General explaining

1. In order to

2. In other words

3. To put it another way

4. That is to say

5. To that end

Adding additional information to support a point

6. Moreover

7. Furthermore

8. What’s more

9. Likewise

10. Similarly

11. Another key thing to remember

12. As well as

13. Not only… but also

15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast

17. However

18. On the other hand

19. Having said that

20. By contrast/in comparison

21. Then again

22. That said

 HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY

1. Make sure you understand the task and the genre of writing (e.g. essay, email, etc.).

2. In a short essay of 200 words, if you go over 200 words, make sure it’s only 10% over
the required amount (220 words max). Try not to write fewer than 200 words.

3. Organize your essay in paragraphs (e.g. introductory paragraph, paragraphs to cover

the bullet points, and concluding paragraph). Answer every question from the task.
You don’t have to answer them in order, just ANSWER ALL!

4. Do not forget to separate the paragraphs (e.g. indent or one-line space). Don’t just
write one paragraph that isn’t organized into cohesive units.

5. Make sure your handwriting is as clear as possible so the exam graders can read your
composition.

6. When writing your composition, keep in mind all the graded features (grammar,
written accuracy, spelling and paragraphing, vocabulary, style and cohesive devices,
and communicative effectiveness).

7. Most questions ask you what your opinion is about a certain topic. If they do, make
sure you make your opinion very clear throughout your essay.

8. Keep it simple. The examiers know you only have less than an hour and do not expect
a masterpiece. Don’t overthink it. Often th ebest answers are the simplest ones.

Wrong — incorrect, inaccurate, mistaken, erroneous, improper, unsuitable

Use — employ, utilize, exhaust, spend, expend, consume, exercise
True — accurate, right, proper, precise, exact, valid, genuine, real, actual, trusty, steady, loyal,
Think — judge, deem, assume, believe, consider, contemplate, reflect,
Tell — disclose, reveal, show, expose, uncover, relate, narrate, inform, advise, explain, declare, command, order,
repeat
Show — display, exhibit, present, note, point to, indicate, explain, reveal, prove, demonstrate, expose
Say/Tell — inform, notify, advise, relate, recount, narrate, explain, reveal, disclose, declare, command, order, bid,
enlighten, instruct, insist, direct, issue, remark, speak, affirm, suppose, express, verbalize, voice, articulate, pronounce,
deliver
Right — correct, accurate, factual, true, good, just, honest, upright, lawful, moral, proper, suitable, apt, legal, fair
Put — place, set, attach, establish, assign, keep, save, set aside, effect, achieve, do, build
Place — space, area, spot, plot, region, location, situation, position, residence, set, site, station, status, state
Make — create, originate, invent, beget, form, construct, design, fabricate, manufacture, produce, build, develop, do,
effect, execute, compose, perform, accomplish, earn, gain, obtain, acquire, get
Look — gaze, see, glance, watch, survey, study, seek, search for, peek, peep, glimpse, stare, contemplate, examine,
gape, ogle, scrutinize, inspect, leer, behold, observe, view, witness, perceive, spy, sight, discover, notice, recognize,
peer, eye, gawk, peruse, explore
Important — necessary, vital, critical, indispensable, valuable, essential, significant, primary, principal, considerable,
famous, distinguished, notable, well-known
Idea — thought, concept, conception, notion, understanding, opinion, plan, view, belief
Help — aid, assist, support, encourage, back, wait on, attend, serve, relieve, succor, benefit, befriend, abet
Have — hold, possess, own, contain, acquire, gain, maintain, believe, bear, beget, occupy, absorb, fill, enjoy
Get — acquire, obtain, secure, procure, gain, fetch, find, score, accumulate, win, earn, rep, catch, net, bag, derive,
collect, gather, glean, pick up, accept, come by, regain, salvage
End — stop, finish, terminate, conclude, close, halt, cessation, discontinuance
Do — execute, enact, carry out, finish, conclude, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain
Describe — portray, characterize, picture, narrate, relate, recount, represent, report, record
Begin — start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate
Answer — reply, respond, retort, acknowledge
Ask– — question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect, inquire, query,
interrogate, examine, quiz
agastopia
n. – admiration of a particular part of someone’s body

bibble
v. – to drink often; to eat and/or drink noisily

cabotage
n. – coastal navigation; the exclusive right of a country to control the air
traffic within its borders

doodle sack
n. – old English word for bagpipe

erinaceous
adj. – of, pertaining to, or resembling a hedgehog

firman
n. – in Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate
issued by the sovereign

gabelle
n. – a tax on salt

halfpace
n. – a platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the
reverse direction of the lower flight

impignorate
v. – to pawn or mortgage something

jentacular
adj. – pertaining to breakfast

kakorrhaphiophobia
n. – fear of failure

lamprophony
n. – loudness and clarity of enunciation

macrosmatic
adj. – having a good sense of smell
nudiustertian
n. – the day before yesterday

oxter
n. – outdated word meaning “armpit”

pauciloquent
adj. – uttering few words; brief in speech

quire
n. – two dozen sheets of paper

ratoon
n. – small shoot growing from the root of a plant

salopettes
n. – high-waisted skiing pants with shoulder straps

tittynope
n. – a small quantity of something left over

ulotrichous
adj. – having wooly or crispy hair

valetudinarian
n. – a sickly or weak person, especially one who is constantly and
morbidly concerned with his or her health

winklepicker
n. – style of shoe or boot in the 1950s with a sharp and long pointed toe

xertz
v. – to gulp down quickly and greedily

yarborough
n. – hand of cards containing no card above a nine

zoanthropy
n. – delusion of a person who believes himself changed into an animal
Why are there no 'B' batteries?

If a jogger runs at the speed of sound, can he still hear his iPod?

If man evolved from monkeys, how come we still have monkeys?

Do vegetarians eat animal crackers?

If God sneezes, what should you say?

If a baby's leg pops out at 11:59PM but his head doesn't come out until
12:01, which day was he born on?

If a mime is arrested, do they tell him he has a right to talk?

Is there a time limit on fortune cookie predictions?

When does it stop being partly cloudy and start being partly sunny?

Is it rude for a deaf person to talk (sign) with their mouth full of food?

Can a short person "talk down" to a taller person?

Why is vanilla ice cream white when vanilla extract is brown?

What do you do when you see an endangered animal that is eating an

endangered plant?

What is a picture of a thousand words worth?

Adding a proviso or acknowledging
reservations
24. Despite this

25. With this in mind

26. Provided that

27. In view of/in light of

28. Nonetheless

29. Nevertheless

Giving examples
31. For instance

32. To give an illustration

Signifying importance
33. Significantly

34. Notably

35. Importantly

Summarising
36. In conclusion

37. Above all

38. Persuasive

39. Compelling

40. All things considered