LABORATORY MANUAL

14CV35 – BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

(LAB COMPONENT)
III Semester B.E. Civil Engineering

Prepared By:
Mahesh Kumar C.L.
And
Sushmitha
ASSITANT PROFESSOR

Department of Civil Engineering

Approved by
DR. BHARATHI GANESH
Prof. and Head

Department of Civil Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Govindapura, Gollahalli, P.B.No. 6429,
Yelahanka, Bangalore – 560064
Karnataka, India.
Phone: 080-22167826
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Department of Civil Engineering

Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore

Vision of NMIT
To provide India and the World, technical manpower of the highest academic
excellence and world class by shaping our youth through holistic and integrated education of
the highest quality.

Mission of the Institution NMIT

To develop Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology through Quality, Innovative and
State-of-art educational initiatives into a centre of academic excellence that will turn out
youth with well balanced personality & commitment to rich cultural heritage of India and
who will successfully face the Scientific and Technological challenges in the fast-evolving
Global scenario with a high degree of credibility, integrity and ethical standards

Vision – Civil Dept

To be one among the topnotch Civil Engineering departments in India, create Centre
of Excellence, to provide globally competent Civil Engineering graduates serving the needs
of the society and sustainable development.
Mission – Civil Dept
 M1: To create atmosphere for teaching and continuous learning, research,
consultancy and developmental activities, through excellent teaching, research and
state-of-the-art infrastructure.
 M2:To impart professionalism among students, through Industry Institute Interaction.
 M3:To imbibe leadership quality, professional ethics, environmental consciousness
and social responsibilities, to serve the society through co-curricular and extra-
curricular activities.
Programme Educational Objectives
Civil Engineering Graduates will
 PEO1: Excel to take up challenging professional roles successfully in industry or be
successful entrepreneurs to create sustainable built environment.
 PEO2: Pursue higher education and involve in research with zeal for life long
learning.
 PEO3: Demonstrate leadership qualities, excellent communication skills, ethical
values and environmental awareness, to serve the society.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

Civil Engineering graduates will
 PSO1: Identify the field problems, formulate, adopt codal provisions and design
Civil Engineering structures.
 PSO2: Identify and utilize the latest Materials and Technologies, contributing to
sustainable, energy efficient and environmental friendly construction

BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

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(LAB COMPONENT)
Course Code 14CV35 Credits 4
Hours/Week (L-T-P) 03-02-0 CIE Marks 50
Total Hrs 39L+0T+26P SEE Marks 50
Exam Hrs 03 Course Type Engg Core
COURSE OUTCOMES

Course Outcomes
1. Perform tension and compression test in the laboratory. (L4)
2. Perform Torsion test on Mild Steel circular sections in the laboratory (L4)
3. Perform impact and Hardness test on metals (L4)
4. Perform flexure and shear test in the laboratory (L4)

LABORATORY EXERCISES
PART-A- (xx Hrs)
SINO
1 Experiment -1 : Compressive test on Bricks
2 Exercise-2 : Water absorption test of bricks
3 Exercise-3 : Initial and Final Setting time on Cement
4 Exercise-4: Soundness test and Specific gravity of Cement
5 Exercise-5: Fineness Test and Standard consistency of Cement
6 Exercise-4: Compressive Strength on Cement

LABORATORY ASSESMENT METHOD

REFERENCE BOOKS
Davis, Troxell and Hawk, “Testing of Engineering Materials”, International Student Edition, McGraw Hill Book
Co. New Delhi.
Surya Narayana A K, “Testing of Metallic Materials”, BS Publication, 2nd Edition(2007).
Relevant IS Codes
Kukreja C B- Kishore K, “Material Testing Laboratory Manual”, Ravi Chawla, Standard Publishers, 4th
Edition(2015)
REFERENCE CODES
IS 3495 – part(3)-1992: Methods of Tests of Burnt Clay Building Brick
IS 4031-1988: Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement

ONLINE RESOURCES
Compressive strength of brick https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIgaOSFJdv4
Water absorption test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVibXq8hGnU
Initial and final setting time of cement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZHf90PSaac
Soundness test of cement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=je5ztHs9tII
Compressive strength of cement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWhHEh-27J4

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INDEX

Name of Experiment
S. No. Page No

1 Tension Test on  Mild steel 6 -7
2 Compression test on Mild steel 8–9
3 Impact Test on Mild steel
4 Hardness Test on Mild Steel (Rock well ) 10-11
5 Torsion Test on Metals  
6 Flexural Test on Tiles 12-14

INTRODUCTION

The behavior and properties of basic materials, e.g. aggregates, cement, bricks, tiles and steel can
be better understood by detailed, well-designed, firsthand experience with these materials. The
students will become familiar with the nature and properties of these materials by conducting
laboratory tests.
These tests have been selected to illustrate the basic properties and methods of testing of cement,
aggregates, paste, mortar, concrete, and steel. Test procedures, sometimes simplified because of
time limitation, are mostly those outlined by the Indian Standards.

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LABORATORY REGULATIONS

1. Lab Uniform & covered shoes are mandatory.

2. Do clean the lab equipments after the experiments before leaving the lab.
3. Do not misuse the lab equipments.
4. Do handle the equipments carefully.
5. Do maintain discipline in the lab.

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Submission
date with
Conducted Faculty
Sl No List of The Experiments marks
date Signature
(10)

Tests On Tiles, Bricks and Steel

1 Compression test on Mild steel

2 Tension Test on  Mild steel

3 Impact Test on Mild steel

4 Hardness Test on Mild Steel (Rock well )

5 Torsion Test on Mild Steel
6 Flexural Test on Tiles

Experiment
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
No.
1) Which mechanical properties are determined in the strength of materials
laboratory?
2) Define a) stress, b) strain, c) young’s modulus
3) State the reason why tension test is proffered to compression test for
1 determining the modulus of Elasticity.
4) State Hooke’s Law.
5) Explain the terms a) gauge length, b) Elastic limit, c) Proportionality limit, d)
yield point, e) Ultimate load &breaking load.

1) What is compression? What is difference b/w compression and tension?

2) Why a short specimen should be used in compression test?
2
3) Name the device used to measure deformation in tension And compression tests.
Define a) Elastic limit, b) Flexural Rigidity
1) What is Flexural strength?
3 2) What is the purpose to know the flexural strength of a tile
3) How load is applied on the specimen in flexural test?

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1) What are the different impact types of impact tests can be conducted on mild
steel.
4
2) Why is notch provided in the specimen for impact test.
3) What is the necessity to conduct impact test?
1) What are the different hardness testing methods on mild steel?
2) What is static loading and dynamic loading applied to hardness test?
5 3) What are the types of indentors used in hardness tests?
4) What is the purpose of applying minor loading case of following materials?
5) How hardness is related to tensile strength of a material?
1) Distinguish b/w compression and tension
2) What is standard size of brick?
6 3) How do we calculate compression strength of brick?
What is the equipment used to test the compression test?

Name & Signature of Faculty In-Charge Head of the Department

Experiment No: 1 Date:

Title: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST ON BRICK

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Objective: To determine Compressive Strength of brick

Reference : IS-3495-part1-1992

Theory:
Bricks are used in construction of either load bearing walls or in portion walls in case of
frame structure. In load bearing walls total weight from slab and upper floor comes directly
through brick and then it is transferred to the foundation. In case the bricks are loaded with
compressive nature of force on other hand in case of frame structure bricks are used only for
construction of partition walls, layers comes directly on the lower layers or wall. In this case
bricks are loaded with compressive nature of force. Hence for safety measures before using the
bricks in actual practice they have to be tested in laboratory for their compressive strength.
The dimension of brick is usually with L>B≥H. The brick is placed with the face along
length (bed horizontal), hence the area of brick supporting the load is L*B. The brick is subjected
to compression by the force to surface along length horizontal. The compressive force required to
crush the brick is the ultimate compressive strength.

The usual crushing strength of common hand molded well burnt bricks is at 5 to 10
N/mm2 varying according to the nature of preparation of the clay. Pressed and machine molded
bricks made of thoroughly plugged clay are much stronger than common hand molded bricks
made from carelessly prepared clay.

The brick is subjected to compressive force in compression machine till brick crushes.
The force required to crush the brick gives the ultimate compressive strength.

Compressive Strength =

Figure:

A: Length; B: Width; C: Height

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Apparatus: A Compressive testing machine, Bricks, Venire Caliper, ply wood cover etc.

Procedure:
1. Take 5 Bricks and remove unevenness observed in the bed faces to provide two smooth and
parallel faces by grinding.
2. Measure it’s all dimensions. (L X B X H)
3. Fill the frog ( where provided ) and all voids in the bed face flush with cement mortar ( 1
cement, 1 clean course sand of grade 3mm )
4. Store under the bricks for 24 hours.
5. place the specimen with flat faces horizontal and mortar filled face facing upwards between
the two plywood sheet each 3 mm thickness and carefully centered between plates of the testing
machine.
6. Apply load axially of a uniform rate.
7. Note down the load at failure. That load shall be the maximum load at which the specimen
fails to produce any further increase in the indicator reading on the testing machine.

[Note: In place of plywood sheets plaster of Paris may be used to ensure a uniform surface for
application of load.]

Result: The average compressive strength of new brick sample is found to be ………….
N/mm2

[Note:
1) Measure the dimensions of Brick accurately
2) Specimen should be placed on the of lower plate
3) The range of the gauge fitted on the machine should not be more than double the breaking
load of specimen for reliable results]

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Observation & Calculation:

Sl.no Length Width Height L X B XH Area Load(N) Compressive Average

(L) (W) (H) mm mm3 LXB (P) Strength Compressive
mm mm mm2 P/A(N/mm2) Strength(N/mm2)

Compressive Strength =

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Experiment No: 3 Date:

Title: INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME ON CEMENT

Objective: To determine the initial and final of a given sample of cement.

Reference: IS : 4031 ( Part 4 & part 5 ) - 1988, IS : 5513-1976,

Theory:

The purpose of this test is to ascertain the time to be allowed pass, between mixing of concrete
and placing in position in structures.

Setting time: Setting means becoming firmer and harder, changing from semi liquid state to
plastic state and from plastic state to solid state. Mortar or concrete when mixed is in semi liquid
state. The chemical action between cement and water starts, and mixture goes into plastic state.
Concrete or mortar must be transported, placed and compacted when in plastic state. After some
time (this is the final setting time) the plasticity is lost and mortar or concrete cannot be placed or
deposited.

Initial setting time: It is the time interval between the time when water is added to cement and
the time of partial loss of plasticity, as determined by a standard test in which the needle
penetrates the block to a depth of 5mm from bottom.

Final setting time: It is the time interval between the time when water is added to cement and
time it acquires a certain firmness to resist certain definite pressure, as determinined by a
standard test in which the needle makes an impression on the best block while an attachment
fails to do so

Significance: As loss of plasticity starts at the end of initial setting time, it is necessary that
concrete must be mixed, transported and placed in a position before initial setting time. As the
final setting time approaches cement becomes harder and harder and concrete cannot be placed
or deposited.

Requirements: As per IS:269 for OPC, the initial setting time shall not be less than 30min and
final setting time shall be not more than 600min. thus if T1 is greater or equal to 30min and T2 is
less than or equal to 600min then the criteria are satisfied.

Apparatus:
Vicat apparatus conforming to IS : 5513-1976, Balance, Gauging Trowel, Stop Watch, etc.

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Figure:

Procedure:

1. Preparation of Test Block - Prepare a neat 300 gms cement paste by gauging the cement with 0.85
times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. Potable or distilled water shall be used
in preparing the paste.

2. Start a stop-watch at the instant when water is added to the cement. Fill the Vicat mould with a cement
paste gauged as above, the mould resting on a nonporous plate. Fill the mould completely and smooth
off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the mould.

3. Immediately after molding, place the test block in the moist closet or moist room and allow it to
remain there except when determinations of time of setting are being made.

4. Determination of Initial Setting Time - Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the
non-porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle ( C ); lower the needle gently until it comes in contact
with the surface of the test block and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block

5. Repeat this procedure until the needle, when brought in contact with the test block and released as
described above, fails to pierce the block beyond 5.0 ± 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould
shall be the initial setting time.

6. Determination of Final Setting Time - Replace the needle (C) of the Vicat apparatus by the needle
with an annular attachment (F).

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7. The cement shall be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of
the test block, the needle makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to do so.

8. The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the cement and the time at which the
needle makes an impression on the surface of test block while the attachment fails to do so shall be the
final setting time.

Result:
1. The initial setting time of given sample of cement is found to be=……………min

2. The final setting time of given sample of cement is found to be=…………….min

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Observation and calculation:

1. Weight of given sample of cement is _ _ _ _ _ _ _gms

2. The normal consistency of a given sample of cement is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _%

3. Volume of water addend (0.85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency)
for preparation of test block _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ml

Sl. No. Setting Time Penetration Remark

(Sec) (mm)
1
2
3

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Experiment No: 4 Date:

Title: DETERMINATION OF SOUNDESS OF CEMENT BY LE-CHATELIERS

METHOD

Objective: To determine the soundness of given sample of cement by le-chateliers method.

Reference: IS : 4031 ( Part 4 & part 5 ) - 1988

Theory:

It is very important that the cement after setting shall not undergo any appreciable change of volume.
Certain cements have been found to undergo a large expansion after setting causing disruption of the set
and hardened mass. This will cause serious difficulties for the durability of structures when such cement
is used. The unsoundness in cement is due to the presence of excess of lime than that could be combined
with acidic oxide at the kiln. It is also likely that too high a proportion of magnesium content or calcium
sulphate content may cause unsoundness in cement. Soundness of cement may be determined by two
methods, namely Le-Chatelier method and autoclave method

Figure:

Apparatus:
Le- Chatelier test apparatus conform to IS : 5514-1969, Balance, Gauging Trowel, Water Bath etc .

Procedure:
1. Place the lightly oiled mould on a lightly oiled glass sheet and fill it with cement paste
formed by gauging cement with 0.78 times the water required to give a paste of standard
consistency [see IS : 4031 (Part 4)-1988 or experiment No. 1(a) ].
2. The paste shall be gauged in the manner and under the conditions prescribed in
experiment No.1, taking care to keep the edges of the mould gently together while this
operation is being performed.

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3. Cover the mould with another piece of lightly oiled glass sheet, place a small weight on
this covering glass sheet and immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a
temperature of 27 ± 2°C and keep there for 24 hours.
4. Measure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest 0.5 mm. Submerge the
mould again in water at the temperature prescribed above.

5. Bring the water to boiling, with the mould kept submerged, in 25 to 30 minutes, and keep it
boiling for three hours. Remove the mould from the water, allow it to cool and measure the
distance between the indicator points.
6. The difference between these two measurements indicates the expansion of the cement. This
must not exceed 10 mm for ordinary, rapid hardening and low heat Portland cements. If in case
the expansion is more than 10 mm as tested above, the cement is said to be unsound.

Result:
The soundness of given sample of cement=

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Observation & calculations

Express the amount of water as a percentage by mass of the dry cement to the first place of decimal.

Sl.no Distance Distances The difference Remark

separating the separating between these two
indicator the indicator measurements
submerge in submerge in
normal temp boiling for
water for 24 three hours.
hours

1
2
3
4
5

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Experiment No: 5 Date:

Title: DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT

Objective: To determine the bulk density and void ratio of Coarse aggregates & fine
aggregates.

Reference:
IS : 2386 ( Part III) – 1963, IS: 383-1970,

Theory :
The specific gravity of cement is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of substance
to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is a mere number and it denotes how many times a
substance is heavy as water.
Specific gravity of substance= wt density of a substance/wt density of water . To find the specific
gravity of cement, it is required to find the weight of certain volume cement and the weight of an
equal volume of water. As cement reacts with water its specific gravity is determined with
reference to a non reactive liquid like kerosene.
Specific gravity of cement w,r.t .to kerosene = wt of cement/wt of an equal volume of kerosene
To find the specific gravity of kerosene w.r.t water= wt of kerosene/wt of equal volume of water.
The specific gravity of cement is the calculation by multiplying specific gravity of cement w.r.to
kerosene with specific gravity of kerosene w.r.t water.

Apparatus:
Specific gravity bottle, Weigh balance, kerosene, distilled water etc…
Figure:

Procedure: (Le-chateliers apparatus)

1- Fill the flask with Kerosene to a point on the stem between 0 and 1ml mark.
2- Put the flask in the water bath at a constant temperature for a sufficient period of time in order
to avoid flask temperature variations greater than 0.2 °C between the initial and final readings.
3- Record the final reading on the flask.

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4- Prepare (64) gm of cement weighed to the nearest (0.05) gm and place it in the flask in small
increments. Take care to avoid splashing and see that the cement dose not adheres to the inside of
the flask above the liquid.
5- After all the cement has been introduced, place the stopper in the flask and roll the flask in an
inclined position so as to free the cement from air until no further air bubbles rise to the surface
of the liquid.
6- Put the flask in the water bath as in step (2).
7- Take the final reading.

Procedure: (density bottle)

1-Clean dry and weight specific gravity bottle

2-Take certain quantity of cement (about one fourth of the bottle)in the bottle and weigh(w2)

3-Pour kerosene over the cement to fill the bottle and find the total weight(w3)

4-Clean the bottle thoroughly with kerosene and fill the bottle with kerosene and weigh (w4)

5-Finally clean the bottle with water and weigh(w5)

Result:
Specific gravity of cement w.r.t water……………. (Le-chateliers flask)

Specific gravity of cement w.r.t water…………….. (density bottle)

(As per IS specification specific gravity of cement in between 2.4- 2.8)

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Observation and calculations:

1. Calculations (using Le-chateliers flask)

1- The difference between the first and the final readings represents the volume of liquid
displaced by the mass of cement used in the test.
2- Calculate the cement density ρ as:
ρcement = Mass of cement/ Volume

Specific Gravity = ρ cement / ρ water

2. Calculations (using density bottle)

Weight of bottle (w1)

Weight of bottle + cement (w2)

Weight of bottle + cement + kerosene (w3)

Weight of bottle + kerosene filling bottle (w4)

Weight of bottle + water filling bottle (w5)

Specific gravity of cement

Specific gravity of cement = [(w4\w5) (w2-w1)] / [(w4-w1) – (w3-w4)]

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Experiment No: 6 Date:

Title: DETERMINATION OF FINENESS OF CEMENT BY DRY SEIVING

Objective: To determine the fineness of a given sample of cement.

Reference:

IS : 4031 ( Part 4 & part 5 ) - 1988, IS : 5513-1976,

Theory:

The purpose of this test is to find the quality of coarse material present in cement. It is an
indirect test of fineness of cement.
The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate of hydration and hence on the rate of gain of
strength and also on the rate of evolution of heat. Finer cement offers a greater surface area for hydration
and hence faster the development of strength, (Fig. 3). The fineness of grinding has increased over the
years. But now it has got nearly stabilized. Different cements are ground to different fineness. The
particle size fraction below 3 microns has been found to have the predominant effect on the strength at
one day while 3-25 micron fraction has a major influence on the 28 days strength. Increase in fineness of
cement is also found to increase the drying shrinkage of concrete.

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Fineness of cement is tested in two ways :

(a) By sieving.
(b) By determination of specific surface (total surface area of all the particles in one gram of cement) by air-
permeability apparatus. Expressed as cm2/gm or m2/kg. Generally Blaine Air permeability apparatus is used.

Apparatus:
Test Sieve 90 microns, Balance, Gauging Trowel, Brush, etc.

Procedure:

1. Fit the tray under the sieve, weigh approximately 10 g of cement to the nearest 0.01 g and place it on the sieve, bein
careful to avoid loss. Fit the lid over the sieve. Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movement until no
more fine material passes through it.

2. Remove and weigh the residue. Express its mass as a percentage, R1, of the quantity first placed in the sieve to the
nearest 0.1 percent. Gently brush all the fine material off the base of the sieve into the tray.

3. Repeat the whole procedure using a fresh 10 g sample to obtain R2. Then calculate the residue of the cement R as t
mean of R1, and R2, as a percentage, expressed to the nearest 0.1 percent.

4. When the results differ by more than 1 percent absolute, carry out a third sieving and calculate the mean of the thre
values.

Results:
The fineness of a given sample of cement is………………%

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Observation and calculation:

Weight of cement sample W1=……………………..gms

Weight of residue W2=……………………gms

Percentage residue= p = (W2/W1)*100=……………………

=………………….%

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Experiment No: 7 Date:

Title: DETERMINATION OF NORMAL CONSISTANCY OF CEMENT PASTE

Objective: To determine the normal consistency of a given sample of cement.

Reference:

IS : 4031 ( Pat 4 ) - 1988, IS : 5513-1976,

Theory :
This test is used to find out the percentage of amount of water at which the standard
consistency is achieved. This required to test; *initial setting time, *final setting time and *soundness of
cement, and *strength a parameter known as standard consistency has to be used.

Consistency: The thickness or the viscosity of the cement paste is called consistency.

Cement Paste: The viscous mass obtained by mixing cement with water is known as cement paste.

Standard Cement Paste: It is the cement paste for which the 10mm diameter plunger in a standard
VICAT test penetrates to such an extent that its distance from the bottom is 5-7mm.

Standard/Normal Consistency: It is the thickness or the viscosity of the standard paste and is expressed
as the percentage of weight of water.

The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit a Vicat
plunger having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of
the mould.

Apparatus:

Vicat apparatus conforming to IS : 5513-1976: The vicat apparatus consists of a frame having a movable
rod with a cap at one end and at the other end any one of the following attachment, which are
interchangeable i) Needle for determining the initial setting time ii) Needle for determining the final
setting time iii) Plunger for determining the standard consistency

Plunger: It is of polished brass 10 ± 0.05mm in diameter with a projection at the upper

end for insertion into the movable rod. The lower end is flat.

Vicat mould: The vicat mould is in the foam of a frustum of a cone having an internal diameter of 60+/-
0.5mm at the top, 70 +/- 0.5mm at the bottom and height 40 +/_ 0.5mm.

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Balance, Gauging Trowel, Stop Watch, etc.

Figure:

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Procedure:
1. The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit the Vicat
plunger to penetrate to a point 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the Vicat mould

2. Initially a cement sample of about 300 g is taken in a tray and is mixed with a known percentage of
water by weight of cement, say starting from 26% and then it is increased by every 2% until the normal
consistency is achieved.

3. Prepare a paste of 300 g of Cement with a weighed quantity of potable or distilled water, taking care
that the time of gauging is not less than 3 minutes, not more than 5 min, and the gauging shall be
completed before any sign of setting occurs. The gauging time shall be counted from the time of adding
water to the dry cement until commencing to fill the mould.

4. Fill the Vicat mould (E) with this paste, the mould resting upon a non-porous plate. After completely
filling the mould, smoothen the surface of the paste, making it level with the top of the mould. The
mould may be slightly shaken to expel the air.

5. Place the test block in the mould, together with the non-porous resting plate, under the rod bearing the
plunger; lower the plunger gently to touch the surface of the test block, and quickly release, allowing it
to sink into the paste. This operation shall be carried out immediately after filling the mould.

6. Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages of water and test as described above until the amount of
water necessary for making up the standard consistency as defined in Step 1 is found.

Result:
The normal consistency of a given sample of cement ……. %

Prepared By: Manjunatha L. /Dept. of Civil Engg. / NMIT Bangalore 28

 18CV35 –Building Materials and Construction Lab Component

Observation:
Express the amount of water as a percentage by mass of the dry cement to the first place of decimal.

Sl. Weight of cement Percentage by Amount of Penetration

No. W1(gms) water of dry water added (mm)
Cement
W2 (%) (W1/W2)*100(ml)

Percentage by weight of water with respect to cement to produce standard consistency in Pn= ……..%

Note: [As per IS4031 (1968) The standard consistency is obtained when the vicat plunger perpetrates to a
point 5 to 7mm from bottom of vicats mould (this is generally 30%)]

Prepared By: Manjunatha L. /Dept. of Civil Engg. / NMIT Bangalore 29

 18CV35 –Building Materials and Construction Lab Component

Prepared By: Manjunatha L. /Dept. of Civil Engg. / NMIT Bangalore 30