Lecture: Busbar, Line and Feeder

Protection
Protection of Busbar Feeders &
Transmission Lines
Protection of Busbar Feeders &
Transmission Lines
Requirements of Line Protection
 The CB nearest to the fault should open.
 All other CBs remain in a closed position.
 If nearest CB fails to open, back up protection should be
provided.
 The relay operating time should be just as short as
possible.
Time Graded Over Current Protection
Radial Feeders
 Power can flow only in one direction.
 Generator to supply end.
 Continuity of supply cannot be maintained.
 Time graded protection is used by using
1. Definite time relays. 2. Inverse time relays.
 Back up protection is available.
Definite Time Relays
 Time of operation of each relay is fixed.
 Independent of the operating current.
 Relay ‘D’ has operating time of 0.5 sec.
 Time delay is increased by 0.5 sec.
 The fault is cleared by Relay-CB at ‘D’.
 If ‘D’ fails ‘C’ will clear the fault.
 Tripping time at supply end becomes high.
Inverse Time Relays
 Operating time is inversely proportional to the operating
current T 1/If.
 IDMT relays used.
Parallel Feeders
Parallel Feeder Protection
 Where continuity of supply required.
 Increase transmission capacity.
 If fault occur, one feeder continuity from other feeder.
 NDR at source end-Inverse time characteristic.
 DR at load end-Instantaneous characteristic.
 Grade the time setting of relays.
Parallel Feeder Protection
If earth fault occurs on feeder 1, it is desired that only CB at
‘A’ and ‘P’ should open, to clear the fault. Whereas feeder 2
remain intact to maintain continuity of supply.
 Relay ‘A’ operates, ‘B’ does not operate.
 Relay ‘P’ operates. ‘Q’ does not operate.
Ring Main System
Ring Main Protection

 4 S/S inter connected like a closed ring.

 NDR at generator end… A and J.

 DR at S/S I/O end, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I.

 Damaged section can be repaired.

 Power supply from both ends.

 Time grading of relays in both directions i.e. 0.5 sec.

Distance Protection
3-Zone Protection
The Protection of Two Parallel Feeders
Requires
 Two directional relay.
 Two non-directional relays.
 Two directional and two non-directional relays.