PHILOSOPHY REVIEWER

LESSON 1 : Introduction
Philosophy
 Is the painstaking discussion of questions
 Method for asking questions, it is engangement in search
for the meaning in life
 System of beliefs about reality
 REALITY means EVERYTHING EXIST
 Derived from the Greek Words “_______” and “_______” , that
means “______” + “______”
 = “Love of Wisdom”
 “_______” was the one who created the word “Philosopher”
which means “________”
 Philosophers are once called “______”
 “_______” was the first philosopher
 “Things appear to be ever changing but is there something
about them that does not change”
 The answer to his philosophical question is “_____”

Principles of Philosophy
 ”_______” is the MAIN principle of Philosophy
 The Principle of Identity means everything that “_____”,
“_____” and everything that “_____” , “_____”
 In “N_n-C_ntr_d_ct__ n” , an object can’t be both existing
and non-existing
  The principle of Philosophy that states that, “Humans can’t
be in existence, and non-existence and there’s no middle
ground”. “_____”
 The principle of Sufficient Reason states that, “We can’t do
or say anything without an adequate ______ at all”
The Five Main Branches of Philosophy
 M_T_PHYS_CS
 Study of Reality
 Answers the question “What is”
 One of the bases of Philosophy

 _P_ST_M_L_GY
 Study of the method of acquiring knowledge
 Answers the question “How do we know”

 _TH_CS
 Study of right and wrong
 Answers the question “What do I do”
 Good or Bad

 P_L_T_CS
 Ethics applied to a group of people in a society

 __STH_T_CS
 Study of Art
LESSON 2:
“It is the very nature of Philosophy that man searches
for the meaning of himself and his world”
-CORAZON CRUZ 1987

 SEEK FOR THE TRUTH, NOT JUST OPINION

 OPINIONS are expressions of a person’s thoughts that is
neither 100% true nor 100% false
 ENCOURAGE = POSITIVE CRITICISM
 DISCOURAGE = NEGATIVE CRITICISM

STEPS IN DOING PHILOSOPHY (Arrange)

1. Philosophical Criticism and Reflection
2. Suggesting hypothesis
3. Know the issue or Problem
4. Arranging and assessing Data
5. Conclusion
6. Testing hypothesis

The Methods of Doing Philosophy

  Methodic Doubt
 Organized proccess of Doubting
 The greatest truth not just for doubting

 Logic
 Argument that supports a conclusion
 “______” Argument where the premises guarantee the
truth of conclusion with certainty
 “______” Argument where the premises guarantee the
truth of conclusion with probability

 Dialectic
 Present the solution and argument to others
 Criticized by other philosophers

 Phenomenology
 “Phenomena” - “________” + “Study” - “_______”
 = “Study of _______”

 Practical Philosophy
 “M_d_rn” Philosophy
 Finding the rightness in life
 Emotions

LESSON 3: The Human as an Embodied Soul

“The most difficult in life is to know yourself“
– THALES OF MILETUS

Karl Rhaner – Theologian - Philosopher

 The Human “_____” and “_____” are united as one.
 Mencius
 God is good and so the human is Good
 “____” is the proof that our destination is towards God
 Hinduism & Buddhism
 Perfection and Redemption
 Spiritual Liberation

 Philosophical Anthropology
 Philosophy of Man
 Methods
1. Material World of Nature
2. Intra-mental realities
3. The social world intersubjectivity
 Origin
 Meaning of Existence
 Termination of existence
 Sociability – possibility of sharing something like
knowledge
MONISM & DUALISM
  Monism holds that man is composed of ONE BASIC
SUBSTANCE or the principle of ground of reality
 Reality of Man
 The physical is very important
 Dualism holds that man is made up of the irreducible
elements matter & spirit
 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
 Body (Sarx)
 Soul (Psyche)
 Spirit (Pneuma)
1. Body
2. Will, Mind, Emotions
3. Spirit
 Think, dream,imagine,memorize,reason
 QUALIA first experience

 Philosophy of Mind
 RENE DESCARTES
- Father of Modern Philosophy
- “I think therefore I am” = “_______”
- “_____” = Doubt
 GREEK
- Earth is a place of “M_______” and “P______”
- “S_______ World”
 - The physical world is “E___”
- “P______” body is a hindrance graveyard, prison, cell
of soul
- “ESCHATON” = “_______” is the gathering of
redeemed people on redeemed earth in perfected
fellowship with God
 CHRISTIAN
- Heaven
- The “H_____” is God’s creature and salvation is
achieved through God’s coming to Man’s Earth
- The world id God’s world
 HINDUS
- Heaven = “S_____ _____”
 TAOIST & BUDDHISM
- Tao & Enlightenment
 HEBREW
- Earth is the place of God’s activity
- Follow God
- Humans need to know the reality of life

LESSON 4: Western & Eastern Philosophy

WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
 Uncovering TRUTH through systematic argumentation
and theory
 Reason OVER Faith
 “S_ph_st” were are important group that emerged
influence learning in Greece
- Excellent public speakers
- They always win with each argument
 “P______” are the people against Sophists.
 Stoicism
- Zeno of Cyprus
- Calmness and Moderation in Life

 Scholasticism
- St. Thomas Aquinas
- Science + Religion / Logic + Faith = Greatest Truth

 Humanism
- Reality
- Petrarch
- Reason & Critical thinking in Society

 Rationalism
- Rene Descartes
- Reason + Experience = Knowledge

 Empiricism
- George Berkeley
- Sense + Experience = Knowledge
 Existentialism
 - Reason and Meaning

 Pragmatism
- Application
- Practical use of ideas and knowledge

 Absurdism
- Go with the flow

 PYTHAGORAS OF CROTON
- Pythagorean Theory
- Established community of learners

 HERACLITUS
- Proposed that everything that exist is based on a
higher order plan called “L____”
- Change is permanent
- “No man steps on the same river twice”

 DEMOCRITUS
- “A____”

 DIOGENES OF SINOPE
- Simple and Virtuos life
- Vocal critic of Plato and Aristotle
- School of thoughts
 EPICURUS
- Epicureanism
- Wisdom and Simple living

 SOCRATES
- Foremost Philosopher
- Not wise but “M_____”
- Socratic Method is about examining a topic by
devising a series of questions.

 PLATO
- Student of Socrates
- Perception = Explanation of Ideas
- Theory of FORMS
- He founded the Academy

 ARISTOTLE
- Attended the Academy
- Student of Plato
- Everything that exists is based on perception and
our reality is based on what we can “s_ns_” and
“p_rc__ve”
  ARCHIMEDES
- Modern Calculus
- Invented the Archidemes screw, pulleys, claws &
levers

EASTERN PHILOSOPHY
 Consist of School of Thoughts closely tied with Religious
beliefs
 Goal is to achieve a balance life and find one’s role in
society
 Hinduism
- Oldest
- Vedas = Bible
- Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma
- Moksha = Actions , Dharma = Duties, Kharma =
Effect, Samsara = Rebirth
- Caste System
- Brahmins = Priest, Kshatriyas = Warriors, Vai syas =
Merchants , Sudras = Farmers, Dalit =
Untouchables
 Buddhism
-
 Islam
 Confucianism
 Jainism
 Judaism
 Taoism
 Shinto