Bio 15 Ch 2 How We See the Invisible World OS SG

Assigned reading: Introduction - Interactions of Light, Magnification, Resolution, and Contrast, Early Microscopes,
Brightfield Microscopes-Microscope Maintenance: Best Practices, Staining Microscopic Specimens - Flagella Staining

Key Tems:

Reflection van Leeuwenhoek. compound microscope objective lens ocular lens contrast
Absorbance interference oil immersion lens, Magnification. compound microscope
diaphragm. refraction resolution numerical aperture brightfield microscope
binocular objective lenses total magnification stage coarse focusing knob
fine focusing knob illuminator condenser lens staining fixation
wet mount smear simple staining differential stain mordant
counterstain gram-positive acid-fast stain gram-negative endospore
capsule staining Endospore staining flagella staining

1. Explain the difference between magnification and resolution.

2. Explain the difference between resolution and contrast.

3. Name two factors that affect resolution

4. Explain the difference between simple and compound microscopes.

5. Be able to name the parts of the microscope in figure 2.12.

6. Why is immersion oil used and with which objective?

7. Explain why it is important to fix a specimen before viewing it under a light microscope.

8. Explain the difference between simple and differential staining.

9. Explain the role of Gram’s iodine in the Gram stain procedure.

10. Explain the role of alcohol in the Gram stain procedure.

11. What color are gram-positive and gram-negative cells, respectively, after the Gram stain procedure?

12. Why are acid-fast stains useful?

13. Is endospore staining an example of positive, negative, or differential staining?

14. What type of microscope do we use in the lab?

15. Explain the purpose of a smear and heat fixation in the preparation of a specimen for microscopic viewing.

16. Would a simple stain be a good technique to use when trying to determine the size of a bacterium? Why?

17. How do you determine the final magnification for an object you are looking at under the microscope?

18. What does it mean when a microscope has a resolution of 0.2nm?

19. If you built a light microscope having a total magnification of 5,000X, would it give you better, worse or the same
resolution as one that has a magnification of 1,000X? Why?

20. Why is fixing necessary for most staining procedures?

Review questions from Textbook: 1, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28