.
Exogenously
administered albumin
increases the oncotic
pressure of the
intravascular system,
pulling fluids from the
interstitial space,
thereby decreasing
edema and increasing
the circulating blood
volume. This increase
in volume reduces the
concentration and
viscosity of blood in
 patients with
decreased circulating
blood volume and
also maintains
cardiac output in
shock. In dehydrated
patients, albumin has
little or no clinical
effect on circulating
blood volume.
Albumin is also used
to replace protein in
patients with
hypoproteinemia until
the cause of the
deficiency can be
determined.

allopurinol 100 mg Hyperuricemia Antigout drugs Reduces uric acid Renal failure. Monitor Uric acid levels.
production by
(Zyloprim) Gout or Kidney Xanthine oxidase inhibiting xanthine Therapeutic effect take 2 to
Stones prevention oxidase. 6 weeks.

Uric acid neuropathy

prevention

alprazolam Anxiety Benzodiazepines Unknown. Probably Overdose S&S Give smallest effective dose
0.25 mg (1 Tab) (Anxiolytic) potentiates the effects precautions: to prevent ataxia or
of GABA, depresses Somnolence, oversedation, especially in
(Xanex) the CNS, and confusion, impaired the elderly or debilitated
suppresses the coordination, patients.
spread of seizure diminished reflexes,
activity. coma.

alteplase TPA – Tissue Thrombolytics Converts Cerebral hemorrhage, ICU

50 mg Plasminogen plasminogen to Arrhythmias,
Activator Enzymes plasmin by directly Cholesterol Monitor for bleeding.
(Activase – TPA) cleaving peptide embolization,
Acute MI or PE bonds at two sites, Venous thrombosis, Strict bedrest.
causing fibrinolysis. Bleeding,
Anaphylaxis, Sepsis
Avoid invasive procedures.
 Monitor ECG for
arrhythmias.

amiodarone HCl Ventricular fibrillation Antiarrhythmics Effects result from Bradycardia, Teach to wear protective
200 mg blockade of Asystole, sunscreen.
potassium chloride, Arrhythmias, HF,
(Cardarone) leading to a Heart Block, Sinus Monitor for neuro changes –
prolongation of action Arrest, Coagulation numbness, tingling,
potential duration. abnormalities, coordination issues.
Hepatic failure,
ARDS, Severe
pulmonary toxicity,
Pulmonary edema,
Eosinophilic
pneumonitis.

amlodipine besylate Hypertension Antihypertensive Inhibits calcium ion Pulmonary edema. Hold if Systolic BP <140.
10 mg TAB influx across cardiac
Calcium Channel and smooth muscle Monitor patent carefully.
(Norvasc) Blockers cells, dilates coronary Some patients, especially
arteries and arterioles those with severe obstructive
and decreases BP CAD, have developed
and myocardial increased frequency,
oxygen demand. duration, or severity of
angina or acute MI after
initiation of Calcium channel
blocker therapy or at time of
dosage increase.

Apixaban 2.5 mg Tab Reduction of stroke Anticoagulants Selectively inhibits Major bleeding. May crush and suspend in
and systemic factor Xa, decreasing water, juice, apple sauce.
(Eliquis) embolism in patients thrombin generation
with non-valvular and thrombus Monitor patient for bleeding.
atrial fibrillation development.
Monitor patient for
DVT Prophylaxis neurologic impairment
(weakness in lower limbs,
sensory or motor deficits).

Tell patient bruising or

 bleeding may occur more
easily.

Vitamin K and protamine

sulfate have no effect on
apixaban.

atorvastatin calcium Reduce the risk of MI, HMG – CoA Inhibits HMG-CoA rhabdomyolysis Patient should avoid alcohol.
40 mg Strokes, angina, HF, Reductase Inhibitors reductase, an early
and CAD (and rate limiting) Before treatment assess for
(Lipator) step in cholesterol underlying causes for
biosynthesis. hypercholesterolemia and
obtain a baseline lipid profile.

Watch for signs of myositis

and myopathy (unexplained
muscle pain, tenderness,
weakness, malaise, dark
urine, fever).

atropine sulfate 1% Pulmonary Mydriatics Inhibits acetylcholine Bradycardia, Watch for tachycardia in
Opth Drops Q15 Congestion at parasympathetic Anaphylaxis. cardiac patients because it
neuroeffector junction may lead to ventricular
(Atropisol 1%) Bradycardia blocking vagal effects fibrillation.
on SA and AV nodes,
enhancing conduction
through AV node and
increasing HR.

Antihypertensive AV Block Severe anaphylactic shock -

carveilol 6.25 mg Afib - Non Selective Beta Bradycardia Stop Drug
antihypertensive Alpha Nonselctive Blocker with Alpha Thrombocytopena Mild hepatocellular
Beta Blocker Blocking activity. Hyperkalemia injury/jaundice - Stop Drug
(Coreg)
Hypoglycemia Lung Observe for dizziness
Edema Monitor elderly patients.
AV Block, Severe anaphylactic shock -
carvedilol Afib - Antihypertensive Non selective Beta Bradycardia, Stop Drug.
3.125 mg PO antihypertensive Alpha Nonselective Blocker with Alpha Thrombocytopena, Hold for Systolic BP <90 or
Beta Blocker Blocking activity. Hyperkalemia, HR <50.
Hypoglycemia, Lung Observe for dizziness.
(Coreg)
edema. Monitor elderly patients.
ceftriaxone D5 W Pneumonia Antibiotics Inhibits cell wall Pseudomembranous Monitor PT and INR in
Premix 1000 mg synthesis, promoting colitis, leukopenia, patients with impaired
osmotic instability; anaphylaxis. Vitamin K synthesis or low
(Rocephin) usually bactericidal. Vitamin K stores. Vitamin K
may be needed.

clonidine patch Essential and Renal Antihypertensives Thought to stimulate Bradycardia, severe Monitor BP and pulse
0.3 mg hypertension alpha2 receptors and rebound frequently.
Centrally acting alpha inhibit the central hypertension.
agonists vasomotor centers,
(Catapres – TTS) decreasing
sympathetic outflow
to the heart, kidneys
Every 7 days and peripheral
vasculature, and
lowering peripheral
vascular resistance,
BP and HR.

clopidogrel bisulfate To reduce thrombotic Antiplatelet Inhibits the binding of Hemorrhage, Discontinue drug 5 days
75 mg events adenosine thrombotic before surgery, including
diphosphate (ADP) to thrombocytopenic elective CABG.
(Plavix) its platelet receptor, purpura,
impeding ADP – bronchospasm, May decrease platelet count.
mediated activation erythema multiforme,
and subsequent Stevens Johnsons
platelet aggregation Syndrome, toxic
and irreversibly epidermal necrolysis,
modifies the platelet angioedema
ADP receptor.

dabigatran etexilate Reduce risk of stroke Anticoagulants Inhibits thrombin Gastric hemorrhage, Administer antiemetics prior
mesylate 75 mg and systemic formation, preventing GI bleeding, Life to prevent nausea and
embolism in patients Direct Thrombin development of a threatening bleeding, vomiting.
(Pradaxa) with non-valvular Afib. Inhibitors thrombus. Hematopoietic
depression toxicity, Monitor for signs of infection
Hairloss (reversable) and bleeding.
 DVT and PE Avoid sunlight, pregnancy
prophylaxis and and breastfeeding while
treatment taking the drug.

digoxin Amp Heart Failure, Rapid Cardio Agents Inhibits sodium- Arrhythmias, Heart Check Apical-Radial Pulse
125 mg Digitalization potassium-activated Block. for 1 minute before
adenosine administration.
(Lanoxin Amp) triphosphatase,
promoting movement Drug induced arrhythmias
of calcium from may increase the severity of
extracellular to HF and hypotension.
intracellular
cytoplasm and
strengthening
myocardial
contraction. Also acts
on CNS to enhance
vagal tone, slowing
conduction through
the SA and AV nodes.

diltiazem Hcl 60 mg Angina Pectoris Calcium Channel Inhibits calcium ion Arrhythmias, AV Monitor BP and HR when
Blocker influx across cardiac Block, Bradycardia, starting therapy and during
(Cardizem) and smooth muscle HF, acute hepatic dosage adjustments.
cells, decreasing injury.
myocardial Maximal hypertensive effect
contractility and might be seen for 14 days.
oxygen demand.
If systolic BP is <60 bpm,
withhold dose & notify Dr.

enoxaparin 40 mg DVT prevention Anticoagulants Thrombocytopenia. Administer Subut 2 inches

Accelerates formation Hemorrhage. from umbilical. Rotate sites.
(Lovenox) of antithrombin III – Angioedema. Do not masage site after
thrombin compelx and Anaphylaxis. administration.
deactivates thromin, Monitor site for bleeding.
proventing conversion
of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Drug has a higher
antifactor – Xa – to
antifactor – IIa activity
 ratio than heparin.

furosemide 20mg Tab Acute pulomonary Antihypertensive Pancreatitis,

edema Inhibits sodium and Arganulocytosis, *Do not crush. Use glove
(Lasix) 0900 Loop Diuretics chloride reabsorption Aplastic anemia, to administer.
Hypertension at the proximal and Leukopenia,
distal tubules and the Thromocytopenia, Monitor weight, BP and
ascending Loop of Hypokalemia, pulse rate routinely with
Henle. Hypocalemia, long-term use.
Hypomagmanesia, Drug is a potent diuretic and
Toxic epidermal can cause severe diuresis
necrolysis, Stevens- with water and electrolyte
Johnson syndrome, depletion. Monitor patient
Erythhema multiforme closely and adjust dose
carefully.
Monitor fluid intake and
output and electrolyte, BUN
and carbon dioxide levels
frequently.

Montior gluscose level in

diabetic patients.Montiro uric
acid level in patients with
gout.

Hemorrahage, Overly Regularly inspect the patient

heparin sodium, Thromboprophylaxis Anticoagulatants Accelerates formation Prolonged Clotting for bleeding gums, bruises
porcine 5,000 units of antithrombin III- Time, on arms or legs, petechaiae,
Subcut thrombin complex and Thrombocytopenia, nosebleeds, melena, tarry
Therapy for DVT
deactivates thrombin, White Clot Syndrome, stools, hematuria, and
preventing conversion Hyperkalemia, hematemasis.
(Heparin Sodium,
of fibrinogen to fibrin. Anaphylactoid
porcine)
reactions. Pregnancy – permitted for
anticoagulation.

Avoid benzyl alcohol in

neonates and pregnant
women if possible.

hydralazine HCL Vial Essential Antihypertensives Unknown. A direct- Neutropenia, Monitor patient’s BP, Pulse
10 mg IV Hypertension acting peripheral Leukopenia, rate and body weight
vasodilator that Agranulocytosis, frequently. Drug may be
(Apresoline Vial) Peripheral dilators relaxes arteriolar Thrombocytopenia given with diuretics and beta
smooth muscle. with or without blockers to decrease sodium
purpura retention and tachycardia
and to prevent angina
attacks.

hydrochlorotiazide Hypertension Thiazide Diuretics Increases sodium and Pancreatitis, renal Monitor fluid intake and
25 mg Tab water excretion by failure, hypokalemia, output, weight, BP, and
inhibiting sodium and respiratory distress, electrolyte levels, correct
(Oretic) chloride reabsorption erythema multiforme, electrolyte disturbances
in distal segment of anaphylactic before start of therapy.
the nephron. reactions.
Watch for signs of
hypokalemia, such as
muscle weakness and
cramps.

Drug may be used with

potassium sparing diuretic to
prevent potassium loss.

insulin aspart Glycemic control Antidiabetics Lowers blood glucose Hypoglycemia, Blood Sugar Test before
level by stimulating hypokalemia, allergic administration.
(Novolog) Fix Pen Fast Acting peripheral glucose reactions,
uptake by binding to anaphylaxis Inhalation insulin perform a
insulin receptors on detailed medical history, and
Use sliding scale
skeletal muscle and in spirometry (forced expiratory
fat cells, and by volume in 1 second FEV1) to
inhibiting hepatic identify potential lung
glucose production, disease in all patients.
also inhibits lipolysis
and proteolysis, and Monitor patients taking other
enhances protein medications with insulin
synthesis. more closely because other
drugs can mask signs and
symptoms of hypoglycemia
or cause an increase or
decrease in blood glucose
level.
insulin detemir Glycemic control Antidiabetics Lowers blood glucose Hypoglycemia Do not mix with other
level by stimulating insulin.
(Levemir) syringe Type 1 and Type 2 Long Acting peripheral glucose
diabetes. uptake by binding to Monitor patients taking other
insulin receptors on medications with insulin
skeletal muscle and in more closely because other
fat cells, and by drugs can mask signs and
inhibiting hepatic symptoms of hypoglycemia
glucose production, or cause an increase or
also inhibits lipolysis decrease in blood glucose
and proteolysis, and level.
enhances protein
synthesis. No IV administration.

isosorbide Angina Antianginals Thought to reduce Headache. Time Release. Do not

mononitrate 30 mg cardiac oxygen crush.
Nitrates demand by
decreasing preload Monitor HR and BP.
and afterload. Drug
also may increase
(Imdur)
blood flow through the
collateral coronary
vessels.

levetiracetam Seizures Anticonvulsants May act inhibiting Leukopenia, Oral – Swallow Whole. Do
potassium 500 mg simultaneous neutropenia. not crush, brake or chew.
neuronal firing that
(Keppra) leads to seizure Monitor client for S&S of
activity. somnolence and fatigue.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac 1 Hour Prior to Breakfast.

levothyroxine sodium Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone Not completely Arrest, Heart Failure, Hyperthroidism, confusion,
75 mcg PO replacement defined. Stimulates MI. disorientation, cerebral
metabolism of all embolism, shock, coma,
body tissues by seizures.
(Synthroid)
accelerating rate of
cellular oxidation. Diabetes Mellitus include
antidiabetic dose.
 Elderly patients - angina
pectoris, hypertension, CV
disorders, Renal
insufficiency, Ischemia.

lisinopril 20 mg Hypertension Angiotensin- Causes decreased Potassium containing When using drug in acute
Converting Enzyme production of salt substitutes may MI, give patient the
(Zestril) (ACE) angiotensin II and cause hyperkalemia. appropriate and standard
suppression of the Monitor laboratory recommended treatment,
RAAS. values. such as thrombolytics,
aspirin, and beta blockers.
May increase BUN,
creatinine, potassium,
and bilirubin levels.
May increase LFT
levels.

lorazepam vial Restlessness Anxiolytics May potentiate the Drowsiness, sedation, Keep emergency
2 mg IV Agitation Benzodiazepines effects of GABA, amnesia, resuscitation equipment
depress the CNS, and hypotension, and oxygen available.
(Ativan) Initiate Alcohol suppress the spread abdominal discomfort,
Withdrawal Sliding of seizure activity. nausea, change in Monitor respirations every
Scale CIWA: appetite. 5 to 15 minutes and before
7 or less – No Meds each IV dose.
8 – 11 – 1 mg
12 – 16 – 2 mg IV Onset 5 min, Peak 60 –
17 and higher – 3 mg 90 min, Duration 6 – 8 hr.

Contraindicated to sleep
apnea, severe respiratory
insufficiency, acute angle-
closure glaucoma, intra-
arterial administration.

Monitor hepatic, renal and

hematopoietic function
periodically in patients
receiving repeated or
prolonged therapy.

losartan potassium High Blood Pressure Antihypertensive Inhibits Angioedema, Tell client to avoid salt
100 mg Angiotensin II vasoconstrictive and hyperkalemia, substitutes as they may
receptor antagonist aldosterone-secreting hypoglycemia, contain potassium.
(Cozaar) action of angiotensin diabetic vascular
II by blocking disease. Monitor BP.
angiotensin II
receptor on the
surface of vascular
smooth muscle and
other tissue cells.

lovastatin 40 mg CAD Antilipemics Inhibits HMG-CoA Rhabdomyolysis. Monitor for severe

(Mevacor) CV disease HMG-CoA reductase reductase, an early weakness.
inhibitors and rate limiting step in
cholesterol Monitor LFT and Creatine
biosynthesis. Kinase levels.
Magnesium is very
magnesium oxide Low Magnesium Antacids important for the Stomach upset, Monitor for hypermagnesmia
400 mg normal functioning of Diarrhea. – weakness, slow HR,
cells, nerves, muscles, confusion.
Magnesium salts
bones, and the heart.
(Mag – Ox)

methadone Severe Pain in Opioid Opioid analgesics Unknown. Binds with Arrhythmias, *Controlled Substance*
hydrochloride 5 mg intolerant patients. opioid receptors in the bradycardia,
Opioid agonists CNS, altering prolonged QT interval, Watch for signs of serotonin
(Dolophine) perception of and cardiac arrest, shock, syndrome (agitation,
emotional response to cardiomyopathy, HF, hallucinations, rapid HR,
pain. hypomagnesemia, fever, excessive sweating,
respiratory arrest, shivering or shaking, muscle
respiratory twitching or stiffness, trouble
depression, with coordination, nausea,
pulmonary edema. vomiting or diarrhea.

Reassess patient’s level of

pain at least 15 and 30
minutes after parenteral
administration and 30
minutes after oral
administration.

Increase fluid to combat

constipation.
metformin HCl Glucose control Antidiabetics Decreases hepatic Lactic acidosis, Hold if GFR is <30.
250 mg glucose production hypoglycemia.
Biguanides and intestinal Administer with meals.
(Glucophage) absorption of glucose
and improves insulin
sensitivity (increases
peripheral glucose
uptake and use.)

Nausea GI Stimulant
metoclopramide HCl Stimulates motility of Seizures, suicidal Monitor bowel sounds.
10 mg upper GI tract, ideation, bradycardia,
increases lower superventricular Monitor for tardive
(Reglan) esophageal sphincter tachycardia, dyskinesia.
tone, and blocks agranulocytosis,
dopamine receptors neutropenia
at the chemoreceptor
trigger zone.

Hypertension Therapeutic:
metoprolol succinate Early Intervention in Antihypertensives Unknown. A selective Bradycardia, Heart Hold if Apical pulse is <60
XL 50 mg acute MI beta blocker that Failure, BPM. Take BP.
Angina pectoris Pharmacologic: selectively blocks Bronchospasm.
(Toperol) Selective Beta beta receptors; Monitor BP frequently.
Stable symptomatic Adrenergic blockers decreases cardiac
HF resulting from output, peripheral When stopping therapy taper
ischemia, resistance and dosage over 1 to 2 weeks.
hypertension or cardiac oxygen
cardiomyopathy consumption; and
depresses renin
secretion.

metoprolol tartrate Hypertension Selective Beta Unknown. A selective Bradycardia, Heart Hold if Apical pulse is <60
25 mg Adrenergic Blockers beta blocker that Failure, BPM or is Systolic BP <
selectively blocks Bronchospasm. 140.
(Lopressor) beta!, receptors;
decreases cardiac Monitor BP frequently.
output, peripheral
resistance and When stopping therapy taper
cardiac oxygen dosage over 1 to 2 weeks.
consumption; and
depresses renin
 secretion.

morphine sulfate Syr Pain Opiate Agonists Unknown. Binds with Seizures, Give IV slowly over 4 to 5
1mg IV opioid receptors in the Bradycardia, Cardiac minutes. Onset 5 min, Peak
CNS, altering arrest, Shock, 20 min, Duration 4 – 5 hrs.
(Morphine Sulfate) perception of and Thrombocytopenia,
emotional response to Apnea, Respiratory Monitor patients for
pain. arrest, Respiratory respiratory depression.
depression.
Keep opioid antagonist
(Naloxone) and
resuscitation equipment
available.

nitroglycerine Tab Sl Chest Pain Vasodilators Reduces cardiac Headache, Dizziness. SL administration: Wet the
0.4 mg oxygen demand by tablet with saliva and place
Angina Nitrates decreasing left under tongue until absorbed.
(Nitroquick) ventricular end-
diastolic pressure
(preload) and to a
lesser extent,
systemic vascular
resistance (afterload).
Also, increases blood
flow through the
collateral coronary
vessels.

ondansetron vial Prevent nausea and 5-HT3 Receptor May block 5 – HT3 in Arrhythmias, hypoxia Drug may increase the risk
4 mg vomiting Antagonist the CNS in the of prolonged QT interval and
chemoreceptor trigger torsades de pointes (a
(Zofran vial) zone and in the potentially fatal heart
peripheral nervous rhythm). Monitor ECG in
system on the nerve patients with congenital long
terminals of the vagus QT syndrome, in those with
nerve. HF or bradyarrthythmias and
in those taking other
medications that can prolong
the QT interval.
oxycodone Shock
hydrochloride – Pain Opioid Analgesic Binds with Opioid Hemolytic anemia *Controlled Substance*
acetaminophen receptors to alter the Neutropenia
5 – 325 mg perception of pain. Pancytopenia Overdose: pinpoint pupils,
APAP is an analgesic Thrombocytopenia respiratory depression, loss
(Percocet) that inhibits pain Apnea of consciousness,
receptors. Respiratory Arrest somnolence, stupor, coma,
Anaphylactoid skeletal muscle flaccidity,
Reaction cold clammy skin,
bradycardia, hypertension,
apnea, circulatory collapse,
cardiac arrest.

oxycodone HCl (IR) Moderate to Severe Opioid analgesics Unknown. Binds with Bradycardia, *Controlled substance.*
10 mg (2 Tab) Pain. opioid receptors in the respiratory
CNS, altering depression. Routinely monitor all patients
(Oxy IR Tab) perception of and on opioids for signs and
emotional response to symptoms of misuse, abuse,
pain. and addition.

pravastatin sodium Hyperlipidemia Antilipemics Inhibits HMG-CoA Renal failure caused Obtain LFT results at start of
40mg, 80 mg PO HS reductase, an early by myoglobinuria, therapy and then
HMG-CoA reductase (and rate-limiting) Rhabdomyolysis. periodically. A liver biopsy
(Pravachol) inhibitors step in cholesterol may be performed if
biosynthesis. elevated liver enzymes
persist.

prochlorperazine Nausea Antihistamines Acts on the Agranulocytosis, IV Onset, Peak, Duration –

edisylate Antiemetics chemoreceptor trigger Transient leukopenia. Unknown.
zone to inhibit nausea
5 mg IV and vomiting; in larger Elderly patients with
doses, it partially dementia-related psychosis
depresses vomiting treated with antipsychotics
(Compazine)
center. are at an increased risk for
death.

Watch for orthostatic

hypotension, especially
when giving the drug IV.
promethazine HCl Nausea Antiemetics Phenothiazine Leukopenia, Administer with food or milk.
Sup 25 mg derivative that agranulocytosis,
competes with thrombocytopenia, May increase Hemoglobin,
(Phenergan Sup) histamine for H1 respiratory Hematocrit and glucose
receptor sites on depression, apnea. levels.
effector cells.
Prevents, but doesn’t May decrease WBC, platelet
reverse, histamine- and granulocyte counts.
mediates responses.
At high doses, drug
also has local
anesthetic effects.

propranolol HCl Hypertension Antihypertensives Reduces cardiac Bradycardia, HF, Check BP & Pulse.
10 mg oxygen demand by Intensification of the
Nonselective Beta blocking AV block, Drug masks common signs
(Inderal) Blocker catecholamine- agranulocytosis, and symptoms of shock and
induces increases in bronchospasms hypoglycemia.
HR, BP, and force of
myocardial
contraction. Drug
depresses renin
secretion and
prevents vasodilation
and cerebral arteries.

ranolazine 500 mg Angina Pain Antianginals May result from Dizziness. May increase BUN and CR
increased efficiency of levels. May decrease Hb
(Ranexa) myocardial oxygen and HbA1C levels and
use ehen myocardial hematocrit. May increase
metabolism is shifted eosinophil count.
away from fatty acid
oxidation toward
glucose oxidation.
Antianginal and anti-
ischemic properties
don’t increase HR or
BP and don’t increase
myocardial work.

rivaroxaban 10 mg Treatment of DVT or Anticoagulants Selectively blocks the GI hemorrhage, Take with Food.
(Xarelto) PE active site for factor bleeding events.
Xa, which is
necessary for May increase AST, Monitor patients for signs
coagulation. ALT, total bilirubin and and symptoms of neurologic
GGT levels. impairment. If neurologic
compromise is noted, urgent
treatment is necessary.

Watch for signs and

symptoms of blood loss.
Search for a bleeding site if
an unexplained fall in
Hematocrit or BP occurs.
Patients with moderate renal
failure are at risk.

spironolactone Tab Diuretic Potassium sparing Antagonizes Gastric bleeding, Monitor electrolyte levels,
Diuretics aldosterone in the agranulocytosis, fluid intake and output,
50 mg distal tubules, hyperkalemia, weight and BP.
Aldosterone receptor increasing sodium anaphylaxis
agonist and water excretion.
(Aldactone Tab)

warfarin sodium 1 mg PE, DVT, MI, Anticoagulants Inhibits vitamin K Hemorrhage, Monitor for bleeding.
Rheumatic heart dependent activation Anaphylactic
(Coumadin) disease with heart Coumarin derivatives of clotting factors II, reactions Monitor INR – therapeutic
valve damage, VII, IX, a& X formed range 2.5 – 3.5.
Prosthetic heart in the liver. Also
valves, Chronic atrial inhibits anticoagulant Vitamin K – reversal agent.
fibrillation proteins C and S.