06/22/16

2016 Fire Safety Symposium Significant Changes to NFPA 72

Significant Changes to NFPA 72 –
Impacting the Code Official, Designer
and Contractor

Who am I? Fire & Life Safety Interests…

 Inspector/Plans Examiner
 Deputy State Fire Marshal (MN)
 MN State Fire Chiefs Code  Fire Alarm Systems
Committee
 NFPA 72 Technical Committee
 Instructor for International Code
Council & National Fire Academy
 Appointed by MN Gov. Mark Dayton
to Board of Architecture &
Engineering (2013)

Fire & Life Safety Interests… Fire & Life Safety Interests…
 Fire Alarm Systems  Fire Alarm Systems

 School Fire Safety

 School Fire Safety

 Autism/Fire & Life Safety

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NFPA 72 Task Group Introductions

 An NFPA 72 task group is working with the  Please introduce yourself:

Fire Protection Research Foundation and
Oklahoma State University
 Goal is to develop a new set of guidelines
for code officials and designers when
working on projects where the occupants
have sensory related conditions.
 Current position?
 Years of experience in your industry?
 Years of experience dealing with or
reviewing fire alarm systems?

Miscellaneous Information ICC Preferred Provider

 Restrooms  This course has been approved by the
 Breaks International Code Council’s Preferred
 Roster Provider Program for 6.0 hours of
 Informal continuing education.
 Participate  Please sign roster

 Please ask
questions

Agenda Learning Objectives/Goals

 Review the change in format from the  Gain a better
2002/2007 and the 2010/2013 understanding of fire
 Review what is coming in the 2016/2019 editions alarm systems
 Review CO alarm/detection requirements (NFPA  Scope and layout of NFPA
72/720) 72, 2013 Edition
2007 2010 2013  What’s coming in future
editions
 That you learn something

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Terminology
 The term “alarm” refers to a single station
device:
 Not part of a system,
 Intended to alert the occupant,
 Examples: smoke alarms, CO alarms,
 The term “detector” refers to a device
connected to a fire alarm system.
A detector does not alert the occupant
(horn/strobes do that)
Applicable Codes & Standards
 Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility
Guideline (ADAAG).
Applicable Listings
 UL 38 – Manual Signal Boxes.
 UL 464 – Audible Signal Appliances.
 UL 985 – Household Fire Warning System
Units.
 UL 1480 – Speakers & Amplifiers.
 UL 1481 – Power Supplies.
 UL 1638 – Visual Signals.
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Applicable Codes & Standards
 NFPA 72 – National Fire Alarm and
Signaling Code
 NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code
Applicable Listings
 UL 217 – Single & Multi-Station Smoke
Alarms.
 UL 268 – System Smoke Detectors.
 UL 268a – Duct Smoke Detectors.
 UL 539 – Single & Multi-Station Heat Alarms.
 UL 521 – System Heat Detectors.
 UL 864 – Fire Alarm Control Units.
 Look for this listing inside FACU
Applicable Listings
 UL 1730 – Annunciation of Detectors.
 UL 1971 – Hearing Impaired Signaling
Devices.
 UL 827 – Central Station Alarm Services.
 UL 1981 – Central Station Automation.
 UL 2075 – Gas Detectors & Sensors.
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Editorial Remarks Changes

 Asterisk (*) indicates annex material

associated with the text 2010
 Vertical line indicates new/changed material
in the section (2010 & 2013 Editions)
 Bullet indicates material removed
 [XXX-XXX] indicates committee responsible 2016
for definitions

NFPA 72 Organization Terminology Changes

Fire  “FIRE” removed or changed to

Alarm
System
“EMERGENCY” in most cases
 Example:“manual fire alarm box” is now
Emergency
“manual alarm box”.
Alarm/Signaling
Communication
Systems
Systems  Where “FIRE” is integral to the meaning of
One-Way the text, it was not changed
Protected Supervising Two-Way
Premises FAS
& Household
Station Alarm PEARS Info C&C  Example: “fire department”
Systems PBD

NFPA 72 Format What Changed???

 NFPA 72 – 2010
National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code

 Introduction 2002 2007 2010 2013

 Chapters 1-3 (Administrative)

 Chapters 10-19 (Support)
 Chapters 20-29 (Systems)

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New Format NFPA 72 – Format

 Chapters 1-2-3
 Administration
 Referenced Publications
 Definitions
2002/2007 editions had 11 2010/2013 editions have  Chapters 4-9
chapters 29 chapters  Reserved

 Chapter 10
 Fundamentals

NFPA 72 – Format NFPA 72 – Format

 Chapter 11  Chapters 15-16
 Reserved
 Reserved
 Chapter 12
 Chapter 17
 Circuits and Pathways
 Initiating Devices
 Chapter 13
 Chapter 18
 Reserved
 Notification Appliances
 Chapter 14
 Inspection, Testing & Maintenance  Chapters 19-20
 Reserved

NFPA 72 – Format NFPA 72 – Format

 Chapter 21  Chapter 25
 Emergency Control Functions and Interfaces  Reserved
(Previously Fire Safety Functions)
 Chapter 26
 Chapter 22
 Reserved  Supervising Stations Fire Alarm Systems
 Chapter 23  Chapter 27
 Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems  Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems
 Chapter 24  Chapter 28
 Emergency Communication Systems - New
 Reserved

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NFPA 72 – Format NFPA 72 – Format

 Chapter 29
 Annexes (cont.)
 Single – Multiple Station Alarms and Household Fire
Alarm Systems  E – NEMA SB30 – Fire Service Annunciator and
Interface
 Annexes (Not enforceable language)
 A – Explanatory Material
 F – Sample Ordinance
 B – Engineering Guide for Automatic Fire Detector
 G – Guide for Testing of Circuits
Spacing  H – Informational References
 C – System Performance and Design Guide  I – Cross-Reference Table
 D – Speech Intelligibility

Chapters 1-2-3 Chapter 1 – Section 1.4

 Retroactivity
 Chapter 1
 Continues language that the standard only
 Administration
applies once adopted.
 Chapter 2  Exception for conditions where the AHJ
 Referenced Publications determines a distinct hazard
 Chapter 3  It is necessary for the AHJ to research previous

 Definitions
editions when applicable.

Chapter 1 – Section 1.5 Chapters 1-2-3

 Equivalency Section 1.5
 Chapter 1 (continued)
 Nothing in the standard shall
prevent the use of systems,  1.6.5 The values presented for measurements in
methods, devices, or appliances of this Code are expressed with a degree of
equivalent or superior quality, precision appropriate for practical application
strength, fire resistance, and enforcement. It is not intended that the
effectiveness, durability and safety
over those prescribed in the
application or enforcement of these values be
standard more precise than the precision expressed.
 Fire alarm technology changes rapidly!

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Chapters 1-2-3 Important New Definitions

 John’s Interpretation  Acoustically Distinguishable Spaces
Use some common  Applicable to emergency communication
sense when measuring. systems
There is no exact science  Several new definitions for emergency
regarding many of the communication systems and the different
dimensions listed in the types (one-way, in-building, wide area, etc.)
standard (examples to  Dedicated Function Fire Alarm Control Unit
come).

New Definitions Chapter 7 – Documentation

 Chapter 7 – Documentation
 Managed Facilities-Based Voice Network
 NEW Chapter
 Added to allow the continued use of DACTs  Minimum requirements for plan
with certain conditions submittals
 Design documentation
 Risk Analysis
 Shop drawings
 Completion documentation
 Inspection, testing and maintenance
documentation
 Records retention documentation

Fire Alarm Plan Symbols Chapter 10 - Fundamentals

 Section 7.2.3-Requires all symbols on fire  Protection of Fire Alarm Systems

alarm drawing plan submittals to comply  Primary/Secondary Power Supplies
with NFPA 170, Standard for Fire Safety and  Annunciation and Annunciation Zoning
Emergency Symbols  Monitoring Integrity
 Documentation
 Impairments

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Section - 10.3 - Equipment
 10.3.1 Equipment shall be listed for the
purpose for which it is used.
 10.3.2 Components shall be installed, tested
and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s published instructions and
this Code.
 10.3.3 Devices receiving power from IDC or
SLC shall be listed for use with control unit.
Chapter 10 - Fundamentals
Chapter 10 - Fundamentals
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Chapter 10 - Fundamentals
 10.4.5.1 Initiating Devices
(manual and automatic) shall
be selected and installed so as
to minimize the possibility of
nuisance alarms.
 Pay close attention to where
initiating devices are being
placed on plans.
Chapter 10 - Fundamentals
Chapter 10 - Qualifications
 10.5 Personnel Qualifications
 Revised and added requirements for personnel
qualifications for:
• System designers
• System installers
• Inspection/Testing/Maintenance Personnel
• Supervising Station operators (added in 2010)
• Inspectors/Plans Examiners – 2016 Edition
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Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 System Designer Qualifications:
 Qualified personnel include:
• People registered, licensed or certified by a state or
local authority
• Personnel who are certified by a nationally
recognized certification organization acceptable to
the AHJ (NICET)
• Personnel who are factory trained and certified for
fire alarm system design & acceptable to the AHJ.
Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 System Installer Qualifications:
• People registered, licensed or certified by a state or
local authority
• Personnel who are certified by a nationally
recognized certification organization acceptable to
the AHJ (NICET)
• Personnel who are factory trained and certified for
fire alarm system design & acceptable to the AHJ.
 Installers shall provide evidence of their qualifications
when requested by the AHJ.
Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 Inspection, Testing, & Maintenance Personnel
 Qualified personnel include:
• Personnel who are registered, licensed, or certified
by the state or local authority
• Personnel who are employed and qualified by an
organization listed by a nationally recognized testing
lab for the servicing of systems.
06/22/16
Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 System Designer Qualifications:
 The system designer must provide evidence of
their qualifications/certifications when
requested by the AHJ
 The system designer shall be identified on the
design documents.
Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 Inspection, Testing, & Maintenance Personnel
 Qualified personnel include:
• Those who are factory trained and certified for
the specific type and brand of system
• Personnel who are certified by a nationally
recognized certification organization acceptable to
the AHJ (NICET)
Chapter 10 – Fundamentals
 Supervising Station Operators
 Operators in supervising station shall demonstrate
competence in all tasks as required by chapter 26.
Including…
• Certified by the manufacturer of the receiving
system or equipment or the alarm monitoring
automation system.
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Chapter 10 – Fundamentals Chapter 10 -Fundamentals

 Supervising Station Operators (Cont.)  Language for 2016 Edition of NFPA 72
 Operators in supervising station shall demonstrate  Establish a minimum standard for
competency in all tasks as required by chapter 26.
Including… inspectors and plans examiners that
• Certified by an organization acceptable to the AHJ
inspect and review fire alarm/ECS systems
o Ex. Central Station Alarm Association

• Licensed or certified by the state or local AHJ

• Other training or certification approved by the AHJ

AHJ/Plans Examiner Qualifications Chapter 10 - Changes

 2016 Edition  2010 Edition
 Section 10.5.4.3-Code officials who perform plan  10.6 Signal Priority
review services shall meet one or more of the  Signals need to be prioritized as follows:
following: 1. Emergency Communication System
(1) Personnel who are registered, licensed, or certified by 2. Fire
a state or local authority
3. Supervisory
(2) Personnel who meet the requirements of NFPA 1031,
4. Trouble
Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector
and Plan Examiner  Note that ECS is not prioritized all the time,
(3) Personnel who are assigned to perform plan reviews but based on a risk analysis
and inspections by the authority having jurisdiction • See definition of Risk Analysis in Chapter 3

Chapter 10 – 2013 Edition Chapter 10 - Fundamentals

 10.7 Signal Priority  New Pre-Alarm signal language

 Pre-Alarm Condition-”An abnormal condition
Signals need to be prioritized as follows: that poses an immediate threat to life, property
1. Emergency Communication System or mission”.
2. Fire • Ex: Heat detector sending a signal to the
panel when ceiling temperature reaches
3. Pre-Alarm/Carbon Monoxide Alarm 130°F
4. Supervisory  Intent is to give building owner/staff additional
time to investigate possible issue before
5. Trouble initiating devices reach alarm condition.

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Chapter 10 - Fundamentals Chapter 10 – 2013 Edition

 New Pre-Alarm signal language  Section 10.7.5-Carbon monoxide signals
 Newer technology panels have pre-alarm
are permitted to take precedence over
capability
supervisory and trouble signals
• This is in addition to alarm, supervisory and
trouble  Section 10.7.6-Pre-alarm signals are
• This is different from alarm verification (will permitted to take precedence over
discuss later) supervisory and trouble signals
 Panel will notify building owner by text/email of
condition about to happen

Fire Alarm Signals Coded Alarm Signals

 Section 10.10.2-Fire alarm signals
shall be distinctive in sound from
other signals, shall comply with
section 18.4.2.1 (T3 pattern), and
shall not be used for other purposes.
 Section 10.12.1-Actuation of an alarm
notification device shall occur within
10 seconds of activation of an
initiating device.
 Section 10.12.2-Each round of a coded alarm
signal shall consist of not less than three
impulses.
 Coded alarms are typically used in
areas/buildings where private notification is
desired (hospitals, nursing homes, etc.)
 Ex. “Paging Dr. Firestone, Dr. Firestone, Building
4 West Wing”

Trouble Signals Trouble Signals

 Trouble signals and  Visible and audible trouble signals and
their restoration to visible indication of their restoration to
normal shall be normal shall be indicated at the following
indicated within 200 locations:
seconds.
 Fire alarm control panel
 The trouble signal shall
 Fire command center (when provided)
be located in an area
where it is likely to be  Central, proprietary, or remote station service

heard. (when system is monitored)

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Trouble Signals Trouble Signals

 Section 10.15.10.7-An audible trouble signal
that has been silenced at the protected
premises shall comply with the following:
 Signal shall automatically re-sound every 24
hours or less until fault condition is restored.
 The signal shall sound until it is manually
silenced or acknowledged.
 The trouble signal shall be automatically
retransmitted to the supervising station when
provided
 Section 10.6.9.3 (13) Unless prohibited by
the AHJ, supervising station alarm systems
shall be arranged to delay transmission of
primary power failure (trouble signals) for
a period ranging from 60 minutes to 180
minutes.

Chapter 10 -Fundamentals Chapter 10 - Fundamentals

 10.13.2 Alarm Signal
 Protection of Control Equipment
Deactivation
 Automatic smoke detection is required at all
Requirement to deactivate fire alarm control panels, NAC power panels
both audible and visible and supervising station transmission
signaling when silencing a equipment if they are in a normally unoccupied
fire alarm system. location.
Silencing just the horns is a  Exception for fully sprinklered buildings has
violation of ADA gone away
regulations.

Initiating Devices Initiating Devices

 FAQ: Can a heat detector be used when
ambient conditions prohibit a smoke
detector?
 FAQ: Can a heat detector be used when
ambient conditions prohibit a smoke
detector?
ANSWER: Yes; however, if ambient
conditions are not suitable for a smoke
detector, it often is not suitable for control
equipment.

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Chapter 10 - Changes Fire Alarm Impairments

 10.18.3.2 Annunciators
 Annunciator location to be
determined by the AHJ to
facilitate efficient response by
first responders.
• Relocated from the notification
appliance chapter (18) in the
2010 edition.
 Section 10.21.1-The system owner shall be
notified when a fire alarm system (or portion
of a system) is down for maintenance.
 Where required by the fire official, other
measures acceptable to the fire code official
shall also be implemented.
 The owner shall be notified when an
impairment is completed or discontinued.

Chapter 12 – Circuits and Pathways Section 12.2 - General

 Application  Chapter 12 is a NEW chapter in 2010

 General  Chapter 12 has no requirements
 Pathway Class Designation  Chapter 12 describes pathway
 Pathway Survivability classifications and pathway survivability
 Terminology
levels
 Other chapters refer to Chapter 12 for
reference.

Chapter 14 – Inspection, Testing and

Class N Circuits – 2016 Edition Maintenance

 2016 Edition created a new circuit (Class N)  Application

allowing Ethernet and other computer  General
based networks to be used for fire alarm  Inspection
wiring  Testing
 Must have a redundant path (similar to  Maintenance
Class A circuits).
 Records
 Lots of conditions

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Chapter 14 – Inspection, Testing & Maintenance Properly Designed

For a fire alarm

system to be
reliable, it must be:

Properly Installed Properly Maintained

Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Inspection, Testing & Maintenance

 Chapter 14 is the only  Section 14.4.4.3.1-Sensitivity
chapter in the standard Testing: Smoke detector sensitivity
that applies to new and shall be checked within one year
existing fire alarm system after installation and every
installations. alternate year thereafter.
 It is the owner’s
 If device is within marked range
responsibility to ensure after 2nd test, calibration may be
ITM is provided for the
extended to not exceed every 5
system.
years

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Inspection, Testing & Maintenance
 Section 14.4.4.3.4-Approved options for
sensitivity testing include:
A calibrated test method
 A manufacturer’s calibrated sensitivity test
instrument
 Listed control equipment
 A smoke detector/control unit arrangement
where the detector cause a signal at the panel
 Another calibrated sensitivity test method
acceptable to the fire code official
Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
 Impairments related to ITM shall also follow
the requirements in 10.21.
 System defects or malfunctions shall be
corrected.
 If defects or malfunctions are not corrected
at the conclusion of the ITM, the owner
must be informed of the issue(s) in writing
within 24 hours.
Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
 Test methods-Fire
alarm systems and
associated equipment
shall be tested in
accordance with Table
14.4.3.2.
06/22/16
Inspection, Testing & Maintenance
 Section 14.4.4.3.7-Testing- Prohibits an
unmeasured concentration of smoke or other
aerosol into the detector.
 Sensitivitytesting must be done in accordance
with the manufacturer’s specifications
 Some detector manufacturers do not permit
testing with aerosol products
 Testing a device with aerosol products when not
approved by the manufacture can affect detector
performance.
Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
 Section 14.2.4.1
Notification-Before any
ITM begins, the
supervising station (when
provided) and all building
occupants shall be
notified of the testing.
Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
 Section 14.6.1.2.1-Site
Specific Software-Many of
the new fire alarm systems
have specific software
applications that must be
provided by the installing
contractor.
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Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Acceptance Test and Completion

 A copy of this software must be
 FAQ-Can a magnet be used to test a smoke
provided to the owner and
stored on-site. detector?
 The owner of the building is
responsible for maintaining the
records.
 Ifcontractors do not have this
information it can cause delays to
any repairs that may be
necessary.

Acceptance Test and Completion Commissioning vs. Acceptance Testing

 ANSWER: A magnet cannot be used to test the

smoke detector itself. Chapter 14 requires smoke  Commissioning vs. Acceptance Testing
to enter the detector’s chamber. A magnet can be
used on a smoke detector to test the fire alarm
 What is the difference?
system; including activating notification,
capturing elevator/recall, close fire rated doors,
etc.

Commissioning vs. Acceptance Testing Commissioning vs. Acceptance Testing

 Commissioning is a systematic process that  Acceptance testing is the procedure where

provides documented confirmation to the
building owner or company representative that
the installed system meets the original plan
submittal and complies with all applicable
laws, codes and standards
 Refer to NFPA 3 for details
tests are performed on the installation
typically involving the authority having
jurisdiction where the entire system is tested
and reviewed to ensure compliance with
laws, codes, and standards.

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Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Smoke-Sensing Fire Detectors
 Radiant-Energy Sensing Fire Detectors
 Combination, Multi-Criteria and Multi-
Sensor Detectors
 Gas Detection
 Other Fire Detectors
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Covers the installation criteria for all sensors
or devices that are used to provide
recognition of a fire
 Chapter covers any device that provides an
incoming signal to the fire alarm control
panel
 Installation criteria for single & multiple
station smoke alarms are found in chapter
29.
06/22/16
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Application
 Purpose
 Performance-Based Design
 General Requirements
 Requirements for Smoke and Heat
Detectors
 Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Sprinkler Water-flow Alarm Initiating Devices
 Detection of the operation of Other Automatic
Extinguishing Systems
 Manually Actuated Alarm-Initiating Devices
 Fire Extinguisher Electronic Monitoring Devices
 Supervisory Signal Initiating Devices
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 It is important for the designer to
understand basic fire chemistry when
utilizing chapter 17.
 Fire and the products of combustion
behave differently based on the size of the
room, the ceiling layout, and the amount
of combustible materials in the space.
17

Detector Coverage
 Total Coverage-When required by laws, codes,
or standards, …includes all rooms, hallways,
storage areas, basements, attics, spaces above
suspended ceilings
 Rare to require total coverage
 Partial/Selective-Where laws, codes, or
standards require selected areas be covered
 Nonrequired-Devices installed to achieve a
specific fire safety objective but not mandated
by laws, codes or standards
NFPA 72 (10) Section 17.5.3
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Section 17.4.2-When
subject to mechanical
damage, an initiating
device shall be
protected.
 Guard shall be listed
for use with that
detector.
Initiating Device Locations – 02/07 Edition
 5.4.6 Initiating devices shall be installed in
all areas, compartments, or locations
where required by other NFPA codes and
standards or as required by the authority
having jurisdiction.
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Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Performance-Based Design
 There are three areas in NFPA 72 where the designer is
permitted to use a performance-based design.
• Initiation
• Notification
• Maintenance
 Initiation and notification are most common
 The authority having jurisdiction shall ultimately
determine if the PBD is appropriate.
Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices
 Section 17.4.3-Initiating devices shall be
supported independently of their
attachment to the circuit conductor.
Initiating Device Locations – 2013 Edition
 17.4.5 Initiating devices shall be installed in
all areas, compartments, or locations
where required by other governing laws,
codes, or standards.
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Heat Detectors Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices

 17.6.2.2.2 Heat Detector Markings
 Two types of heat detectors:
 All heat detectors need to be marked with operating
Spot-type temperature.
 Spot heat detectors also need to be marked with
Line-type
their Response Time Index (RTI).
• RTI measures the sensitivity of the device.
• Typically have an RTI less than 100, with 10
indicating a more rapid response.

Heat Detectors Heat Detectors & High Ceilings

 Heat detectors are not considered life safety
equipment.
 Heat detectors should be installed where
conditions are not favorable for smoke
detectors such as kitchens, garages, boiler
rooms, etc.
 The maximum ceiling temperature in the area
where the heat detector is installed must be 20
degrees or more below the operating
temperature of the heat detector.

Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices

 Section 17.7.1.8-Unless specifically
approved and listed for specific
environmental conditions, smoke detectors
shall not be installed in the following
locations:
 Where temperature is below 32°F
 Where temperature is above 100°F
 Where relative humidity is above 93%
 Air velocity > 300 ft./min.

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Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors

 Factors to consider that may affect smoke  Factors to consider that may affect smoke
detector response: detector response:
 Moisture
Moisture
 Livesteam
 Combustion Products and Fumes  Steam tables
 Atmospheric Contaminants  Showers

 Engine Exhaust  Humidifiers

 Slop sink
 Heating Elements and Abnormal Conditions
 Humid outside air
 Water spray

Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors

 Factors to consider that may affect smoke  Factors to consider that may affect smoke
detector response: detector response:
Combustion Products and Fumes Engine Exhaust
 Chemical fumes  Dieselengines
 Cleaning fluids  Gas engines
 Cooking equipment
 Gasoline forklifts
 Cutting/welding
 Fireplaces
 Ovens

Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors

 Factors to consider that may affect smoke  Factors to consider that may affect smoke
detector response: detector response:
Heating Elements with Abnormal Conditions Electrical Noise and Mechanical Influences
 Dust accumulation  Vibration

 Improper exhaust  Radiation

 Incomplete Combustion  Intense light

 Electrostatic discharge

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Environmental Factors on Smoke Detectors Chapter 17 – Changes

 Factors to consider that may affect smoke  17.7.1.11 Protection During
detector response: Construction
 When smoke detectors are
Airflow installed during construction,
 Gusts they need to be tested and
calibrated or replaced.
 Excessive velocity
 When detectors are not
required during construction,
they shall not be installed until
after all the other construction
trades have completed
cleanup.

Chapter 17 – Changes Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices

 17.7.1.11 Protection During
 Section 17.4.10*-If the intent is to initiate
Construction
 When smoke detectors are
action when smoke/fire threatens a
installed during construction, specific object or space, the detector shall
they need to be tested and be permitted to be installed in close
calibrated or replaced.
 When detectors are not
proximity to that object or space.
required during construction,
they shall not be installed until
after all the other construction
trades have completed
cleanup.

Chapter 17 – Initiating Devices

 There are some applications that do not
require full area protection where there are
ceilings in excess of 15 feet:
 Elevator landings

 Protection of fire alarm control units

 Detection should be placed on the wall above

and within 60 in. from the top of the elevator
door(s) or FACU
 See A.17.4.10

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 06/22/16

Chapter 17 – Changes
 17.7.3.2.1 Smoke detector
(or alarm) installation
 Wall mounting permitted
within 12” of ceiling
 4” dead space no longer in
the code for smoke
detectors
• Exc. for sloped/peaked
ceilings

Wall-Mounted Smoke Alarms/Detectors Peaked Ceilings

2007 Edition 2010/2013 Edition

Sloped Ceilings Chapter 17 – Changes

 17.7.3.2.3.1 Smoke Detector Spacing

Code language modified to clarify nominal
spacing of smoke detectors
NFPA 72 (13) – “In the absence of specific
performance-based design criteria, smooth
ceiling smoke detector spacing shall be a
nominal 30 feet.” OR
Use the “0.7 Rule”

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 06/22/16

Corridor Spacing Corridor Spacing

Does anyone know where the 30 foot 120 ft.

spacing for corridor smoke detectors

10 ft.
came from?
120 ft. 15’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 15’

Conventional spacing method would require four (4)

10 ft.

detectors.

15’ 30’ 30’ 30’ 15’

Corridor Spacing Detector Spacing - “The 0.7 Rule”

 The distance to the 30 ft.
120 ft.
corner is more than
15 ft.
10 ft.

15 ft.
 a2 + b2 = c2

30 ft.
20’ 40’ 40’ 20’
 152 = 225 15 ft.

 225 + 225 = 450

Using the 0.7 method, only three (3) detectors are
needed.  √ 450 = 21.2 ft.
 30 ft. x 0.7 = 21 ft.

Smoke Detectors for Door Release Smoke Detectors for Door Release Service

 NFPA 72 outlines two methods for controlling  Section 17.7.5.6

doors:  Ifcorridor is protected with
 Door and shutter release mechanisms that are smoke detection, no need for
integral to the door hold-open release detection within 5 feet of door
mechanism (see section 21.8)  Specific installation
 Area smoke detectors requirements depend on the
depth of wall section (see
section 17.7.5.6.5)

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 06/22/16

Smoke Detectors for Door Release Smoke Detectors for Door Release
 Section 17.7.5.6 (cont.)  Section 17.7.5.6.1-Smoke detectors that
 If depth of wall section ≤ 24 in., are part of an open area protection system
one ceiling mounted smoke covering the room, corridor, or enclosed
detector is required (on either space on each side of the smoke door and
side)
that are located and spaced as required by
 If the depth of wall section is >
17.7.3 shall be permitted to accomplish
24 in. on both sides, two ceiling
smoke door release service.
mounted smoke detectors are
required

Smoke Detectors for Door Release-Scenario Smoke Detectors for Door Release
Smoke detectors New Construction Smoke detectors New Construction
125-unit Assisted Living 125-unit Assisted Living
Mixed use I-1/R-2 Mixed use I-1/R-2

Fire-rated corridor Fire-rated corridor

Fire door Fire door

Kitchen Kitchen

Dwelling unit Dwelling unit

Smoke Detectors for Door Release Service Smoke Detectors in High Air Movement Areas

 If separation between (multiple  Section 17.7.6.3.2-Smoke detectors shall

doorways is > 24 in., each doorway shall not be located directly in the airstream of
be treated separately supply registers.

24
 06/22/16

Smoke Detectors in High Air Movement Areas Smoke Alarms/Detectors & Ceiling Fans
Smoke Detector
Supply Air  Frequently asked question:
 Does NFPA 72 regulate the
placement of smoke
detectors in the proximity of
ceiling fans?

Smoke Alarms/Detectors & Ceiling Fans Chapter 18 – Notification Appliances

 Frequently asked question:
 ANSWER: Yes and No; 72
regulates placement of smoke
alarms/detectors in residential
occupancies in section
29.8.3.4 #8.
• 36” from ceiling fans
 Language does not apply to
commercial (detector)
installations.

Chapter 18 – Notification Appliances Notification Signal

 The type of notification signal must match
 Application the evacuation scheme for the facility:
 General  Totalevacuation,
 Audible Characteristics  Zoned evacuation,
 Occupant relocation,
 Visible Characteristics – public mode
 Defend in place strategies.
 Visible Characteristics –private mode
 Notification zones shall be consistent with
 Graphic Visible Signaling Method the emergency response or evacuation plan
for the protected premises.

25
 06/22/16

Chapter 18 – Notification Appliances Notification Signals - Types

 The use of the T3 pattern  Public Mode (most common):
shall only be used where  General evacuation signal,
evacuation of the building
 Private Mode:
or relocation inside the
 Attendant signal:
building is desired.
• No evacuation signal,
 The T3 signal shall not be
• Usually a coded voice message or chimes.
used where occupants are
practicing defend-in-place.

Chapter 18 – Notification Appliances Audible Alarm Synchronization

 18.3.3 Physical Construction  Section 18.4.2.4-The three-pulse temporal

 18.3.3.2
Notification appliances used for other
purposes than fire cannot say “FIRE” on them.
pattern must be synchronized throughout
the evacuation zone.
 Separatepatterns (lack of synchronization) is
necessary to preserve the temporal pattern.

Sound Levels – Public Mode Sound Levels – Public Mode

 15 dBA above average ambient sound; or,

 110 dBA is maximum allowed

 5 dBA above average ambient sound level

lasting 60 seconds
 If ambient sound level is greater than 105
dBA, visual notification appliance is required,

26
 06/22/16

Protective Covers

 Protective covers used with notification

appliances must be listed for the particular
device.
 Unlisted equipment can degrade the
effectiveness of the audible signal or visible
strobe.

The Distance Effect on Sound Pressure Level The Distance Effect on Sound Pressure Level

Distance from Appliance Sound Pressure Level • Rule of Thumb is the output of an audible appliance
10 ft. nameplate value is reduced by 6 dB if the distance between the
appliance and the listener is doubled.
20 ft. - 6 dBA

40 ft. - 12 dBA

80 ft. - 18 dBA

The Distance Effect on Sound Pressure Level The Walls and Doors Effect on Sound
The Effect of Walls and Doors on Sound Transmission
Speaker Rated at 84 dBA at 10 feet Avg. Loss Typical Range
Open Door 8 dBA 4-12 dBA
10 ft. 84 dBA
Closed Door 17 dBA 10-24 dBA
20 ft. 78 dBA
Sealed Door 28 dBA 22-34 dBA

40 ft. 72 dBA Stud Wall 39 dBA 32-42 dBA

80 ft. 66 dBA Source: NIST Handbook 119 “Quieting: A Practical Guide to Noise Control”: D.A. Robinson,
Univ. of MA, “Sound Transmission Loss From Corridors to Rooms: Implications for Locating
Fire Alarm Sounders”

27
 06/22/16

Sound Levels – Sleeping Areas Sound Levels – Sleeping Areas

 Section 18.4.5  Section 18.4.5
 15 dBA above ambient average sound level,  15 dBA above ambient average sound level,
 5 dBA above maximum sound level (lasting 60  5 dBA above maximum sound level (lasting 60
seconds), or seconds), or
 75 dBA minimum measured at pillow level  75 dBA minimum measured at pillow level
 Whichever is greater.  Whichever is greater.
 This will usually require an  This will usually require an
appliance in the dwelling appliance in the dwelling
unit. unit.

Alert Tones in Sleeping Areas Alert Tones in Sleeping Areas-INCORRECT

• Same for public and

private operating mode
Apartment
• 70 dBA min. 1999
Fire Door
• 75 dBA since 2002
• Remember, NFPA 72 is not Fire-rated corridor

a retroactive document
• It is necessary to
research the standard in
effect at the time

Alert Tones in Sleeping Areas-CORRECT New Requirement for Frequency

of Alert Tone for Awakening
 520 Hz Square Wave
Apartment
 Systems (Chapter 18) – effective January 1, 2014
75 dBA  Household (Chapter 29) – effective on adoption
Fire Door

Fire-rated corridor

520 Hz Sq. Wave 3000 Hz

28

New Requirement for Frequency
of Alert Tone for Awakening
New requirement effective 1/1/14:
• Where audible appliances are
provided in sleeping areas, they shall
produce a low frequency signal that
meets the following:
• Alarm signal shall be square wave
• Must have a frequency of 520 Hz
• Installation issues?
Why the change?
 Background:
 Study done by Victoria (Australia) University
 Study tried to determine why people were not
waking to the fire alarm signal
 Nearly 50% of the participants with mild to
severe hearing loss slept through the 3000 Hz
smoke alarm signal
 The higher 3000 Hz signal also was not as
effective at waking children
Why the change?
 People with hearing loss have
trouble hearing high frequencies
than low.
 The 520 Hz square wave signal
awoke nearly 100% of the
participants in the test.
 Low frequency signal is 6-10
times more effective than the
high frequency devices
06/22/16
Waking Effectiveness: High Risk Groups
-School aged children: Thirteen
percent of civilian fire fatalities in
residential buildings were under the
age of 10 1
-Alcohol/drug impaired: It’s
suspected that over 27% of civilian
fatalities in residential buildings are
linked to alcohol, drug or chemical
influence 1
-People with hearing loss: More
than 34.5 million people in the US
are hard of hearing 2
Sources:
1. USFA, Civilian Fire Fatalities in Residential buildings 2008-2010
Report
2. Working Effectiveness of alarms for adults who are hard of
hearing, NFPA Dorothy Bruck; Ian Thomas, June 2007
Why the change?
 Background:
 In the 1970s and early 1980s standard
horns were replaced with low-current
and more efficient high frequency
horns.
 When this happened some stated they
couldn’t hear the newer alarms as well.
 Both devices measured 85 decibels at
10 feet;
 The issue was the frequency, not the
sound output.
Why the change?
 Due to the results from the
Victoria University study, in
2006, the Fire Protection
Research Foundation (FPRF)
funded two additional research
studies on the issue
 Focus was on the effectiveness
of the 3000 Hz tone on high risk
groups
 Waking effectiveness of alarms and
adults who are hard of hearing
 Waking effectiveness of alarms for
the alcohol impaired
29
 06/22/16

FPRF Study FPRF Conclusions

 The studies tested six signals:  The low frequency signal with a
1. 400 Hz Square wave signal fundamental frequency of 520 Hz is the
most effective signal for waking people.
2. 520 Hz Square wave signal  Low frequency signal woke 92% between 55
3. 3000 Hz pure tone (standard) dBA and 75 dBA
4. Bed shaker (under mattress)  3000 Hz signal woke 56% between 55 dBA and
75 dBA
5. Pillow shaker
 The low frequency signal is superior to
6. Strobe light in T-3 pulse bed/pillow shakers and strobe lights.

Low Frequency Appliances Sounder Base Activation

In what occupancies will this apply? Frequently Asked Question

 Low frequency sounders will be required for new
fire alarm system installations in:
 Do low frequency sounders need to be
 Hotel/motels provided in the bedroom and the common
 Assisted living areas of a dwelling unit or just the
 Dormitories
bedrooms?
 Apartments
 Not required in:
 Hospitals*
 Nursing homes
 Prisons
 Child Care Centers

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 06/22/16

Frequently Asked Question Notification Appliances-Audible

 A.18.4.5.2 (13)-The intent of this section is to
require the low frequency signal in areas
intended for sleeping and areas that might
reasonably be used for sleeping. This would
require low frequency in the bedroom and the
living room area.
 Section 18.4.8-If ceiling heights allow, wall-
mounted audible appliances shall be not
less than 90 inches above the floor, but not
less than 6 inches below the finished
ceiling.

Notification Appliances-Visible Visible Appliances-Wall Mounted

 Section 18.5.4-Wall mounted visible appliances
shall be not less than 80 inches and not greater
than 96 inches above the finished floor
 Performance-based design option for spacing
and location
 Must be designed by a licensed engineer
 Number and placement depends on the room
size and light output of the strobe

Visible Appliances-Ceiling Mounted Visible Appliances-Sleeping Areas

31

Visible Strobes
 Visible appliances are installed in one of
two orientations:
 Wall mounted
 Ceiling mounted
 Strobes are listed for a certain orientation
and cannot be used interchangeably.
 Wall mounted strobes cannot be mounted on
the ceiling or vice versa.
Visible Alarm-Other
 18.4.10 Voice Intelligibility
 18.4.10.1 Acoustically
 18.4.10.2 ADS shall be identified
Audibility vs. Intelligibility
 Audibility – Can you hear the signal?
 Intelligibility – Can you understand the signal?
06/22/16
Incorrect Installations
Chapter 18 – Changes
distinguishable spaces (ADS) are
to be determined during design
of a voice notification system.
by the system designer as
needing or not needing voice
intelligibility.
Voice Alarm Messages
 Voice messages shall not be required to
meet the audibility requirements for public
mode signaling, but shall meet intelligibility
requirements.
 Chapter 14 does not require voice signals to be
measured for audibility.
 Sound produced from a voice system is
modulated and a meaningful measurement
cannot be determine.
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 06/22/16

Voice Alarm Systems Voice Alarm Systems-Office Building

 Areas that may not require voice Private Private

intelligibility (18.4.10.2.1): office
Common work area/cubicles
office

 Private office Private All areas (common area, private office, and Private
office bathrooms are considered an “acoustically office
 Private bathrooms; distinguishable space” or ADS.
 Mechanical/elevator equipment rooms or Private Private
office office
similar areas;
 Elevator cars Bathroom Private Private Private Private Bathroom
office office office office
 Kitchen/storage rooms/closets

Voice Alarm Systems-Office Building Voice Alarm Systems-Office Building

Private Private Private Private

office office office office
Common work area/cubicles
Common work area/cubicles
Private Private Private Private
Intelligibility Required Here Not necessarily required in
office office office office
Private Offices or bathrooms

Private Private Private Private

office office office office

Bathroom Private Private Private Private Bathroom Bathroom Private Private Private Private Bathroom
office office office office office office office office

Voice Alarm – Nightclub Example Chapter 18 – Changes

 18.5.2 Light Color and Pulse Characteristics
 18.5.2.4 Strobes for FIRE are to be clear or nominally
white
 18.5.2.5 Strobes for other than fire, or combination
use strobes, are to be clear, white or other color

33
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Chapter 21-Emergency Control

Functions/Interfaces Chapter 21
 Emergency Control Functions & Interfaces
 Previously titled “Fire Safety Functions”
 New Chapter-Relocated from Protected
Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Application
 General
 Elevator Recall for Firefighters’ Service
 Elevator Shutdown
 First Responders Use of Elevators

Chapter 21 Chapter 21 – Changes

 Elevators for Occupant-  21.5 First Responders Use of Elevators
Controlled Evacuation  All
elevator conditions are to be continuously
 HVAC Systems monitored and displayed at fire service interface
 Door Release Service  21.6 Elevators for Occupant-Controlled
 Electrically/Magnetically Evacuation
Locked Doors  Allelevator conditions are to be continuously
monitored
 Exit Marking Audible
 Status indicators to indicate availability
Notification Systems

Chapter 23 Chapter 23 (cont.)

 Protected Premises FA Systems  In-Building Fire Emergency Voice/Alarm
 Application Communications
 General  Prerecorded (Digital) Voice and Tone Fire Alarm
 System Features Systems
 Two-Way Communication Service
 System Performance & Integrity
 Signal Annunciation
 Performance for Initiating Device Circuits

 Performance for Signaling Line Circuits

 Performance for Notification Appliance Circuits

 System Requirements

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 06/22/16

Chapter 23 (cont.) Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems

 Suppression System Actuation
 23.3.2 Features of non-required systems
 Off-Premises Signals
shall be established by the system designer
 Guard’s Tour Supervisory Service
based on the goals and objectives of the
 Suppressed Signal Systems
system owner.
 Protected Premises Fire Safety
Functions  23.3.2.1-Non-required protected premises
 Special Requirements for Low- systems and components shall meet the
Power Radio (Wireless) Systems requirements of this Code.

Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems

 Dedicated Function Fire Alarm Systems  Dedicated Function Fire Alarm Systems
 New term in the 2007 Edition  Where codes, standards, or AHJs require
monitoring of specific functions, but do not require
 “A protected premises fire alarm system
a building fire alarm system, a dedicated function
installed specifically to perform fire safety
fire alarm system is appropriate.
function(s) where a building fire alarm system is
• Elevator recall
not required”
• Sprinkler system
 Intended to address “systems” where
• HVAC detectors
notification appliances and/or detectors are not
 Other functions of the fire alarm system are not
required by model codes
required.

Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Section 23.8.1.2-Systems may have a pre-signal  Pre-signal features (cont.):
feature when approved by the authority having
jurisdiction. • Requires human action to activate the
A pre-signal feature must meet the following general fire alarm (manual pull)
criteria: • Pre-signal should only be considered in
• FA sounds only in offices, control rooms, fire limited cases when approved by the AHJ
brigade stations or other constantly attended
location (no general evacuation throughout)
• Transmission to supervising station (when
required) shall commence upon activation from
the initial fire alarm signal

35

Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Section 23.8.1.3-Fire alarm systems
may utilize positive alarm sequencing
(PAS) when approved by the AHJ
 PAS must comply with the following:
FA signal must be acknowledged within 15
seconds of when the signal is received
If signal is not acknowledged within 15
seconds, notification signal and general
evacuation shall commence.
Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 PAS must comply with the following (cont.):
 If a second automatic fire detector is actuated
during the investigation (180 second) phase,
notification appliances and general evacuation
shall be activated.
 If any other FA initiating device is actuated
(manual pull), notification signals and evacuation
shall be activated
 The FA system shall provided a means for
bypassing the PAS
Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Annex Material-23.8.5.1.2
 Pull station is intended to provide a backup
means of communication with supervising
station when system is out of service.
 Because system is out of service, pull station
should be placed on a separate circuit that will
not be placed on test with the main FA system.
 Should be located around FACP or sprinkler
riser.
06/22/16
Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 PAS must comply with the following
(cont.):
If signal is acknowledged, a delay of the
evacuation signal of up to 180 seconds
begins for staff to investigate the source of
the alarm signal.
If FA system is not reset after 180 seconds
ends, notification appliances commence
and general evacuation shall begin.
Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Pull Station-Section 23.8.5.1.2*-New Language
 Where connected to a supervising station, FA
systems employing automatic detection or
water-flow monitoring shall include a manual
alarm box to initiate a signal at the supervising
station.
• Not required for elevator recall control and
supervisory control (duct detectors) dedicated
function fire alarm systems.
Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems
 Section 23.8.5.4-Fire alarm systems equipped
with alarm verification features shall be
permitted.
 Alarm verification feature-A feature of automatic
smoke detection and alarm systems to reduce
unwanted alarms where smoke detectors report
alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or
confirm alarm conditions within a given period of
time period after being reset in order to be
accepted as a valid alarm signal.
36
 06/22/16

Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems

 Alarm verification (cont.)  23.8.6.2 Notification Appliances

 Only applicable to smoke detectors  This section exempts visible signals and
 The feature may be a part of individual smoke
evacuation signaling in the following
detectors or part of the fire alarm control panel. locations:
• Exit stairwells
 See additional requirements in section
23.8.5.4.1 • Exit passageways
• Elevator cars

Chapter 24-Emergency Communication

Systems
Chapter 24

 Emergency Communication Systems (ECS)

 Application

 Purpose

 General

 One-Way Emergency Communication Systems

 Two-Way In-Building Emergency
Communication Systems

Emergency Communication Systems Emergency Communication Systems

 Air Force Civil Engineering
 Chapter was new in 2010 edition
came to NFPA looking for
 Chapter contains materials related to: guidance on mass notification
Emergency Voice Alarm Communication
systems (MNS)
 Project was assigned to NFPA 72
Systems
 Technical committee developed
Mass Notification Systems
 At the time there were no
national standards/guidelines
that addressed installation of
these systems.

37
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Emergency Communication Systems Microphone Use

 Section 24.3.1-Emergency communication  Section 24.3.2.1*-All users of systems that

systems shall be capable of reproduction of are equipped with a microphone for live
prerecorded, synthesized, or live messages voice announcements shall be provided
with voice intelligibility with posted instructions
 Can require alternate or additional languages
 Itis recommended speakers be distributed
around the building rather than high power
output of a few speakers.

Emergency Communication Systems Emergency Communication Systems

 24.3.4 Ancillary Functions  24.4.1.2.1-Voice evacuation
 Emergency Communication Systems may be used messages shall be preceded
for ancillary functions such as: and followed by a minimum
• General paging
of two cycles of the
emergency evacuation signal
• Background music
specified in section 18.4.2 (T3
• Non-emergency functions
pattern).
 Primary function (emergency notification) must  Goal is to get people’s attention
take precedence and cannot be compromised with the T3 pattern and then
move into the voice
instructions.

Voice Alarm in Sleeping Areas Chapter 26-Supervising Station FA Systems

 In occupancies where sleeping accommodations are

provided, a low-frequency tone shall be provided in
the sleeping areas that complies with chapter 18.
 In areas where sleeping accommodations are
provided, but message is communicated to those
awake (public, common areas, etc.), low frequency is
not required.

38

Chapter 26
 Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems
Application
General
Alarm Systems for Central Station Service
Proprietary Supervising Station Systems
Remote Supervising Station Systems
Communication Methods for Supervising
Station Alarm Systems
Fire Alarm Signal (Pre)Verification
 2010 Edition-Allows monitoring companies
to verify alarm signals for Remote Station
Service only before dispatching when
approved by the AHJ
 IAFC introduced proposal to NFPA 72 to
require verification on all fire alarm signals.
 IAFCproposal was modified
 Itwas allowed only for remote station when
approved by AHJ but verification cannot be
more than 90 seconds.
Confusing ?
 Caution: Do not confuse (smoke) alarm
verification (chapter 23) with alarm signal
pre-verification by the supervising station.
 Smoke Alarm Verification involves smoke
detectors and/or fire alarm control panels and
their response to alarm signals
 Alarm Signal Pre-Verification is referring to the
supervising station’s role in responding to fire
alarm signals from the protected premises.
06/22/16
Supervising Station Fire Alarm Systems
 Three options for monitoring a fire alarm
system
 Central
Station
 Proprietary
Supervising Station
 Remote Supervising Station
• Remote Station represents roughly 85-90% of all
monitored fire alarm systems (Source: AFAA)
Fire Alarm Signal (Pre)Verification
 2013 Edition-Alarm signal verification
was expanded to allow for all three
types of supervising stations (when
approved by the AHJ).
 Language changed from “Alarm Signal
Verification” to “Alarm Signal
Preverification”
Confusing ?
 2010/2013/2016 Editions
Pre-Alarm Signals (Chapter 10)
Smoke alarm verification (Chapter 23)
Pre-verification of fire alarm signals
(Chapter 26)
39

Supervising Station Alarm Systems
 26.2.1 Alarm Signal Disposition
Allalarms are required to be immediately
transmitted to the communication center
• Exception for pre-arranged test signals
and alarm signal pre-verification
This is not a new requirement but needs to
be reiterated due to widespread non-
compliance.
Supervising Station Alarm Systems
 Section 26.3.7.1.2-The central station shall
perform the following actions upon receipt of
an alarm signal:
 Immediately retransmit the alarm to the
communications center
 Dispatch a runner/technician to the protected
premises to arrive within 2 hours
 Immediately notify the subscriber
 Provide notice to the subscriber or AHJ, when
required
Supervising Station Alarm Systems
 Section 26.2.5.2-Any signal received at the
supervising station not repaired to normal
condition within 24 hours shall be
redisplayed to the supervising station
 Supervising station must then notify the
subscriber
 Exception: Scheduled impairments
06/22/16
Supervising Station Alarm Systems
 26.2.4 Alarm Signal Content-When
required by the AHJ, alarm signals
transmitted to a supervising station
shall be by addressable device or zone
identification (“Point ID”)
Supervising Station Alarm Systems
 Section 26.3.7.1.2-The central station shall
perform the following actions upon receipt of
an alarm signal:
 Immediately retransmit the alarm to the
communications center…
• The term “immediately” in this context is
intended to mean without unreasonable delay.
• Routine handling should not take longer than 90
seconds to transmit to the supervising station.
Supervising Station Alarm Systems
Section 26.2.7.4-The supervising
station shall notify the AHJ prior to
terminating service.
40
 06/22/16

Communication Methods Chapter 26 – Changes

 Requirements found in section 26.6 (both 2007 Communication Methods:

2010 and 2013)
 Active Multiplex  1-Way Radio
 Section contains approved methods for
 DACTs  Direct Connect
transmitting the fire alarm signal from the
protected premises to the supervising  McCulloh  Private Microwave
station  2-Way Radio  Other Technologies

Chapter 26 – Changes Chapter 26 – Changes

2010 Communication Methods 2010 Communication Methods

 Active Multiplex  1-Way Radio
 DACTs  Direct Connect  DACTs  1-Way Radio
 McCulloh  Private Microwave
 2-Way Radio  Other Technologies  2-Way Radio  Other Technologies

Chapter 26 – Supervising Station Supervising Station FA Systems

 26.6.2 Communication Methods  2010 Edition
26.6.2 General  Section 26.6.3.1.4.1-Where only one
26.6.3.2.1 DACTs
communications technology is used, any
failure of the communication path shall be
26.6.3.3 Radio
annunciated at the supervising station
• 26.6.3.3.2 One-Way Radio within 5 minutes of the failure.
• 26.6.3.3.1 Two-Way Radio  The transmission path
shall be monitored

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Supervising Station FA Systems
 2010 Edition
 Section 26.6.3.1.4.2-Where two or more
transmission methods are used (DACTs), the
following requirements shall be met:
 Both transmission methods shall be monitored.
 Failure of any of the communications path shall
be annunciated at the supervising station and the
protected premises at intervals of not more than
every 24 hours.
Supervising Station FA Systems
 2013 Edition (cont.)-For single transmission
technology, failure of the communications path
shall be annunciated at the supervising station
and the protected premises at intervals of not
more than every 60 minutes.
 Why the change from 5 minutes to 60 minutes?
 More FA are utilizing IP to monitor system and when
IT departments shut down internet for service it was
initiating trouble signals at panel.
Supervising Station FA Systems
 Section 26.6.3.1.10-The maximum duration
between the initiation of an alarm signal at
the protected premises, transmission of
the signal, and receipt of the signal at the
supervising station shall not exceed 90
seconds.
06/22/16
Supervising Station FA Systems
 2013 Edition
 Section 26.6.3.1.5-Where a single transmission
path is used, the following requirements shall
be met:
 The transmission method shall be monitored.
 Failureof any of the communications path shall
be annunciated at the supervising station and the
protected premises at intervals of not more than
every 60 minutes.
Supervising Station FA Systems
 2013 Edition
 Section 26.6.3.1.6-Where multiple
transmission paths are used (DACTs), the
following requirements shall be met:
 Both transmission methods shall be monitored.
 Failure of any of the communications path shall
be annunciated at the supervising station and the
protected premises at intervals of not more than
every 6 hours.
Office Burn Video
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Chapter 26 – Changes Active vs. Passive Methods

 Active = More Reliable
 26.6.3.1.15 Secondary Power
 The communications method indicates
 Secondary power supplies for communication at the supervising station quickly when
methods need to match the requirements for the communications pathway is
secondary power for the rest of the fire alarm interrupted
system (24 hours).  Ex: Cell, Radio, IP Communications

 Passive = Less Reliable

 Caution: Many power supplies for the
 The communications method does not
communication method will not meet this
indicate when it is down; discovery is
requirement. only when attempts are made to use it
 Ex: DACTs

Chapter 26 – DACTS DACT Background & History

 Definition: Digital Alarm Communicator  First introduced in the 1980s.
Transmitter (DACT)  Determined (twice!) by TC to be
 A system component at the protected unreliable.
premises to which initiating devices or  DACT proponents were successful
groups of devices are connected. The DACT on the third attempt to get into
seizes the connected telephone line, dials a the standard, but with
preselected number to connect to a DACR, precautions for redundancy.
and transmits signals indicating status  Uses plain-old telephone service
change of the initiating device (NFPA 72) (POTS) phone lines

DACT Background & History DACT Background & History

 DACTs are to be connected to the public
switched telephone network ahead of any
customer owned equipment
 Must be ahead for any private-branch exchange
(PBX) phone networks
 Connection needs to be on a loop start POTS
(plain old telephone service) telephone line.
Regulated by phone company
Regulated by NFPA 72
 Ground start is not permitted.
Regulated by NFPA 72  Firepanel should not have to dial “9” to get an
outside line.

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DACT Background & History DACT Background & History

 DACTs need to do the  Transmission channels for
following when sending a DACTs
signal:  First channel must be a
loop start POTS (copper)
 Seizethe telephone line
telephone line.
 Disconnect any other uses of the
 Second channel could be
phone line
either another telephone
 No public telephone lines
line, cellular telephone
 No requirement for a service, radio, or IP.
dedicated phone line.

DACT Background & History DACT Background & History

 Use two end-to-end copper POTS  Original concept of redundancy
telephone lines
 Connect to the fire alarm system via
a RJ-31X jack
To the Line 1 Line 2 To the
phone phone
company company

• Original intent was to have phone lines on opposite ends

DACT Requirements Frequently Asked Question

 Section A DACT must have means to reset  Can non-traditional phone service
and retry if the first attempt to dial out is (fiber-optic or broadband) be used
unsuccessful. with a DACT?
 Additional attempts shall be made to redial
and transmit the fire alarm signal
A minimum of 5 attempts and a maximum of
10.

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Frequently Asked Question Chapter 26 – DACTs

 Can non-traditional phone service (fiber-  Option 1

optic or broadband) be used with a DACT?  Using telephone company fiber optic
 ANSWER: Yes, as long as the service is  Regular telephone company fiber optic lines
provided through a managed facilities-  CODEC fiber optic lines is the same as end-to-end
based voice network (MFVN) copper lines
 All equipment is telephone company owned

 PROBLEM: Standby power supplies are generally only

8 hours, not 24 hours

Fiber-optic Connection Chapter 26 – DACTs

Phone Company
 Option 2
 Cable company broadband
 Cable company telephone service
Exterior Phone Connection
 CODEC is usually compatible with telephone
company standards
Line 1  PROBLEM: Some equipment may be customer
Line 2 To owned
Phone
Comp.  PROBLEM: Standby power supplies are generally 8
(MFVN) hours, not 24 hours

Broadband Connection Only 1 transmission line Broadband Connection

from the protected
Cable Company premises Cable Company
Cable box inside protected Cable box inside protected
premises premises
Exterior cable Exterior cable
box attached to box attached to
building building

Line 1 Line 1

Line 2 To Cable Line 2 To Cable

Comp. Comp.
(MFVN) (MFVN)

Exterior cable box Exterior cable box

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Chapter 26 – DACTs Chapter 26 – DACTs

 Using VoIP telephonic pathways  Using VoIP telephonic pathways

 Service similar to “Vonage”, “Magic Jack”, or
“Ooma”.
 PROBLEM: Lines are generally not compatible
with telephone company equipment.
 PROBLEM: Equipment is customer owned.
 Service similar to “Vonage”, “Magic Jack”, or
“Ooma”.
 PROBLEM: Lines are generally not compatible
with telephone company equipment.
 PROBLEM: Equipment is customer owned.

 PROBLEM: Standby power is generally non-  PROBLEM: Standby power is generally non-
existent. existent.

Chapter 26 – The Future of DACTs?

 The second line on a

DACT must be a different
technology (i.e. radio, IP)
 Exc. When approved by
AHJ
 If there are two
telephone lines on a
DACT, time tests must be
every 6 hours.

Chapter 26 – DACTs

 With each passing day, more and more

communications services migrate to
broadband and IP-based services, leaving
the public switched telephone network and
plain-old telephone service as relics of a by-
gone era.
 AT&T Filing to the FCC, 21 Dec. 2009

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Chapter 26 – Alternatives IP-DACTs

 Radio
 AES Intellinet  FAQ-Does an IP-DACT have to meet the
 GSM same requirements as a DACT?
 Alarm Net
 IP Communications
 Firelite “IP-DACT”
 Honeywell “IP-DACT”
 Cellular
 cellular communicator

IP-DACTs
 FAQ-Does an IP-DACT have to meet the same
requirements as a DACT?
 ANSWER: No; IP-DACTs connect to the DACT
output of the FACP and convert the outgoing
signal to IP. As such, they are considered to
use IP technology in their connection to the IP
network. They are therefore subject to the
performance based design requirements of
section 26.6.3.1 (not section 26.6.3.2 for
DACTs)
Chapter 27
 Public Emergency Alarm
Reporting Systems
 Primarily used in the NE part of
the country
 Chapter provides requirements
for publicly accessible alarm
boxes installed throughout a
community
• Boxes are connected to a
receiving location that is owned
and operated by the public
authority.

Chapter 29 Smoke Alarms & Household FA Systems

 Single & Multiple Station Alarms and  Equipment

Household Fire Alarm Systems Performance
 Application  Installation
 Purpose
 Optional Functions
 Basic Requirements
 Maintenance and Tests
 Assumptions
 Detectionand Notification  Markings and
 Power Supplies Instructions

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Chapter 29 – Changes Correct smoke alarm location?

 Section 29.3.8.1 Is this in the “immediate vicinity” of the sleeping room?
 Chapter 29 TC took a different approach than (NFPA 72 (02) 11.5.1.1)
Chapter 18 TC on low frequency smoke alarms
 Smoke alarms with low frequency are only
required for those with mild to severe hearing
loss. Bedroom
 Must have a square wave frequency of 520 Hz.

This was clarified in the 2007 edition of NFPA 72:

“Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleeping area,
within 21 feet of any door to a sleeping room, with
distance measured along path of travel” (29.5.1.1)
Bedroom
Household Fire Warning Equipment
 Section 29.8.1.4 #5(b)
 Continues language requiring smoke alarms in
one & two family dwellings to be replaced
after 10 years or when they fail to operability
test.

Household Fire Warning Equipment Household Fire Warning Equipment

 Section 29.8.3.4 #4
 Section 29.8.3.4 (cont.)
 Smoke alarms shall not be
installed within 10 feet of  Smoke alarms/detectors shall not be installed
stationary cooking within 3 feet of bathrooms with a shower/tub
appliances unless listed for  Smoke alarms/detectors shall not be installed
close proximity to cooking
appliances within 3 feet of ceiling fans
 Smoke alarms installed
between 10-20 feet must
have a silencing button

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Chapter 29 & NFPA 720 Contact Information

 Proposal for the 2019 edition is to add NFPA 720 John.Swanson@state.mn.us
(CO detection and warning systems) into NFPA 72 952-261-5854
(NFPA 720 would discontinue).
 Discussion also includes removing chapter 29 E-mail is preferred option so I can attach code
from NFPA 72 and creating a separate standard
for single/multiple station smoke/CO alarms sections, if necessary
 Rational for change: single & multiple station smoke/CO
alarms are not “fire alarm systems” Will do my best to get back to you in less than 24
 Proposal is to create a new NFPA standard for single & hours.
multiple station smoke alarms and carbon monoxide
alarms (currently in NFPA 720).
 Stay tuned…

2016 Fire Safety Symposium

Thank you for Coming!

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