GS Mains: Q&A Test Series 2019

GS Mains
Q&A
Test Series 2019
Test-4
ESSAY MOCK TEST
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Test - 4
GS MAINS Q&A TEST SERIES 2019 Roll No.___________________________
ESSAY MOCK TEST

Time Allowed: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 250
Instructions to Candidate Remarks
• Both sections are compulsory.
• Attempt one essay from each section.
• Each essay carries 125 marks.
• Write each essay in about 1000-1200 words.
• After finishing the first essay, attempt the next

on a fresh Page.
• Any page left blank in the answer-book must

be crossed out clearly.
(Examiner will pay special attention to the

candidate's grasp of his/her material, its
relevance to the subject chosen, and to his/
her ability to think constructively and to
present his/her ideas concisely, logically and
effectively).
Name _______________________________
Mobile No.___________________________
Date ________________________________
Signature ____________________________
1. Invigilator Signature _______________
2. Invigilator Signature _______________

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SECTION - A
1. Health is not valued till sickness comes.
2. The only answer to climate change is "change"
3. Universities should be a place for 'creativity', 'out of the box thinking' and 'ideological
disruptions'
4. Development means only human development; all other measures of growth are
misleading.
SECTION - B
1. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall
2. Death is not the greatest loss in life; the greatest loss is what dies inside us while
we live.
3. Expect the best. Prepare for the worst. Capitalize on what comes.
4. We are good architects of future, if our coming generations are not victim.
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GS MAINS Q&A TEST SERIES 2019
Hints: Essay Mock Test

SECTION - A
1. Health is not valued till sickness comes.
• To keep the body in good health is a duty... otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind
strong and clear. – Buddha
• Being in control of your life and having realistic expectations about your day-to-day challenges
are the keys to stress management, which is perhaps the most important ingredient to living a
happy, healthy and rewarding life. – Marilu Henner
• "A further sign of health is that we don't become undone by fear and trembling, but we take
it as a message that it's time to stop struggling and look directly at what's threatening us."
– Pema Chödrön
• There's nothing more important than our good health - that's our principal capital asset.
– Arlen Specter
• Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
– Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance. – Confucius
Approach
In the first instance about undisputed importance of health- physical as well as mental. Nature,
the creator of all living beings, has created the living beings in such a manner that there is
immense intrinsic capacity in all of them to rectify and reform any defect in them by default
without any notice. Hence, the living beings, especially human beings, take their health for
granted until something happens such that the system fails to rectify by default. But this is a
grave situation in the sense that once system fails to resuscitate by default, it can never return
to its original state. Saddest part of this is that we do not realize the worth of health so long as
it is running fine by default and we realize only when it is depleted or gone! This essay wants
to emphasize on the human habit of ignoring health and thinking about any special care for the
same as wastage of time and resources. When the same attitude of human beings is traced in
other realms of life, we find that we realize the value and importance of many things only when
we have lost them, or get harmed by them. The central theme of the essay is about analyzing
the phenomenon euphemistically saying -’we regret for what is not’. It also requires to emphasis
on the culture of ‘diagnosis and curing’ rather than ‘prognosis and prevention’.
In this essay we require to explore the intricate relationship between good health, its constituents,
how and why we ignore them unless sickness comes and then we realize how important it was.
How health affects income, family, self etc should be explained.
The meaning of health should not be limited to physical health. To take the analysis at a higher
level, it should be given widest possible extension. Health of an individual, family, society, national,
world, economic health, environment health etc. all should be included into the description.
Hints: Essay Mock Test [1]

Introduction
In introduction the right approach would be to agree with the statement and extend it from
biological/physical health to other arenas, viz., family, society, economy, polity etc which also
suffer from the said problem. It will give an idea to the examiner about the broad areas going
to be covered.
Main Body
In this part, student must explain what he understands by good health, what are its different
constituents, what are the continuous efforts needed to maintain it.
How certain people take it for granted, become callous, ignore minor and major things that
results into sickness.
• Examples: We didn’t realize that we have a decaying social, economic system unless the British
colonized us.
• How we ignored sustainable development, environment, etc. to realize its importance only after
witnessing its extremely adverse consequence.
• Government efforts to earn revenue through liquor, ignoring the harmful effects. The health of
society was ignored till it started affecting peace and harmony in homes and increased cases of
sexual harassment, violence etc.
• How the manufacturing sector was ignored leading to stagnation, bank loans were issued ignoring
financial health resulting into NPAs etc.
How a culture of prevention should be adopted in all aspects of life. What efforts are needed in
that direction, how to create a culture of same, and what institutional, cultural changes are
required for the same.
How certain people, nations who have constantly focused on prognosis and prevention have
benefitted etc should be given. What benefits such an approach brings should be outlined.
Conclusion
Life does not give second chance; there are no retakes and no full recovery. The time, money,
resources lost in recovery far outweigh the inputs needed during prevention. Therefore the
approach of life should be changed.
2. The only answer to climate change is "change"
• It is the greatest of all mistakes to do nothing because you can do only little.
– Sydney Smith
• If you think environment is less important than money, try counting your wealth while holding
your breath – Anonymous
• We shall need a substantially new way of thinking if humanity is to survive.
– Albert Einstein
• I am not a scientist, but I don't need to be. Because the world scientific community has spoken,
and they have given us our prognosis. If we do not act together, we will surely perish. Now is
our moment for action. – Leonardo DeCaprio (UN Climate Summit)
Approach
• First establish that climate change is happening and accelerating. The essay should revolve around
what “change” is required and how can it be accomplished. This change in approach to mitigate
and combat climate change must include both individual efforts and joint efforts.
[ 2 ] Hints: Essay Mock Test

• In the main body establish that climate change is an adverse problem posing global threat.
Support your stance with reports and facts to show how climate change is happening. IPCC
reports can be quoted here. Mention the hint of causes and problems arising out of climate
change.
• Elaborate the causes and problems in the main body. Also discuss the efforts made in the past
but were not so fruitful in mitigating climate change. Hence, the need for change is to be justified.
• In presenting facts and data, stick to reports of official bodies like UN bodies and Government of
India.
• Main focus should be on anthropogenic factors. Mention ‘anthropocene era’ declared by scientists,
to establish role of human hand in causing climate change.
• Finally sum up with steps needed to establish a balance between development and environmental
conservation for the well being of human beings.
Introduction
• Climate change refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming
scientific consensus maintains that climate change is primarily due to the human use of fossil
fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.
• The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems,
including rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more
susceptible to wildfires.
Main Body
Climate Change is a serious global environmental concern. Its main causes are:
Non Renewable Resources
• Primary cause of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, which emits
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere—primarily carbon dioxide.
• Other human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, also contribute to the proliferation
of greenhouse gases that causes climate change.
• Pollution and environmental degradation are also responsible for climate change.
Growing Population and Explosion of needs
• Due to population growth and growing human needs environmental conservation is being
neglected by the mankind.
• This in turn is impacting the human survival as carrying capacity of the earth is diminishing and
fight for meagre natural resources is leading to violence and wars in the globalised world.
• Mahatma Gandhi said that - ‘The world has enough for everyone’s need, but not enough for
everyone’s greed.’ The over-utilization of resources due to human greed has led to increment in
negative impact of industrialization on environment.
Impact on Humanity and India
• Global Warming is a specific example of the broader term “Climate Change” and refers to the
observed increase in the average temperature of the air near earth’s surface and oceans in recent
decades. Its effect particularly on developing countries is adverse as their capacity and resources
to deal with the challenge is limited. The impacts are

a) Rise in temperature
b) Sea level rise
c) Melting of glaciers
d) Extinction of species
e) Migration of species
f) Change in agricultural pattern
g) Change in precipitation pattern
h) More occurrence of natural disasters
• Climate change impacts the natural ecosystems and is expected to have substantial adverse
effects in India
– Mainly on agriculture on which 58 per cent of the population still depends for livelihood.
– Water storage in the Himalayan glaciers which are the source of major rivers and groundwater
recharge.
– Sea-level rise, and threats to a long coastline and habitations.
• Climate change will also cause increased frequency of extreme events such as floods, and droughts.
These in turn will impact India’s food security problems and water security.
“Change” to contain “Climate Change”
• ‘Change is the only constant’. Major focus should be on highlighting individual change and
societal change.
• Global efforts to develop a new agreement for post-2020 period under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which entered into force in 1994, have
scaled up because it is the 2nd commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol that is ending in 2020.
The ultimate objective of UNFCCC is to stabilize, within a limited time- frame, Green House Gas
concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous human induced interference with the
climate system.
• India has shown signs of more proactive engagement on climate change issues both internationally
and at home.
• While the Indian government continues to emphasize poverty alleviation and economic
development as the country’s highest priorities, recent stances on domestic emission reductions
indicate that India is taking considerable steps to encourage more constructive global climate
talks.
• Climate Change mitigation activities should be sensitive towards poor countries as 1 in every 7
persons in the world today still lives in abject poverty, all of them in developing countries. The
number of poor people in the world is more than twice the combined population of Europe.
• Adaptation is a central and critical priority for developing countries to address Climate Change.
To reduce greenhouse-gas emissions further and foster economic vitality, we must improve public
transportation; construct energy-efficient buildings; and support efforts by businesses, innovators,
and investors to develop clean-energy solutions.

Mitigation vs Adaptation
• Mitigation differs from climate change adaptation, which refers to the actions taken to manage
the unavoidable impacts of climate change.
• The new post-2020 agreement should ensure a balance between mitigation and adaptation. The
term mitigation refers to efforts to cut or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases - limiting the
magnitude of future warming. It may also encompass attempts to remove greenhouse gases
from the atmosphere. Mitigation may require us to use new technologies, clean energy sources,
change people’s behaviour, or make older technology more energy efficient.
Conclusion
• Pooling the innovative and entrepreneurial spirit found in countries and businesses will enable
us to fight climate change, strengthen our economies and societies.
• Only a holistic and multi-pronged approach is required between different levels – individual,
societal, governmental level to mitigate the impact of climate change.
• Furthermore, India has to play a leading role in crafting a new deal that could be effected for the
post-2020 period. India is the symbolic leader of the developing and the under-developed world
in these negotiations. Thus, India needs to balance the interests of this world and its need for
development to eradicate poverty.
3. Universities should be a place for 'creativity', 'out of the box thinking'

and 'ideological disruptions'
• "We must be free, but to have real freedom, you must be wild and free yourself."
– Bryant McGill, Voice of Reason
• "As soon as you open your mind to doing things differently, the doors of opportunity practically
fly off their hinges." – Jay Abraham
• "Everyone is born with an instinct of success, and ability to make it, but only the ones who
think out of the box succeed." – Unarine Ramaru
• Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties. – Erich Fromm
Approach
• Creativity, out of the box thinking and disruptions are buzz words around the globe especially
in higher education system and Universities can provide a systematic and organized platform to
cultivate these. Thus the approach should be to explain, analyze and establish how universities
can contribute toward these ends.
• Introduction should present the overall themes which are going to be discussed in main body.
These include themes like how can universities teach students to think out of box and creatively
in fast changing world? How they provide platform for critical thinking and to challenge current
ideologies?
• Mains Body should reflect upon the University ecosystem in India, culture of creativity, out of
box thinking and ideological disruptions as a solution to address the current questions, the
challenges faced by universities and what is the role of different players in overall university
ecosystem. Add some reports findings on challenges of university in term of innovation and
research output.

• While concluding the essay you can mention the NITI Aayog’s reflection on Indian Universities
and necessity to promote creativity and innovation. You can add recommendations of committees
and reports on higher education which supports the culture of creativity, out of box thinking
and ideological disruptions.
Introduction
Among the most well-worn phrases in the business world are “Creativity” and “Thinking out
of the box”. Creativity is the use of imagination or original ideas to create something new.
Thinking out of the box is supposed to mean thinking creatively, freely, and off the beaten path.
It’s the kind of thinking that — in an age of increasingly powerful algorithms and neural
networks — garners significant attention. For now, it’s the kind of stuff that machines can’t do
that well.
Universities mean the University ecosystem which includes pedagogy, necessary infrastructure,
regulations, management and mobilization of necessary resources to support culture of creative
and out of thinking and challenges associated with these.
Main body
Culture of creativity, out of box thinking and ideological disruptions are seen as a solution to
address the current questions of social, economic and political nature in the present world.
Creativity is what allows us to see fresh possibilities and alternatives; it teaches us not to fear
difficulty and change. Without the ability to think creatively, we tend to close our minds and
become entrenched in familiar ways of thinking.
Current thinking and research by educationalists and cognitive scientists says it is possible to
cultivate creativity, and that creativity is in fact essential in order to prepare young people for
the difficulties and challenges that will face them as they navigate their path through our fast-
paced and fast-changing world. So how to we educate young people in creativity?
The creative mind is curious and wondering; it is patient and determined and will not be satisfied
until it works out solutions to the challenges presented to it; it’s imaginative and it is crafty
in the sense that it likes to tinker and experiment. There are several ways to foster creativity and
innovation like fostering entrepreneurship, encouraging collaboration with the private sector,
promoting diversity and inclusion, and exploring the nexus of technology and society.
The current challenges which universities are facing:
• In terms of pedagogy: Too much emphasis on theory, exam and getting degrees and obsolete
teaching practices.
• Inadequate teaching staff and quality of teaching
• Inadequate infrastructure like labs and dearth of resources like funds to work in new areas
which need investment.
• Overregulation and control of regulating bodies like UGC, shrink space for creative and new
thinking and experiments.
Solutions
• University students can be roped to provide creative solutions to existing problems of our society
like water and waste management, reducing impact of climate change, technological interventions
and efficiency enhancing practices in area of agriculture, droughts and floods and so on.
Revolution and disruptive ideologies in political, economic and social field saw their birth in
university campuses and many revolutions originate from there which change the direction of
our society.

Conclusion
• Government is working hard to upgrade India’s Educational ecosystem. NITI Aayog has also
released reflections on Indian universities and necessity to promote creativity and innovation to
address the current challenges of our society.
• The Schemes like Unnat Bharat under which higher institutions like IITs, NITs, and IISERs are
connected with local communities to address the developmental challenges through creative,
innovative and appropriate use of technology.
4. Development means only human development; all other measures of

growth are misleading.
• Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what
to do, and how to live. – Mahbub Ul Haq
• Development cannot be equated solely to income expansion, it may be defined as an expansion
of human capabilities, a widening of choices, ‘an enhancement of freedom, and a fulfillment
of human rights.
• The basic objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy
long, healthy and creative lives. – UNDP
• Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross Domestic Product.
– King Jigme Singye Wangchuk
Approach
• Development is a broad term that encompasses material, social, spiritual and mental or attitudinal
changes. Economic growth is just a means to an end. Human development is the ultimate end.
The theories of human capital formation and human resources development consider the human
being as a means and not as an end. Theme of the essay revolves around the concept of
development and mentions two perspectives on it. i.e Human development and economic growth.
• Define the terms Development and growth and Human development. Then elaborate on the
evolution of the concept of development over the centuries. How economists concluded that
ultimate aim of development is Human development? What are the dimensions of human
development and the different approaches to quantify it?
• Highlight that the human centric approach for development puts equal emphasis on the
production and distribution of resources, expansion and use of human capabilities, scope of
choice, livelihood security, participatory process, and social, economic and political freedom.
All these indeed emphases a paradigm shift in the social development strategy of the governments
worldwide.
Introduction
• Growth is a narrower concept than development. It is an increase in a country’s real level of
national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources (by education
etc.), increase in the quantity of resources & improvements in technology or in another way an
increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. Growth
can be measured by an increase in a country’s GDP (gross domestic product).
• Development is an increase in living standards, improvement in self-esteem needs and freedom
from oppression as well as a greater choice. The most accurate method of measuring development
is the Human Development Index which takes into account the literacy rates & life expectancy
which affect productivity and could lead to Economic Growth. It also leads to the creation of
more opportunities in the sectors of education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of
the environment.It implies an increase in the per capita income of every citizen.
Main Body
History of the concept of Development
• There was an aversion in Europe in late 1970s in measurement of welfare in terms of
macroeconomic parameters like GDP and they devised an index called physical quality of life
Index as an alternate model that did not use any GDP based measure of welfare.
• The renowned Pakistani economist Mehbub-ul Haq who invented human development index,
and broadly used it as a welfare measure, said- earlier it was said that take care of growth, it will
take care of people. Today the thinking is reverse; take care of people, they will take cae of
growth.
Development is Growth plus Change
• Going a little wider, development is growth plus change. Material progress is just one dimension
of development, there are other dimensions that signify change which are equally important.
Education, health, shelter, entertainment, freedom, equality, good governance and sustainable
development are some of the most important things that add value to human life. No doubt it is
the human development which is paramount.
• But if development creates the preconditions of growth, without growth, human development
cannot be realized and sustained. Material wherewithal and creation of wealth is equally
important for human development. The approach, therefore, should be balanced without
forgetting that wealth is a means to an end and not an end in itself.
Economic Growth is not penetrating to lower strata
• The UNDP, in its Human Development Report, points that the poorest 20% of the world’s
population has experienced a decline in its share of global income from 2.3% to 1.4% in the last
30 years, whereas the share of the richest 20% rose from 70% to 85% during the same period.
The gap in per capita income between the industrial and developing world trebled. There have
been regional imbalances. The UNDP has voiced its concern against the jobless, ruthless, voiceless,
rootless and fortuneless growth in the late 1990s.
• It was jobless growth, since the economy grew but did not expand the opportunities for
employment for large sections of the population. For the developing countries, jobless growth
has meant long hours and very low incomes for hundreds of millions of people in low productivity
work in agriculture and in other informal sectors.
• This developmental process has been rendered ruthless by the fact that the fruits of economic
growth have mostly benefited the rich; while millions of people stagnate in poverty.
Development is Human Development
• According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), human development is a
process of analysing people’s choices. In principle, these choices can be infinite and change over
time. But at all levels of development, the three essential ones are there for people
a) To lead a long and healthy life,
b) To acquire knowledge and
c) To have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living.

• If these essential choices are not available many other opportunities remain inaccessible. Human
development, however, does not end there. Additional choices, ranging from political, economic
and social freedom to opportunities for being creative and productive and enjoying personal
self-respect and guaranteed human rights are also inseparable parts of human rights.
• Therefore, UNDP depicts two sides of human development:
a) The formation of human capabilities – such as improved health, knowledge and access to
resources; and
b) The people making use of these capabilities for productive purposes – being active in cultural,
social and political affairs.
Demographic Dividend of India
• India has a huge productive human resource. Here, it simply means India has a large population
in the working age group i.e in the age group of 15 to 64. India has a huge demographic
dividend compare to other countries like China. What India needs is to make this human resource
into human capital and drive the country towards development.
• There are many government programmes and schemes in place to achieve this feat. Take a brief
look on some of these programs. First, STRIVE and SANKALP are outcome based skill
development and vocational education schemes. These schemes would help in skill development
of the India’s youth which is not based on inputs but on the results.
• Second, Ayushman Bharat-National Health Protection Scheme (AB-NHPS). This is inclusive
health insurance scheme which would provide 10 crore of Indian households a health insurance
of 5 lakh per year. Besides, beneficiaries will be selected on Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC)
ensuring inclusion of marginalized and vulnerable groups who face impediments in their social
and economic development.
Conclusion
Development means having all-rounded growth in all areas like Education, Infrastructure,
Manufacturing and Services industry and also a functioning governance endowed with natural
resources. Thus, we need to invest more in the Human Development which is the sine qua non
for the country’s development.
SECTION - B
1. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall
• "Believe in yourself and you will be unstoppable." – Emily Guay
• "Low self-esteem is like driving through life with flat tires." – Maxwell Maltz
• Your success depends mainly upon what you think of yourself and whether you believe in
yourself. – William J. H. Boetcker
• You learn from things that don't go well, and you try to capitalize when they do. You build on
those strengths and try to make your weaknesses stronger. – Gary Sinise
• Strength does not come from the physical capacity. It comes from the indomitable will.
– M K Gandhi
Approach
• The approach should be that everyone makes mistakes and fails sometimes. It is about how one
reacts and learns from that mistake to make oneself a better person.

• In the main body, define failure in a positive sense with suitable examples. The statement is not
just about relation between success and failure, it is about, how we analyse the situation and
look for the opportunities even in the disadvantageous situations. Focus should be more on the
concepts of will power, self confidence and broader approach to life.
• Conclude with the perspective that failing is a better alternative than regretting the whole life
for not trying to reach your goal.
Introduction
• Every day, we work for different tasks and missions. We strive for our very best to succeed.
However, success is not that easy to achieve, path to success has a lot of obstacles. Success
requires a lot of criteria, including hard-work, experience, perseverance and much more but to
succeed most important criteria is our ability to handle failures in life.
• In that Self awareness and self motivation plays the very important role in converting one’s
weaknesses in to his strength.
Main Body
• Define Failure in a positive sense with suitable examples such as:
a) Failure symbolizes that human being has at least tried for something new:
Example: Though 1857 revolt was considered as failure as it was not able to achieve
independence but it has brought many changes in the functioning of the government and
formed a solid foundation for future course of independence struggle.
b) Failure encourages better thinking: After failure one try to analyse the trajectory of his working
in broader sense and try to find out loopholes in the working. Unless one make mistakes, one
never gain that visceral understanding of the depth and breadth of lesson the mistake holds.
The lessons learnt from failures are invaluable.
c) Failure teaches self improvement and rebuilding of oneself:
Example: During the French Revolution France’s political system changed many times.
Everytime a political system failed a group of people were there to try again. In the end when
Napoleon took over, he rebuilt the government that had fallen, and raise it to its full glory.
People work on self-improvement and rebuilding oneself from ashes once they fail.
d) Failure converts a person to a more humble person: It can make the person stronger and
more honest with oneself. It can also help in increasing the confidence and trust on oneself
while making future decisions and future attempts. Such individual can also have a stronger
personality that can fight against future tasks and failures.
• However to convert failure into success, human being requires the skill to identify, grab and
mould the opportunity into a stepping stone. Sometimes life give opportunities to move ahead in
life but either due to ignorance or lack of self confidence to accomplish that, the person end up
in losing that.
• The individual must develop the personal ethos to seize every moment in order to insure that all
opportunities will lead to success. This requires positive mindset, courage and ability of acceptance
of one’s strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusion
• The quote really helps to convey the message to never give up after failing because there is no
glory in that. Try again and again to achieve success. Greatest accomplishments in life is picking
oneself up after something goes wrong, fixing it, and making it even better than it was before.
[10] Hints: Essay Mock Test

• Every individual should strive to achieve success, the flip side of that may be failure but failing is
a better alternative to regretting the whole life.
2. Death is not the greatest loss in life; the greatest loss is what dies
inside us while we live.
• Your body dies but your soul and spirit never dies. – Muhammad Ali
• Optimism doesn’t wait on facts. It deals with prospects. Pessimism is a waste of time.
– Norman Cousins
• You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind
next to honor. – Aristotle
• “If we lose something important in ourselves, try to remember it, and fight for it back”
– Anonymous
Approach
• The above stated theme depicts the importance of listening to inner voice and pursuing your
dreams to enrich our life over the passive existence and dying without making any mark. Establish
the context of the theme by supporting your stance with valid arguments.
• Introduce the concept of death of a body and inner voice and then explain the value of dreams
and how we face challenges while achieving it because road to success in never easy but it is
always rewarding.
• Main Body should explain why people give up under various situations be it professional life,
love life, social life or just life in general. What are the causes behind it whether external (Social
Pressure) or internal (Like lack of courage). How can an individual overcome those challenges?
• Conclude with the view that one must never give up. No matter how hard it is, no matter how
much it takes out of you one should never give up on their dreams. Nothing is easy in life and if
it easy it is not worth it.
Introduction
• Theme of the essay explains that the greatest loss in not the death of the mortal body but what
dies inside us while we live. It’s like living into nothingness, living in doubt, a life without hope
and thinking this life is so bad. Death of a person is a very painful loss but its a natural thing.
Main Body
• Whenever we start listening to our heart and start working on our dreams, we face challenges
every day. We go through ups and downs to reach towards our goals. Life never offers great
things on a platter. We have to earn it.
• People always have to fight through obstacles to reach their targets and often the struggle is
tough and sometimes people that are not strong enough they give up easily.
• Road to happiness and success is never easy but it is always rewarding. Sometimes when people
don’t see results soon, they give up. What they don’t realize is that results may take time but it is
always satisfying.
• People give up under various situations be it professional life, love life, social life or just life in
general. It is easy to give up but extremely difficult to hold on and continue fighting. Life tests
you every now and then, it puts you through situations that test your patience, your strength,
your determination, your will and everything else. People who go through these situations
sometimes break under the pressure and give up.

• Concept of “Fit In” kills the inner voice

1. We tell our children and younger generation to “Be yourself!” which is a hard thing to do
because from a very young age society also moulds us to “fit in.” It might be into a certain
grade or sport team level. Then in the work force it could be not speaking up in front of a
certain colleague or boss. Because it’s best to “toe the line.”
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make
you something else is the greatest accomplishment.” Many people lose that battle.
3. Many a time’s parents say that “The world isn’t a place for immature minds.” Evidently
talking about what you love to do instead of talking about jobs and higher education is a sign
of immaturity.
4. We could go on and on about instances which circle around us. Most of us might have
encountered such statements at least once in lifetime.
• But change is always possible. It just takes courage. As Aristotle once said, “You will never do
anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honour.”
The thing is, you need to take steps towards that dream. Have the courage to take a chance.
Even though you will fail numerous times before you get there. Because as scared as you might
be of the unknown, regret is always scarier.
• Example - Muhammad Ali’s Physical and inner Strength
– We are impressed not only by how strong Ali was as a boxer, but also by the inner strength
that he showed when he fought against racism. Ali’s inner strength seems to come from his
faith in his religion.
– Ali joined the Black Muslims in 1964 and changed his name from Cassius Clay to Muhammad
Ali. He described his view of life and death as follows:
– “The body gets old. You don’t have teeth. Your hair is leaving you. Your body gets tired. But
your soul and your spirit never die. So your body is just housing your soul and spirit. The
most important thing of your life is what’s going to happen when you die.
– He believed that the world after death existed and that every human being has a soul. It is
because of this faith that he could rise up over again and again without yielding to racial
discrimination.
• Never lose your sense of awe and wonder - This is one of the things we should never let go. It’s
one of the very first things that make humans an advanced species. It’s an evolutionary advantage.
Always marvel at the grandeur and awesomeness of life and the universe. Try to understand
how the world works because it’s insatiable curiosity that brings about the next big discovery.
• Be the right kind of mature - Maturity doesn’t mean letting go of things children do. It means
learning to forgive people, living in harmony and enjoying life to the fullest; ironically things
that children do better than ‘mature’ adults. The only definition of maturity is - knowing the
consequence of your actions. Also, be open to new experiences and ideas.
Conclusion
• One must never give up. No matter how hard it is, no matter how much it takes out of you one
should never give up on their dreams. Nothing is easy in life and if it easy it is not worth it. What
make your life better are the things that you achieve after overcoming struggles and obstacles.
Every obstacle you come across gives you experience that makes you stronger. One has to persevere
and only then will they taste the sweet pleasure of success.
• Death is not scary but feeling that something you admired is dying inside is more than scary and
painful. If what dies in you is noble, pray to awaken it again. If what dies in you is not good for
you, then praise God. Either way you grow, and learn about the spiritual realm that is all around
us, and in us.
3. Expect the best. Prepare for the worst. Capitalize on what comes.
• At times we vainly hope that in our case only the pleasurable will come, leaving the painful
aside, which never happens. - Vivekananda
• I am prepared for the worst, but hope for the best. - Benjamin Disraeli
• Hope is being able to see that there is light despite all of the darkness. - Desmond Tutu
• We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope. - Martin Luther King, Jr
• Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude. - Zig Zaglar
• Never wish life were easier, wish that you were better. - Jim Rohn
Approach
Here the statement is true in every context and situation. The statement is divided in three layers:
Importance of Hope in life; prepare for Unforseen situation and utilise what it comes in life. So
you have to elaborate, analyse and establish the statement with proper examples.
Introduction
Life is full of ups and downs but the HOPE keeps the human being alive and on toes for
achieving a better in life. This requires positive approach in all the circumstances. Prepare for the
Worst means be planned for any outcome, and the third part Capitalize on what comes conveys
that fetch the best while executing the plan.
Main Body
Analyze the statement in detail.
Expect the best - Mostly people wouldn't have any problem expecting the best. After all, the
emotional impact that may come from thinking about the best is usually very pleasing and
encouraging, thus our emotions wouldn't get in our way in being motivated to think about the
best. Expecting the best can be associated with being optimistic of what will come your way.
Essentially, the importance of expecting the best lies in having the best possible outcome to aim
for - to achieve. It provides our mind a goal to strive for.
Prepare for the worst. It can be misunderstood by associating with being pessimistic. Why is this
so? Because it's not emotionally pleasing to even think about the worst possible outcome. Thus
emotionally, we have some intrinsic resistance towards considering the worst. The naturally-
occurring cognitive association between thinking about the worst and the unpleasant emotional
impact is what cause people to associate preparing for the worst with being pessimistic.
Thus the meaning should be to anticipate the problems in advance to get prepare for it.
This is where it is imperative to be able to draw the line and differentiate between "right/wrong"
and "like/dislike".
How can we prepare for the worst? It is important to understand that preparing for the worst
is simply a sound thing to do in executing our analysis of our current situation. Simply by looking
at all the possible outcomes from the best to the worst, will enable to make sound analysis and
decision of what would be the best decision to take next.

There are at least some benefits of taking into account all possible outcome (from best to worst)
in decision making process:
1. It is preparatory - It makes the analysis and decision making process more thorough prior to
committing to any particular decision.
2. It is explorative - Looking at all the possible outcome, all the way from the best to the worst, he
may come across outcomes that are outside initial expectation or imagination. Thus in doing so
anyone would explore more potential opportunities to take as well more potential threats to
anticipate.
3. It enforces the habit of thinking ahead - Naturally, in exploring the entire possible outcomes
generatively, it shows us the world of future possible future events. Therefore, in doing so,
individual would have to exert imaginative power to mentally depict the possible steps that s/
he may have to take before being coerced by necessity.
Capitalize on what comes. The central concept of being able to capitalize on what comes is the
"Ability to Adapt." Here, one has to be clear about what one can and cannot control. Adaptation
requires to alter what needs to be altered about someone, in order to continue his/her existence
with whatever is being thrown his/her way.
What the world throws is outside control, an individual's response towards what's being thrown,
however, is within control. Therefore, instead of wishing for life to be easier, one should wish
to be stronger.
It means being flexible in approach, in getting what one want regardless of whether his/her
environment is supportive towards the cause or not. It's most probably not an easy thing to do,
but then again, easy doesn't always mean that it's right.
Examples
• When you study for a major exam, hope for the best but expect the worst. Don't make yourself
anxiously worrying that it will be too difficult, but review as if you expect the exam to be extremely
hard.
• Government response mechanism in Disaster Management has changed over the years. From
Relief and Rehabilitation to Risk reduction and Contingency planning. Its shows how to Expect
that everything will be under control at the time of crisis, keep preparing for the worst disasters
and face the situation boldly when the Crisis situations hits the land.
Conclusion
Conclude your essay with the summary of your analysis and establish the statement with current
example.
Expecting the best is relatively easy. Be optimistic. Have destination to go to. Prepare for the
worst. Fight off your natural tendency to avoid the emotional pain of associating "the worst"
with "being pessimistic". Capitalize on what comes. Adapt to your situations no matter what.
Conclude with the example of Surgical Strike. Recently Indian Army conducted Surgical strikes,
required for maintaining our country's sovereignty and protect it. A surgical strike is a military
attack which results in, or is claimed to have resulted in only damage to the intended legitimate
military target, and no or minimal collateral damage to surrounding structures, vehicles, buildings,
or the general public infrastructure and utilities.
These kinds of operations are very risky as they are carried out with army personnel entering into
enemy lands expecting the best, ready to lay their lives in worst situation and carefully capitalising
the situations while conducting the operations.
4. We are good architects of future, if our coming generations are not

victim.
• The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. – Eleanor Roosevelt
• Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality. – Warren Bennis
• In order to carry a positive action we must develop here a positive vision. – Dalai Lama
• You are not here merely to make a living. You are here in order to enable the world to live more
amply, with greater vision, with a finer spirit of hope and achievement. You are here to enrich
the world, and you impoverish yourself if you forget the errand. – Woodrow Wilson
• The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. – Unknown
• Change your life today. Don't gamble on the future, act now, without delay. Simone de Beauvoir
• It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves. – William Shakespeare
• I've learned that fear limits you and your vision. It serves as blinders to what may be just a few
steps down the road for you. The journey is valuable, but believing in your talents, your abilities,
and your self-worth can empower you to walk down an even brighter path. Transforming fear
into freedom - how great is that? – Soledad O'Brien
Approach
Given topic refers to the human's role as an architect of the world which present generation will
pass on to next generation.
The topic is about positive thinking, vision which states that right and timely action taken today
have a bright future. Bright future is always meant for progeny and next generation and therefore
the topic stated for making a more just, fair and democratic world on the one hand and sustainable
development on the other. Both these aspects are crucially dependent on each other and finally
lead to peace and prosperity.
Thus, major discussion needs to revolve around the concept of sustainable development.
Important Themes
• Intergenerational equity - Will our future generations get same endowments as we received? If
not, then what are the reasons
• Sustainability - How long can we continue to abuse our habitat? Have we already threatened
it?
• Rights vs. duty
• Survival vs.quality of life - Will our future generations merely struggle to manage living or they
would have enriched lives?
Following dimensions shall be explored:
• How a just, fair and democratic society may lead to peace and prosperity?
• What are the main barriers to the development and democracy?
• How sustainable development may lead to peace and prosperity?
• What separates consumption and overconsumption?
• What are the consequences if we fail to take prompt and timely measures?

• Why is it essential to save for future generations?
• Is it about creating better world than the one we inherited?
• Have we crippled the coming generations already?
• How can we minimize the damage for future generation?
• How some countries, and societies within them, are working better in this regard?
Introduction
• Rights of future generation-safe, sound and conducive environment for personal growth along
with availability of all-natural resources that mother earth provides to all - clean air, water,
fertile land, minerals and other natural resources.
• Opportunity cost for business and government today.
Main Body
Humans as creator and inheritor:
Architect of Victim of
Individual level Kind of professional and Physical and mental abuse
personal lives
Family level Foundation mental and Family pressure influencing one's
financial stability of a person choices.
Society level Culture(openness), values Attachment oneself to mass identity
(honesty) and behaviours resulting into xenophobia,
(generosity)driving people. regionalism and more.
National level Growth and social Misplaced and poorly planned
development of the nation. implementation of policies.
How is over-exploitation done by present generation?

Historically, decisions made in the following arenas have impact on successive generations:
• Political:
– Basic rights in constitutions: Contribution of gun rights in the USA constitution in intensifying
mass shootings in the country today, contribution of idea of secularism in Indian constitution
after a violent partition of the country in making country peaceful and stable.
– Legislation and execution: Contribution of less investment by developing states on public
infrastructure- education, health and safety in slowing economical and social developmental
of the nation.
– International affairs: Nuclearization and denuclearization, World wars, Refugee crisis.
• Ecological:
– Geological period of anthropocene- earth will survive, we may not
– Air: suffocating air quality, increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere
— Water: black carbon melting ice shelves at Arctic and Antarctic, Sea level rise, depleting
volume and quality of ground water, targeted use of technology at ocean floors for fish
capturing, abundant micro plastics in oceans, drying and polluted rivers.

– Land: natural resource exploitation, excessive use of fertilizers, shifting cultivation
– Wildlife destruction: razing rainforest, extinction of species, and impact of food chain.
• Social:
– What society supports or shames, shapes its people.
– Desire for male child contributed in over population, patriarchal mindset in oppressing women,
social cleavage in marginalizing segment of population.
• Cultural:
– Destruction of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
– Concept of White man's burden in the past.
• Economical
– Type of market: decides extent of consumerism, ethical business practices, accountability of
the producers and more.
– National debts: puts a child under debt even before it is born, increase external interferences
in national economical and domestic policies.
• Technical:
– Internet: excessive scattered information and around the clock connectivity effecting
millennials' productivity.
– E-waste: waste product burdening future generations. Currently, getting piled up at an
alarming rate.
Conclusion
Minimizing damage
Plato- 'State is individual writ large'- State is magnified version of individual choices and
preferences. Change necessary from individual choices to governmental planning.
• Following sustainable and long term consumption pattern rather than reckless and short sighted
consumption.
• Utilizing both trickle down approach and bottom-up approach.
• Actions today will determine if coming generation will be victims, survivors or thrivers.
Thus there needs to be a mix of positive approach, vision and right and timely action to make
a bright future.


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