Đinh Công Thanh - K67K – Physics - 675113022

HW 2

1,

Tk 3
ω=√
ρ

We have:

ω Tk 3 Tk
vphase = =( √ ):k = √
k ρ ρ

dω T 3 3 3 Tk
vgroup = = √ . . k 2−1 = . √
dk ρ 2 2 ρ

3
→ vgroup = vphase
2
2,
k+∆k
Ψ(x, t) = ∫ A cos(k ′ x − ω′ t)dk′
k−∆k

ω′ = ck′
k+∆k
→ Ψ(x, t) = ∫ A cos(k ′ x − ck′t)dk′
k−∆k

k+∆k
Ψ(x, t) = ∫ A cos k′(x − ct)dk′
k−∆k

A |k+∆k
Ψ(x, t) = sin k′(x − ct) |k−∆k
x − ct
 A
Ψ(x, t) = [sin(k + ∆k)(x + ct) − sin(k − ∆k)(x + ct)]
x − ct
A
Ψ(x, t) = [2 cos k(x − ct) sin ∆k(x − ct)]
x − ct
2A
Ψ(x, t) = . sin ∆k(x − ct) cos k(x − ct)
x − ct
2A∆k
Ψ(x, t) = sin ∆k(x − ct) cos k(x − ct)
∆k(x − ct)
sin[∆k(x−ct)]
Because S(x, t) = 2A∆k.
∆k(x−ct)

→ Ψ(x, t) = S(x, t). cos k(x − ct)

3,

Schrodinger equation:

∂Ψ ħ 2 ∂2 Ψ
iħ =−
∂t 2m ∂x 2
Ψ(x, t) = Asin(kx − wt)

We have:
∂Ψ
+) iħ = −iħwAcos(kx − wt)
∂t

ħ2 ∂ 2 Ψ 2 ħ2
+)− = k 2 Asin(kx − wt)
2m ∂x2 2m

ħ2 2
−iħwAcos(kx − wt) = k Asin(kx − wt)
2m
−iħwAcos(kx − wt) = ħwAsin(kx − wt)

−icos(kx − wt) = sin(kx − wt)

icos(kx − wt) + sin(kx − wt) = 0

cos(kx − wt) − isin(kx − wt) = 0

 e−i(kx−wt) = 0

→ Not satisfy

Do the same with

Ψ(x, t) = Acos(kx − wt)

We get:
ħ2 2
iħwAsin(kx − wt) = k Acos(kx − wt)
2m
isin(kx − wt) = cos(kx − wt)

cos(kx − wt) − isin(kx − wt) = 0

e−i(kx−wt) = 0

→ Not satisfy

4,

Ψ(x, t) = Aei(kx−wt) − Ae−i(kx+wt)

Ψ(x, t) = Aeikx e−iwt − Ae−ikx e−iwt

Ψ(x, t) = Ae−iwt (eikx − e−ikx )

Eular’s formular:

eikx = coskx + isinkx (1)

e−ikx = coskx − isinkx (2)

(1) - (2) we obtain: eikx − e−ikx = 2isinkx

Ae−iwt (eikx − e−ikx ) = 2iAsinkxe−iwt

Ψ(x, t) = 2iAsinkxe−iwt
5,

Schrodinger equation:

∂Ψ ħ 2 ∂2 Ψ
iħ =−
∂t 2m ∂x 2
Ψ(x, t) = Aei(px−Et)/ħ

px − Et px − Et
Ψ(x, t) = A(cos + isin )
ħ ħ
We have:
∂Ψ E px−Et E px−Et
+) = A( sin − i cos )
∂t ħ ħ ħ ħ

∂Ψ px−Et px−Et
iħ = A(Eisin + Ecos ) (1)
∂t ħ ħ

∂2 Ψ2 −p2 px−Et p2 px−Et

+) = A( cos − i sin )
∂x2 ħ2 ħ ħ2 ħ

ħ2 ∂ 2 Ψ 2 p2 px−Et p2 px−Et
− = A( cos +i sin )
2m ∂x2 2m ħ 2m ħ

ħ2 ∂ 2 Ψ 2 px−Et px−Et
− = A(Ecos + iEsin ) (2)
2m ∂x2 ħ ħ

(1) = (2) the wave function is satisfied Schrodinger equation

Do the same with

Ψ(x, t) = Ae−i(px−Et)/ħ
∂Ψ px − Et px − Et
iħ = A(Eisin − Ecos )
∂t ħ ħ
ħ 2 ∂2 Ψ 2 px − Et px − Et
− = A(−Ecos + iEsin )
2m ∂x 2 ħ ħ
The wave function is satisfied Schrodinger equation
6,

𝐸 2 − 𝑝2 𝑐 2 = 𝑚2 𝑐 4

a)E = ħ𝑚 , 𝑝 = ħ𝑘

We have:
𝑑𝑤
𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 =
𝑑𝑘

ħ𝑘 2
Because 𝑤 =
2𝑚

ħ𝑘 𝑝
𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 = =
𝑚 𝑚

𝑝𝑐 2 𝑝. 𝑐 2 𝑝
𝑣= = =
𝐸 √𝑝2 𝑐 2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 4 √ 2 𝑝2
𝑚 + 2
𝑐
𝑝2 𝑝
Due to ≈0→𝑣≈ = 𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑐2 𝑚

b)

∂2 Ψ 2
∂2 Ψ 𝑚 2 𝑐 4
−𝑐 + 2 Ψ = 0 (0)
∂𝑡 2 ∂x 2 ħ

Ψ = A𝑒 −𝑖(𝑤𝑡−𝑘𝑥) = A𝑒 𝑖(𝑘𝑥−𝑤𝑡)

Eular’s formular:

Ψ = A[cos(kx − wt) − isin(kx − wt)]

∂Ψ
+) = A[𝑤𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡) − 𝑖𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)]
∂t
∂2 Ψ
2
= A[−𝑤 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡) − 𝑖𝑤 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)] (1)
∂t
∂Ψ
+) = A[−𝐾𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡) + 𝑖𝐾𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)]
∂x
 ∂2 Ψ
2
= A[−𝐾 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡) − 𝑖𝐾 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)]
∂x

∂2 Ψ
2
𝑐 = A[−𝐾 2 𝑐 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡) − 𝑖𝐾 2 𝑐 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)] (2)
∂x 2
𝑚2 𝑐 4 𝑚2 𝑐 4 𝑚2 𝑐 4
+) 2 Ψ = A [ 2 cos(kx − wt) − i 2 sin(kx − wt)] (3)
ħ ħ ħ

If Ψ(x, t) is the solution of (0)

→ (1) − (2) + (3) = 0

2
𝑚2 𝑐 4
2 2
→ −𝑤 + 𝐾 𝑐 + 2 = 0
ħ
→ −𝑤 2 ħ2 + ħ2 𝐾 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 4 = 0

→ −𝐸 2 + 𝑝2 𝑐 2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 4 = 0

→ 𝐸 2 = 𝑝2 𝑐 2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 4

So Ψ(x, t) is the solution if 𝐸 2 = 𝑝2 𝑐 2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 4