12 - Refulgent Alloys N Steels EIA Report PDF

DRAFT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT
ON
PROPOSED FERRO ALLOY PLANT

(INSTALLATION OF 4 × 9 MVA SUBMERGED
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES)
AT
Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal,

Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
PROPOSED BY
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED
PREPARED BY
SRI SAI MANASA NATURE TECH PVT. LIMITED

HYDERABAD
TOR LETTER
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steels Ltd Terms of Reference Compliance
F. No. J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I)
SNO TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE

1 Executive summary of the project. Enclosed with EIA report
2 Photographs of plant area. Annexure -
3 A line diagram/flow sheet for the process and Chapter No – 2,
EMP Page No.s -19,21,23,25,35
Fig No- 2.1 to 2.4, 3.1
4 Coal linkage documents Coal will be procured from local
authorized dealers.
5 Proposal should be submitted to the Ministry for Land documents enclosed as
environment clearance only after acquiring total Annexure -
land. Necessary documents indicating
acquisition of land should be included.
6 A site location map on Indian map of 1:10, Chapter No -1, Fig No-1.1,1.2,
00,000 scale followed by 1:50,000/1:25,000 Page No – 3,4 and DEM is enclosed
scale on an A3/A2 sheet with at least next 10 as Annexure - K
Kms of terrains i.e. circle of 10 kms and further
10 kms on A3/A2 sheets with proper
longitude/latitude/heights with min. 100/200 m.
contours should be included. 3-D view i.e. DEM
(Digital Elevation Model) for the area in 10 km
radius from the proposal site.
7 Present land use should be prepared based on Chapter No - 3, Fig No- 3.10,
satellite imagery. High-resolution satellite image Page No – 68
data having 1m-5m spatial resolution like
quickbird, Ikonos, IRS P-6 pan sharpened etc.
for the 10Km radius area from proposed site.
The same should be used for land used/land-
cover mapping of the area.
8 Location of national parks / wildlife sanctuary / Chapter No - 3 , Fig No- 3.12,
reserve forests within 10 km. radius should Page No – 79
specifically be mentioned. A map showing
landuse/landcover, reserved forests, wildlife
sanctuaries, national parks, tiger reserve etc in
10 km of the project site.
9 A list of industries within 10 km radius of the Dr. Reddys Laboratories,
plant area. Aurobindo pharma Ltd, HBL Power
systems, Matrix Laboratories, SMS
Pharma, Saraca Laboratories Ltd
10 Details and classification of total land (identified Chapter No -2, Section No -2.11,
and acquired) should be included. Table – 2.16, Page No – 24
11 Project site layout plan showing raw materials Chapter No -1 , Fig No-1.3, Page
and other storage plans, bore well or water No – 9
storage, aquifers (within 1 km.) dumping, waste
disposal, green areas, water bodies,
rivers/drainage passing through the project site
should be included.
12 List of raw material required and source along Chapter No -2, Section No – 2.5,
with mode of transportation should be included. Page No – 10, Table -2.6, Page No
All the trucks for raw material and finished – 12, All the trucks used for raw
product transportation must be ‘Environmentally material and finished product
Compliant’. transportation will be
environmentally compliant.
13 Quantification & Characterization of solid Chapter No - 4, Section No –
/hazardous waste & its action plan for 4.7.1, Page No – 95, Table 4.4,
management should be included. Page No-96
14 Mass balance for the raw material and products Chapter No -2, Section No – 2.6 ,
should be included. Page No – 16, 17 & 18
Table -2.7 to 2.9
15 Energy balance data for all the components of Chapter No -2, Section No – 2.6,
ferro alloy plant should be incorporated. Figure – 2.3 to 2.5, Page No – 16,
17 & 19
16 Design details of Ferro Alloy Plant and Chapter No. -2, section No – 2.6,
manufacturing process details should be 2.7, Page No’s – 12 to 24
included.
17 Site-specific micro-meteorological data using Chapter No -3,
temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind Section No - 3.4.1 & Fig – 3.1
speed and direction and rainfall is necessary. Page No – 30, 32
18 Ambient air quality at 8 locations within the Chapter No -3,
study area of 10 km., aerial coverage from Section No -3.5, Table-3.2, Page
project site with one AAQMS in downwind No – 33, Figure- 3.2, Page No-35
direction should be carried out including
cumulative Impact of the surrounding industries.
19 The suspended particulate matter present in the
ambient air must be analyzed for the presence Will be enclosed
of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), i.e.
Benzene soluble fraction. Chemical
characterization of RSPM and incorporating of
RSPM data.
20 Determination of atmospheric inversion level at Chapter No -4,
the project site and assessment of ground level Section No -4.4, Table -4-3
concentration of pollutants from the stack Page No – 88 to 93 &
emission based on site-specific meteorological Annexure - I
features.
21 Air quality modeling for ferro alloy plant for Chapter No – 9,
specific pollutants needs to be done. APCS for Section No- 9.2, Page No – 119
the control of emissions should also be included
to control emissions within 50 mg/Nm3.
22 Ambient air quality as per National Ambient Air Chapter No -3, Section No -3.5,
Quality Emission Standards issued by the Page No –36
Ministry vide G.S.R. No. 826(E) dated 16th Table-3.4
November, 2009 should be included.
23 Air Quality Impact Predication Modeling based Chapter No. – 4, Section No. – 4.4,
on ISCST-3 or the latest models. Page No. – 88 to 93 &
Figure No- 4.1 to 4.3
24 Impact of the transport of the raw materials and All the raw material and finished
end products on the surrounding environment products will transported through
should be assessed and provided. closed or covered trucks
25 An action plan to control and monitor secondary Chapter No -9, Section No 9.2.2,
fugitive emissions from all the sources as per Page No -120
the latest permissible limits issued by the
Ministry vide G.S.R. 414(E) dated 30th May,
2008.
26 Presence of aquifer/aquifers within 1 km of the There are no aquifers with in 1 km
project boundaries and management plan for radius
recharging the aquifer should be included.
27 Source of surface/ground water level, site Enclosed as Annexure - C
(GPS), cation, anion (Ion Chromatograph),
metal trace element (as above) chemical
analysis for water to be used. If surface water is
used from river, rainfall, discharge rate,
quantity, drainage and distance from project
site should also be included.
28 Ground water analysis with bore well data, litho- Enclosed as Annexure -C
logs, drawdown and recovery tests to quantify
the area and volume of aquifer and its
management.
29 ‘Permission’ for the drawl of water should be
obtained. Water balance data must be provided. Applied for Ground water
Department & Chapter No -2 ,
Section N o – 2.10.1 Page No –23,
Table-2.10
30 A note on the impact of drawl of water on the Not Applicable
nearby River during lean season.
31 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures. Chapter No -9,Section-9.9, Figure
No – 9.4 ,Page No – 132
32 Surface water quality of nearby River (60 m Chapter No -3 , Section No –
upstream and downstream) and other surface 3.7,Page No -41
drains at eight locations must be ascertained.
33 If the site is within 10 km radius of any major Enclosed as Annexure- L
river, Flood Hazard Zonation Mapping is required
at 1:5000 to 1;10,000 scale indicating the peak
and lean river discharge as well as flood
occurrence frequency.
34 Pretreatment of raw water, treatment plant for Chapter No -4, Section No - 4.6
waste water should be described in detail. ,Page No – 91
Design specifications may be included.
35 Ground water monitoring minimum at 8 Chapter No -3 , Section No –
locations and near solid waste dump zone, 3.7,Page No -41
Geological features and Geo-hydrological status
of the study area is essential as also. Ecological
status (Terrestrial and Aquatic) is vital.
36 Action plan for solid/hazardous waste Chapter No -4 ,Section No – 4.7.1,
generation, storage, utilization and disposal Page No –95
particularly slag from all the sources should also
be included.
37 Identification and details of land to be used for Chapter No -9 ,Section No – 9.2.6,
all type of slag disposal in the secured land fill Page No –122
as per CPCB guidelines should be included.
38 End use of solid waste and its composition
should be covered. Toxic metal content in the
waste material and its composition should also
be incorporated particularly of slag.
39 Provision of Toxic Chemical Leachability TCLP test will be conducted and
Potential (TCLP) test for the slag and its end use based on the test reports slag will
should be included. be disposed
40 Commitment that no Ferro chrome will be RANSL giving commitment that no
manufactured without prior approval of the Ferro Chrome will be produced
Ministry. without prior approval from the
ministry.
41 Acton plan for the green belt development plan Chapter – 9, Section – 9.3.3, Page
in 33 % area should be included. No. – 125.
42 Detailed description of the flora and fauna Enclosed as Annexure – E & F
(terrestrial and aquatic) should be given with
special reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species.
43 Disaster Management Plan including risk Chapter – 7, Section – 7.2, Page
assessment and damage control needs to be No.s – 100.
addressed and included.
44 Details regarding expected Occupational & Chapter – 9, Section – 9.5,
Safety Hazards. Protective measures for Page No. – 127
Occupational Safety & Health hazards so that
such exposure can be kept within permissible
exposure level so as to protect health of
workers. Health of the workers with special
reference to Occupational Health. Plan of
exposure specific health status evaluation of
workers; pre placement and periodical health
status of workers; plan of evaluation of health of
workers by pre designed format, chest x ray,
Audiometry, Spirometry Vision testing (Far &
Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular
defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations and plan of monthly and
yearly report of the health status of workers
with special reference to Occupational Health
and Safety.
45 At least 5 % of the total cost of the project Chapter No - 8, Section -8.4 Page
should be earmarked towards the Enterprise No – 116
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing
issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan should be prepared and
incorporated. Socio-economic development
activities need to be elaborated upon.
46 Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Chapter No - 9, Table No -9.4 Page
environmental pollution control measures should No – 133
also be included.
47 Public hearing issues raised and commitments
made by the project proponent on the same Public Hearing minutes is given
should be included separately in EIA/EMP Report wide Annexure - J
in the form of tabular chart with financial budget
for complying with the commitments made.
48 Any litigation pending against the project and / No legal litigations with project
or any direction / order passed by any Court of activity
Law against the project, if so, details thereof.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Executive Summary
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh.
1 INTRODUCTION
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steels Limited propose to set up a Ferro Alloy

manufacturing facility to produce 77,890 TPA of Ferro Manganese, 57,400 TPA
of Silico Manganese & 27,264 TPA of Ferro silicon by installing 4 nos. of 9 MVA
Submerged Electric Arc Furnaces.
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloys plant is 77,890
tons per annum. Depending on marketability from time to time single product
or four products will be manufactured in the proposed plant. But the
maximum possible production capacity by installing 4 x 9 MVA is 70974 Tons
per Annum.
2 PROJECT LOCATION
The site for the proposed project is located at Survey No 191 & 192, Sancham
Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
3 LAND ACQUIRED
The proposed project will be set up over 11.42 Acres of land. 33 % of total area
will be earmarked for developing green belts.
4 PROJECT COST
The estimated cost for the proposed project is INR 96 Crores. Out of this about
INR 6 Crores will be spent on environmental infrastructure and management
plan.
5 PROJECT SIZE
The proposed Ferro Alloy unit will manufacture the following products
1. Ferro Manganese (FeMn) – 77,890 TPA
E- 1
2. Silico-Manganese (SiMn) – 57,400 TPA
3. Ferro Silicon (FeSi) – 27,264 TPA
6 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
Raw material required for manufacturing of Ferro Alloy are Manganese Ore,
Coke, Indian Coal, Dolomite, Electrode Paste, Quartz, Mill Scale, MS Rounds
and Casting Sheets.
7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
 Raw Material Handling
Raw materials in required size are stored in hoppers over the furnaces which
are mixed for smelting.
 Electrical Smelting - Submerged Electrical Arc (SEA) Furnace
High current is passed into the charged raw material through submerged, self-
baking, and three electrodes. Exothermic metallurgical reactions result in the
production of molten metal (Ferro Manganese, Silica Manganese or Silicon
Metal) along with slag.
 Casting and Finishing
The molten metal and slag are tapped at regular intervals through tap holes
into a ladle. As the metal fills into the ladle, slag, being lighter than the metal,
flows over into another ladle placed nearby.
The metal is then cast by means of a continuous casting machine, which

delivers blocks of metals (Ferro Manganese, Silica Manganese or Silicon Metal)
which are further sized according to the customers' specifications, bagged and
dispatched.
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FERRO ALLOY PLANT
Sizing &
8 BASELINE STATUS
Environmental components such as air, noise, water, land, biological and socio
economic within an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site were
monitored during the Study Period (February 2011 – April 2011)
Environmental Attributes
1. Micro-Meteorology 1 locations
2. Air Environment 8 locations
3. Noise Environment 8 locations
4. Water Environment 9 locations
5. Soil Environment 8 locations
6. Ecology Environment 10 km radius
7. Socio Economic Status 10 km radius
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8.1 Micro-Meteorology
1 Micro-Meteorological Station was installed to record wind direction, wind
speed, relative humidity, rainfall and temperatures in the study area. The
minimum and maximum readings are as follows
S. No Parameter Value
1. Wind Direction during Predominant wind direction SW
study period
2. Avg. Wind Speed (m/sec) 0.5 to 5.5 m/s
8.2 Air Environment

8 Ambient Air Quality Stations were assessed for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO
in the study area. The minimum and maximum readings are as follows
S. No Parameter Value CPCB Std’s

1. Particulate Matter 10 19.9 to 44.5 μg/m3 100 μg/m3
(PM10)
2. Particulate Matter 2.5 10.1 to 26.6 μg/m3 60 μg/m3
(PM2.5)
3. Sulphurdioxide - SO2 4.0 to 8.5 μg/m3 80 μg/m3
4. Oxides of Nitrogen - NOX 8.0 to 12.3 μg/m3 80 μg/m3
5. Carbon Monoxide – CO <1 ppm 4 mg/m3
8.3 Noise Environment

8 Ambient Noise Level Stations were assessed for day noise equivalent and
night noise equivalent values in the study area. The minimum and maximum
readings are as follows
S.No Parameter Value CPCB Std’s

1. Day equivalent (Ld) 42.9– 51.0 dB(A) 55-75 dB(A)
2. Night equivalent (Ln) 35.6 – 38.9 dB(A) 45-70 dB(A)
E- 4
Note: CPCB Std’s
Area Ld Ln
Industrial Areas 75 70
Residential 55 45
8.4 Water Environment

Water samples, 7 ground water and 2 surface water samples were collected and
assessed as per I.S 10,500 drinking water standard parameters. Results are
shown below.
Water sample analysis results
Parameter Ground Water Surface Water IS 10500

Standards
P.H 6.78 – 7.37 7.74 – 7.84 6.5-8.5
Total Dissolved Solids, 476 - 960 168 - 222 2000

mg/l.
Total Hardness, mg/l. 256 - 580 56 - 80 600
Chlorides, mg/l. 44.1 - 632 35.5 - 77.9 1000

Sulphates, mg/l. 18.2 –142.8 18.9 – 19.9 400
All the samples were well within the prescribed standards of IS 10500.
8.5 Soil Environment
Soil samples were collected from the study area.
Parameter Study Area Values
P.H 6.96 – 7.35

Organic matter 0.21 % - 0.39 %
Texture Clay , Sandy clay
Sand 19 – 30 %
Silt 12 – 28 %
E- 5
Clay 42 – 60 %
Results of soil samples analysis had shown the domination of clay and sandy
clay soils with medium fertility.
8.6 Ecological Environment

Ecological survey to study the flora and fauna in the study area was carried out
during the February 2011 – April 2011 period. No rare, endemic, endangered or
threatened species of flora and fauna were observed.
8.7 Social Economic Status

Socio-economic status was assessed through secondary data-Census 2001 in the
study area and represented below.
 The total population of study area is 93,623 with a sex ratio of 1000:
962.
 Number of households in the study area are 20,547 with 4 - 5 persons

per house hold.
 SC & ST percentage in the study area is 12.1% & 2.03% of the total
population.
 Total literates in the study area are 45.0% which is very low with 27.8%
of male literates and 17.2% of female literates.
 Total working population in the study area is 52.1%. of this main

workers are 35.3% and marginal workers are 16.8%.
 Main occupation of the people in the study area is agriculture and other
works. Study area consists of 29.1% of cultivators, 47.6% agricultural
labours, 3.4% Household industry workers and 19.9% other workers.
E- 6
9 IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
9.1 Impacts due to Air Emissions

The sources of impacts are
S. Sources Nature of Emission

No
1 Raw material handling & storage area Particulate Matter
and internal transport Fugitive Dust
2 Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace Flue gas -SO2, NOX
The Overall Scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline
concentrations is shown below.
Overall Scenario in the Study Area
24 Hourly Particulate Sulphur Oxides of

Dioxide Nitrogen
Concentrations Matter
µg/m3 µg/m3
µg/m3
Baseline Scenario (Max) 44.50 8.50 12.3
Predicted Ground Level

3.19 8.03 4.29
Concentration (Max)
Overall Scenario 47.2 16.53 16.59
CPCB Standard for Industrial, Rural 100 80 80

and Residential Areas
9.2 Impact on Noise Environment

Sources: Industrial Activities
Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated is expected to be less than 60 db

(A). Predictions carried out are on as is basis without taking into consideration
any attenuation factors. Additional attenuation is expected, due to atmospheric
effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
E- 7
9.3 Impact on Water Environment

Initial Water requirement of the project is 160 KL which will be sourced from
groundwater. There is no generation of process waste water in the proposed
project. Cooling water is continuously recirculated in the cooling water circuits,
heat exchangers and discharged to the sump or holding tank of cooling towers
where evaporation losses drift losses and spillages are encountered. Domestic
waste water will be sent to the septic tank followed by dispersion trench. The
water requirement for makeup and other uses will be 34 KLD at peak level of
project operations.
9.4 Impact on Soil Environment
The main solid wastes generated from the proposed plant are Slag and Dust.
Total slag generation from the proposed plant will be 362.45TPD (228.95 TPD
of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of Silico Manganese & 8.26 TPD of Ferro
Silicon Slag). As the Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese
Manufacturing process, so only Silico Manganese and Ferro Silicon Slag of
133.50 TPD will be considered as solid waste along with Bag filter dust of 37.13
TPD.
Wastes & Quantity(TPD) Mode of Disposal
Source
Slag from 133.50 Used for filling low lying
Furnaces areas and for construction
Dust from Bag 37.13 Fly ash bricks
filters manufacturing units
The slag will be sent to brick and cement manufacturing units & also used in
filling Low Lying areas, Construction activities.
Bagfilters Dust will be disposed to cement manufacturing units, where this

dust will be used as 10% substitute for cement. It is also used in Brick
manufacturing units also.
Apart from these there is no storage/ generation of hazardous waste in this

proposed plant.
E- 8
Landscaping can be done around the administrative building, tanks etc

according to the CPCB guidelines. This will help in preserving the ecological
conditions.
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
To effectively implement the environmental management plan, the

Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established and manned by
qualified professionals.
The management has committed for a capital budget of Rs. 6 Crores towards
EMP and mitigation measures with an estimated recurring expenditure of
Rs. 0.70 Crores per annum.
10.1 Air Pollution Management

To mitigate the air pollution impacts of the proposed project, the following
measures will be taken.
1. Installation of Reverse Pulse Jet Bag Filters to arrest dust at source.

2. Installation of four Stacks with height of 30 mts each for effective
dispersion of pollutants and
3. Installation of Water sprinklers to arrest fugitive dust.
10.2 Noise Pollution Management

To mitigate the noise pollution impacts due to the proposed project the
following measures will be implemented.
1. Use of concrete and masonry walls and barriers – keeping in view the
benefits of stiffness, weight and cavity construction and the need to
provide well sealed sound attenuating doors and windows.
2. Use of complete or partial enclosures.
3. Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended
ceilings.
E- 9
4. Introduction of control and monitoring rooms with good sound insulation

properties.
5. Reduction or elimination of noise leakage paths.
6. Use of vibration insulation techniques.
10.3 Water Pollution Management

There is no discharge of wastewater from the proposed project. Cooling water
will be continuously recirculated in the cooling circuit and domestic effluent 6
KLD will be treated and sent to septic tank followed by soak pit.
3 nos of Rain water harvest pits will be provisioned for recharging the ground
water.
10.4 Soil Pollution Management

1. 33 % of the total area (i.e., 3.88 ac.) along the periphery inside the plant
will be developed as greenbelt.
2. All raw materials and slag generated will be stored on concrete floors
3. Internal roads will be paved/ brick pathed.
10.5 Employment
Due to the proposed project, direct employment and indirect employment will
be around 140. Unskilled manpower will be filled with local village people.
Continual and sustainable employment of nearly 300 persons by the project
would spur indirect employment, especially in the small business and services
segment, in the local economy.
11 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
A well planned Emergency Management Plan in focusing on fire safety

precautions and measures handling overhead cranes etc. is concerned to
enable the management to handle and cope with any in-house accidents and
disaster.
E- 10
12 CONCLUSION
Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of
the pollution control and mitigation measures, the proposed project will be
beneficial to the society and will help reduce the demand – supply gap of Ferro
alloys and will contribute to the economic development of the region in
particular and country in general.
E- 11
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3. ô|òÁs√ dæ*ø±Hé 27,264
2.0 Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\T ` eTT&ç düs¡T≈£î\T :
Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· ñ‘·Ô‘·TŒ\T : ô|òÁs√ e÷+>∑˙dt, dæ*ø√e÷+>∑˙dt eT]j·TT ô|òÁs√
dæ*ø±Hé
eTT&ç düs¡T≈£î\T: Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\≈£î e÷+>∑˙dt Kì»+,
&√\yÓTÆ{Ÿ, ø±«sYºCŸ, ô|òÁs√ e÷+>∑˙dt kÕ¢>¥, ô|s¡˝Ÿø√ø˘, m\Áø√º&é ù|dtº, myéT.mdt.
sö+&é‡, ø±dæ+º >¥ w”{Ÿ‡ eT]j·TT sêø£då ü uÀ>∑T\Z qT eTT&ç düsT¡ ≈£î\T>± ñ|üj÷Ó –+#Ó<sä T¡ .
2.1 ‘·j·÷s¡T #˚j·TT $<Ûëq+ :
ô|Áò s√ e÷+>∑˙dt, dæ*ø√e÷+>∑˙dt eT]j·TT ô|Áò s√ dæ*ø±Hé ñ‘·Œ‘·T\Ô ‘·j÷· s¡T
#˚j·TT $<ÛëqeTTqT u§>∑TZ düeTø£å+˝À Ä¬ø’‡&é Kì»eTT\ ª$<äT´‘Y ø£åj·Tø£s¡D+µ
n+<äTs¡T.
eTT&ç düs¡T≈£î\qT ‘·>∑T bÕfi¯fl˝À $TÁX¯eT+ #˚dæ, ]ÁbòÕø£åØ ˝…’ì+>¥ ø£*–q
düuŸ yÓTsY®&é m\ÁøÏºø˘ ÄsYÿ |òüπsïdt˝ÀìøÏ #ÛêsY® #˚dæ 18000 ôd+{°Áπ>&é e<ä› ìØí‘·
ø±\eTT es¡≈£î eTs¡–+#Ó<äs¡T.
ÄsYÿ |òsπü ïdt˝Àì ô|’ #ÛêsY\® ≈£î 3 m\Áø√º&‡é <ë«sê $<äT´‘YqT düs|¡ süò ê #˚ôd<äsT¡ .
Á<äes¡÷|ü+˝ÀqTqï eT]–q n˝≤¢jTY $TÁX¯e÷ìï <äTø£ÿ ÇqTeTT‘√ ‘·j÷· s¡T#˚jT· ã&çq
eT÷dü\˝À ì+|æ |òTü ˙uÛ$Ñ +|ü#j ˚ T· T<äTs¡T. Á<äes¡÷|ü+˝À ñqï eT]–q $TÁX¯eTeTT‘√
bÕ≥T yÓ\e&ÉT |òüTq e´s¡∆ |ü<ës¡∆eTT\T |òüT˙uÛÑ$+#·T düeTj·T+˝À rdæy˚j·Tã&ÉTqT.
3.0 |üsêés¡D Á|üuÛ≤e|ü⁄ |ü]o\q :
Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· ô|’ |ü]ÁX¯eT≈£î |üsêés¡DeTT eT]j·TT n&Ée⁄\T eT+Á‹‘·«XÊK
yê] |üsêés¡D nqTeT‹ nedüs¡yÓTÆq+<äTq l kÕsTTe÷qdü H˚#·sY f…ø˘ Áô|’
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*$Tf…&é ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é yês¡T |üsêés¡D Á|üuÛ≤e|ü⁄ n<Ûä´j·Tq |ü]o\q ìs¡«Væ≤+∫].

á |ü]ÁX¯eT jÓTTø£ÿ |üsêés¡D Á|üuÛ≤e|ü⁄ |ü]o\q n<Ûä´j·Tq+ |ü]ÁX¯eT düú\eTT
eT]j·TT |ü]ÁX¯eT #·T≥÷º 10 øÏ.MT |ü]~Û˝Àì á ÁøÏ+~ Á|ü<X˚ e¯ TT\˝À #˚jT· ã&çq~.
Áø£.dü Á|ü<˚X¯eTT
1. ÁbÕC…≈î£ º Á|ü<X˚ e¯ TT
2. –]yê] bÕ˝…+
3. dü+#êyéT
4. ô|’&ç ;ÛeTes¡yéT
5. ø£ìyÓTfi¯fl
6. eT˝≤´&É
7. u§<äù› |≥
8. e\÷¢sT¡
9. e]düyTé
á |üsêés¡D Á|üuÛ≤e|ü⁄ |ü]o\q˝À Á|üdüTÔ‘· |üsêés¡D kÕúsTT eT]j·TT
|üsêés¡DeTT¬ø’ |ü]ÁX¯eT ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\ e\q ø£\T>∑T Á|üuÛ≤eeTT\qT n+#·Hê
y˚jT· T≥¬ø’ á ÁøÏ+~ |üsêés¡D n+X¯eTT\qT |ü]~Û˝ÀøÏ rdüTø=ì |ü]o*+#·&yÉ TÓ qÆ ~.
1. yê‘êes¡D kÕúsTT ` 1 kÕúqeTT
2. yêj·TT |üsêés¡DeTT ` 8 kÕúqeTT\T
3. X¯ã∆ |üsêés¡D+ ` 8 kÕúqeTT\T
4. »\ |üsêés¡D+ ` 10 kÕúqeTT\T
5. uÛÑ÷ |üsêés¡D+ ` 8 kÕúqeTT\T
6. Je |üsêés¡D+ ` 10 øÏ.MT |ü]~Û˝À
7. kÕe÷õø£, Ä]∆ø£ |üsêés¡D+ ` 10 øÏ.MT |ü]~Û˝À
mì«sêHéyÓT+{Ÿ Ç+bÕø˘º nôddtyÓT+{Ÿ n<Ûä´j·Tq+˝À uÛ≤>∑+>± |òæÁuÛÑe] 2011
qT+&ç @Á|æj·T˝Ÿ 2011 ø±\eTT˝À |üsêés¡D n<Ûä´j·TqeTT #˚j·T&ÉyÓTÆq~.
-3-
3.1 yê‘êes¡D dæú‹ :
Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT Äes¡DeTT˝À yÓTÆÁø√ yÓT{ÏjÓ÷sê˝Àõø£˝Ÿ ùdºwüHé nH˚
|ü ] ø£ s ¡ e TTqT neT]ÃHês¡ T . á |ü ] ø£ s ¡ e TT yê‘êes¡ D dæ ú ‹ n+fÒ >±*
~XÊìπs∆X¯eTTqT, >±* y˚>∑eTT, yê‘êes¡D ‘˚eT, es¡¸bÕ‘·eTT eT]j·TT ñc˛íÁ>∑‘·\T
qyÓ÷<äT #˚j·TTqT.
Á|üdüTÔ‘· |ü]dæú‹ :
Áø£.dü n+X¯eTT qyÓ÷<Óq’ $\Te
1. >±* ~X¯ SW
2. >±* y˚>∑eTT 0.5 qT+&ç 5.5 m/s
3.2 yêj·TT |üsêés¡DeTT :

yêj·TT ø±\TwüéTTqT Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT düú\eTT eT]j·TT #·T≥÷º 8
Á|ü<˚X¯eTT\˝À |üØøÏå+#·>±, >±*˝Àì <Ûä÷[ ø£DeTT\T, dü\Œ¤sY &Ó’ Ä¬ø’‡&é\ kÕ+Á<ä‘·
C≤rj·T, HêD´‘· Á|üe÷DeTT\ ˝Àã&ç ñqï≥T¢>± ‘Ó*dæq~.
$es¡eTT\T ÁøÏ+~ |ü{Ïºø£˝À ‘Ó\|ü&ÉyÓTÆq~.
Áø£.dü+. ø±\TwüéTT kÕ+Á<ä‘· C≤rj·T Á|üe÷DeTT\T
01. |æ.myéT 2.5 10.1 ` 26.6 60
02. |æ.myéT 10 19.9 ` 44.5 100
03. dü\Œ¤sY &Ó’ Ä¬ø’‡&é 4.0 ` 8.5 80
04. HÓ’Á{À»Hé Ä¬ø’‡&é 8.0 ` 12.3 80
05. ø±s¡“¤Hé yÓ÷Hê¬ø’‡&é <1 |æ.|æ.myéT 4 $T.Á>±/|òüT.MT
(nìï $\Te\T yÓTÆÁø√Á>±eTT\T / |òüT.MT)
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3.3 X¯ã› |üsêés¡DeTT :

X¯ã› ø±\TwüéTTqT 8 Á|ü<˚X¯eTT\˝À |üØøÏå+#·>±, X¯ã› rÁe‘· |ü>∑{Ïy˚fi¯
42.9 &Ódæu…˝Ÿ‡ qT+&ç 51.0 &Ódæu…˝Ÿ‡ es¡≈£î eT]j·TT sêÁ‹ y˚fi¯˝À 35.6 &Ódæu…˝Ÿ‡
qT+&ç 38.9 &Ódæu…˝Ÿ‡ es¡≈£î qyÓ÷<äT nsTTq$.
3.4 »\ |üsêés¡DeTT :
8 Á|ü<˚X¯eTT\˝À uÛÑ÷>∑s¡“¤»\eTTqT eT]j·TT 2 Á|ü<˚X¯eTT˝˝À uÛÑ÷
ñ|ü]‘·\+ q+<äT \_Û+#·T ˙{Ïì |üØøÏå+#·>± yê{Ï $\Te\T ◊.j·Tdt. 10500
˙{Ï Á|üe÷DeTT\ ˝Àã&ç ñqï≥T¢>± ‘Ó*dæq~.
3.5 uÛÑ÷|üsêés¡DeTT :
eT{Ïº qeT÷Hê\qT 8 Á|ü<˚X¯eTT\˝À |üØøÏå+#·>± uÛÑ÷kÕs¡eTT kÕ<Ûës¡D+>±
ñqï≥T¢ ‘Ó*dæq~.
3.6 Je |üsêés¡DeTT :
n<Ûä´j·Tq Á|ü<˚X¯eTT\˝À JesêX¯ó\T, #Ó≥T¢, yÓTTø£ÿ\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫q
$esê\qT ùdø£]+#·&É+ »]–q~. Çø£ÿ&É ns¡T<äT>± ø£ì|æ+#˚ Á|ü‘˚´ø£yÓTÆq
JesêX¯ó\T ˝Òe⁄.
3.7 kÕe÷õø£ Ä]∆ø£ |üsêés¡DeTT :
Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT e\q á ÁbÕ+‘·|ü⁄ yêdüT\≈£î Á|ü‘·´ø£å eT]j·TT |üs√ø£å
ñ<√´>±eø±X¯eTT\T ø£\T>∑TqT. n+<äTe\q á ÁbÕ+‘·|ü⁄ Á|ü»\ Ä]∆ø£ k˛úeT‘·
>∑D˙j·T+>± ô|s¡T>∑TqT. Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT e\q á Á|ü<˚X¯eTTq+<äT
$<ëéø±X¯eTT\T, s¡yêD≤ kÂø£s¡éTT\T, Äs√>∑´ dü+s¡ø£åD eT]j·TT düe÷#ês¡
kÂø£s¡éTT n_Ûeè~∆ #Ó+<äTqT.
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Áø£.dü n+X¯eTT qyÓ÷<Ó’q yÓTT‘·ÔeTT
1. yÓTT‘·eÔ TT >∑èVü≤eTT\T 20,547
2. yÓTT‘·Ô+ »HêuÛ≤ 106910
3. yÓTT‘·+Ô nø£´å sêdü´‘· 36,065
4. yÓTT‘·Ô+ ôw.≈£î ôw.‘Ó 13,215
5. yÓTT‘·Ô+ |üì#˚j·TT yêfi¯ófl 48,752
4. |üsêés¡DeTTô|’ |ü]ÁX¯eT ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\ (ñ‘·Œ‹Ô) e\¢ ø£\T>∑T Á|üuÛ≤eeTT.

4.1 yêj·TT |üsêés¡DeTT
Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· n˝≤¢sTTdt ñ‘·Œ‹Ô e\q ø£\T>∑T yêj·TT ø±\TwüéTTqT
◊.j·Tdt.{Ï.j·Tdt.{Ï`3 ø£+|üP´≥sY yÓ÷&É*+>¥ <ë«sê >∑Dq #˚j·T&ÉyÓTÆq~.
$es¡eTT\T ÁøÏ+~ |ü{Ïºø£˝À ‘Ó\T|ü&ÉyÓTÆq~.
Áø£.dü+. 24 >∑+ˆˆ\ kÕ+Á<ä‘· |æ.myéT 10 dü\Œ¤sY &Ó’ Ä¬ø’‡&é HÓ’Á{À»Hé Ä¬ø’‡&é
01. >∑]wü˜ kÕ+Á<ä‘· 44.5 6.2 12.3
02. n+#·Hê y˚j·Tã&çq kÕ+Á<ä‘· 3.19 8.03 4.29
03. yÓTT‘·Ô+ kÕ+Á<ä‘· 47.2 16.53 16.59
04. Á|üe÷DeTT\T 100 80 80
(nìï $\Te\T yÓTÆÁø√Á>±eTT\T / |òüT.MT)
1. Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\ e\¢ uÛÑ÷>∑s¡“¤ »\ eqs¡T\ô|’

m≥Te+{Ï Á|üuÛ≤e+ ñ+&É<äT.
2. Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT˝À yÓTT<ä≥>± 160 øÏ˝À ©≥s¡¢ ˙s¡T o‘·©ø£sD ¡ Á|üÁøÏjT· ≈£î,
>∑èVü≤√edüs¡eTT\T, yÓTTø£ÿ\ ô|+|üø£eTTq≈£î eT]j·TT <Ûä÷[ ø±\Twü´ ìyês¡D
-6-
Á|üÁøÏj·T≈£î nedüs¡eT>∑TqT. Ç+<äT˝À 126 øÏ.˝À ©≥s¡¢ ˙{Ïì Ødüs¡Tÿ´˝Ò{Ÿ

#˚dæ eTs¡\ ñ|üjÓ÷–+#Ó<äs¡T. ø±e⁄q s√E≈£î 34 øÏ.˝À ©≥s¡¢ ˙s¡T
nedüs¡eT>∑TqT.
3. Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· |ü]ÁX¯eT˝À ñ‘·Œ‹Ô ø±s¡´ø±˝≤bÕ\e\¢ m≥Te+{Ï e´s¡∆ ˙s¡T »ì+∫q
>∑èVü‰edüs¡ e´s¡∆ ˙s¡T ôd|æºø˘ {≤´+ø˘˝ÀøÏ |ü+|üã&ÉTqT.
4.3 X¯ã› |üsêés¡DeTT :
X¯ã› |üsêés¡D $\Te\T Á|ü‹bÕ~+∫q Á|üe÷D |ü]$T‘·T\˝ÀH˚ ñqï$.
4.4Je |üsêés¡DeTT :
Á|ü‹bÕ~ø£ |ü]ÁX¯eT ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\T e\q Je |üsêés¡D+ô|’ m≥Te+{Ï
Á|üuÛ≤e+ #·÷|üã&É<äT.
5. |üsêés¡D ìs¡«Vü≤D Á|üD≤[ø£ :
|ü]ÁX¯eT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô ìs¡«Væ≤+#·T≥ e\q ø£\T>∑T ø±\TwüéTTqT dæú$T‘·eTT
#˚j·TT≥≈£î j·÷»e÷q´+ yês¡T á ~>∑Te $e]+|üã&çq |ü<ä›‘·T\qT
nqTdü]+#Ó<äs¡T.
5.1 yêj·TT |üsêés¡DeTT :
|ü]ÁX¯eT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô n>∑T <Ûä÷[ eT]j·TT yêj·TT ø±\TwüéTTqT ‘·–Z+#·T≥≈£î á
ÁøÏ+~ ‘Ó*|æq $<ÛëqeTT\qT bÕ{Ï+#Ó<äs¡T.
1. <äTeTTà eT]j·TT yêj·TT ø±\TwüéTT\qT ìj·TÁ‹+#·T |ü]ø£s¡eTT\qT ñ‘·Œ‹Ô
ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#·T≥≈£î eTT+<˚ neTs¡TÃ≥.
2. n+‘·s¡Z‘· s¡Vü≤<ës¡T\ô|’ ˙{Ïì #·\T¢≥.
3. bı>∑ >=≥º+ eT]j·TT yêj·TT |üsêés¡DeTTqT Á|ü‹ ~q+ e÷ì≥]+>¥ #˚jT· T≥.
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4. |ò ü π s ïdt \ qT+&ç ñ<ä “ ¤ $ +∫q bı>∑ eT]j· T T yêsTT ø±\Twü ´ eTTqT

ìj·T+Á‹+#·T≥≈£î u≤´>¥ |òæ\ºsY‡ nqT |ü]ø£s¡eTTqT neT¬sÃ<äs¡T.
1. |ü]ÁX¯eT ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\e\¢ »\ |üsêés¡D+ô|’ m≥Te+{Ï Á|üuÛ≤e+ ñ+&É<äT.
2. á |ü]ÁX¯eT qT+&ç m≥Te+{Ï e´s¡∆ ˙s¡T $dü]®+#·ã&É<äT. >∑èVü‰edüs¡ e´s¡∆
˙s¡T ôd|æºø˘ {≤´+≈£î˝ÀìøÏ |ü+|ü⁄<äTs¡T.
5.3 X¯ã› ø±\TwüéTT :
X¯ã› ø±\Twü´ ìj·T+Á‘·D á $<ÛäeTT>± #˚j·TT<äTs¡T.
1. s√&É≈¢ î£ Çs¡TyÓ|’ ⁄ü \ eT]j·TT |ü]ÁX¯eT ˝À|ü\ dü]Vü≤<äT\› yÓ+≥ #Ó≥q¢ T Hê≥T≥.
2. |ü]ÁX¯eT˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T j·T+Á‘·eTT\qT dü]>± yÓTsTT+f…HÓHé‡ #˚j·TT≥.
3. j·T+Á‘·eTT\ e<ä› |üì#˚jT· T dæã“+~øÏ, Çj·TsY |ü>¢ ‡¥ ˝≤+{Ï |ü]ø£sê\qT düs|¡ süò ê
#˚j·TT≥.
5.4 e´s¡∆ |ü<ës¡∆eTT\qT bÕs¡y˚j·TT≥ :
s√EøÏ düTe÷s¡T 362.45 ≥qTï\T (s√EøÏ 228.95 ≥qTï\ ô|Áò s√ e÷+>∑˙dt
XÊ¢>¥, s√EøÏ 125.24 ≥qTï\ dæ*ø√ e÷+>∑˙dt XÊ¢>¥ eT]j·TT 8.26
≥qTï\ ô|Áò s√ dæ\ø±Hé XÊ¢>)¥ |òTü q e´s¡e∆ TT\T ñ‘·Œ‹Ô n>∑TqT. ô|Áò s√ e÷+>∑˙dt
XÊ¢>¥qT dæ\ø√ e÷+>∑˙dt ‘·j·÷Ø $<ÛëqeTT˝À $ìjÓ÷–+#Ó<äs¡T. ø±e⁄q
s√EøÏ 37.13 ≥qTï\ u≤´>¥ |òæ\ºsY <Ûä÷[ì eT]j·TT s√EøÏ 133.50
≥qTï\ dæ\ø√ e÷+>∑˙dt XÊ¢>,¥ ô|Áò s√dæ*ø±Hé XÊ¢>¥ e÷Á‘·yT˚ |òTü qe´s¡e∆ TT\T>±
$&ÉT<ä\>∑TqT. á XÊ¢>¥qT |ü\¢|ü⁄ ÁbÕ+‘·eTT\T ì+|ü⁄≥≈£î, Ç≥Tø£\T eT]j·TT
dæyÓT+{Ÿ ‘·j·÷Ø |ü]ÁX¯eT\ ø=s¡≈£î eT]j·TT s√&ÉT¢ ìsêàDeTTq≈£î
‘·s*¡ +#Ó<sä T¡ . u≤´>¥ |ò\æ sº Y <Û÷ä [ì ≈£L&Ü Ç≥Tø£\T eT]j·TT dæyTÓ +{Ÿ ‘·j÷· Ø
|ü]ÁX¯eT\ ø=s¡≈£î ‘·s¡*+#Ó<äs¡T.
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5.5 yÓTTø£ÿ\ ô|+|üø£eTT :

1. ø£s¡Te⁄ Á|ü<˚XÊ\qT ‘·≥Tºø=ì, Ä≈£î\ kÕ+Á<ä‘· m≈£îÿe⁄>± ñ+&ç, ‘·«s¡>±
ô|s¡T>∑Tq≥Te+{Ï eèø£åC≤‘·T\qT ô|+#·T≥.
2. |ü]ÁX¯eT˝Àì düTe÷s¡T 3.88 mø£se¡ TT\ dü\ú eTTqT yÓTTø£ÿ\ ô|+|üøe£ TTq≈£î
ñ|üjÓ÷–+#Ó<äs¡T.
5.6 n‘·édüs¡ |ü]dæú‘·T\ ìs¡«Vü≤D:
á Á|ü‹bÕ~‘· m˝≤¢sTTdt ñ‘·Œ‹Ô, #ê˝≤ ‘˚*ø£>±H˚ eT]j·TT m≥Te+{Ï
Á|üe÷<ë\T dü+uÛÑ$+#·&ÜìøÏ ÄkÕÿs¡+ ˝Ò≈£î+&É »s¡T|üã&ÉTqT. ø£+ô|˙
j·÷»e÷q´+yês¡T #ê˝≤ C≤Á>∑‘·Ô>± eT]j·TT ÄdüøÏÔ‘√ ø£+ô|˙˝À uÛÑÁ<ä‘ê
Á|üe÷D≤\qT bÕ{Ï+#·&ÜìøÏ dü+dæ<ä∆+>± ñ+&ç, ‘·<äqT>∑TDyÓTÆq
yê‘êes¡DeTTqT ø£*Œ+#Ó<äs¡T. j·÷»e÷q´+ eT]j·TT ø£+ô|˙ Ç‘·s¡
dæã“+~ n+<äs¡÷ uÛÑÁ<ä‘ê Á|üe÷D≤\ô|’ ‘·–q+‘· ne>±Vü≤q ø£*– ñ
+&Ó<äs¡T.
6.0 |üsêés¡D |ü]s¡ø£åD |ü<∏äø£eTT ìs¡«Vü≤D e´j·TeTT :
¬s|òü˝…®+{Ÿ m˝≤¢sTTdt mHé d”º˝Ÿ *$Tf…&é yês¡T |üsêés¡D |ü]s¡ø£åD
j·÷»e÷q´ |ü<∏äø£eTT ø=s¡≈£î 6 ø√≥¢ s¡÷bÕj·T\T e´j·T+ #˚ôd<äs¡T.
7.0 ÁbÕC…≈£îº ‘·sê«‘· ìs¡«Vü≤D |ü<∏äø£eTT :`
¬s|òü˝…®+{Ÿ m˝≤¢sTTdt mHé d”º˝Ÿ *$Tf…&é yês¡T πø+Á<ä ø±\Twü´ ìj·T+Á‘·D
eT+&É* eT]j·TT Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ ø±\Twü´ ìj·T+Á‘·D eT+&É* yê] ìj·Te÷\
Á|üø±s¡+ |üsêés¡D |ü]s¡ø£åD |ü<∏äø£+˝À uÛ≤>∑+>± nìï edü‘·T\‘√ ≈£L&çq
Á|üjÓ÷>∑XÊ\ eT]j·TT ìj·T+Á‘·D |ü]ø£s¡eTT\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚ôd<äs¡T eT]j·TT
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-9-
EIA REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
S.No PARTICULARS PAGE.NO
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of the Report 1
1.2 Status of the Project 1
1.3 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 1
1.4 Promoters 2
1.5 Project Cost 2
1.6 Location of the Project Site 2
1.7 Project Importance 6
2.0 Project Description 8
2.1 Type of Project 8
2.2 Need For The Project 8
2.3 Project Site Location And Plant Layout 8
2.4 Products & Production Capacities 10
2.5 Raw Materials Requirement 10
2.5.1 Chemical And Physical Properties Of Raw Materials 11
2.5.2 Source of Raw Materials 12
2.6 Manufacturing Process 12
2.6.1 Basic Process 12
2.6.2 Smelting Procedure 13
2.6.3 Ferro –Manganese Manufacturing Process 15
2.6.4 Silico-Manganese Manufacturing Process 16
2.6.5 Ferro-Silicon Manufacturing Process: 18
2.7 Plant Facilities & Other Requirements 19
2.7.1 Raw Material Receipt And Storage Yard 19
2.7.2 Raw Material Handling System 19
2.7.3 Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace 20
2.7.4 Hot Metal Handling 20
2.8 Control & Instrumentation (C & I) 21
2.8.1 Utilities & Services 21
2.8.2 Compressed Air System 21
2.8.3 Electrical Power Supply And Distribution 21
2.8.4 Fire Protection Facilities 22
2.10 Utilities 23
2.10.1 Water Requirement 23
2.10.2 Wastewater Generation 23
2.11 Land Requirement 24
2.12 Man Power Requirement 24
2.13 Power Requirement 24
3.0 Description of Environment 25
3.1 Scope 25
3.2 Methodology of EIA 25
3.2.1 Micro Meteorology 26
3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality 26
3.2.3 Noise Environment 27
3.2.4 Water Environment 27
3.2.5 Land Environment 28
3.2.6 Biological Environment 28
3.2.7 Socio- Economic Environment 28
Prediction of Impacts, Environmental Management Plan &
3.3 28
Disaster Management Plan
3.4 Baseline Environment 30
3.4.1 Micro Meteorology Of Study Area 30
3.5 Ambient Air Quality 33
3.5.1 Sampling & Testing Methodology 36
3.5.2 Analysis of Baseline Concentrations 36
3.6 Noise Environment 37
3.7 Water Environment 41
3.8 Land Environment 45
3.8.1 Soil Quality 45
3.8.2 Soil Samples Within 10 Km Radius 47
3.9 Traffic Survey 47
3.9.1 Methodology 49
3.9.2 Existing Traffic 49
3.10 Biological Environment 49
3.10.1 Flora 49
3.10.2 Fauna 50
3.11 Socio Economic Environment 50
3.12 Remote Sensing Study 51
3.12.1 Introduction 51
3.12.2 Project Site Location 52
3.12.3 Study Area 52
3.12.4 Role of Remote Sensing And GIS 52
3.12.5 Remote Sensing (Rs) 52
3.12.6 GIS 53
3.12.7 Data Products 54
3.13 Spatial Data Generated From Top Sheets 60
Spatial Data Generated from Satellite Data and other
3.14 66
datasets
3.15 Generation Of Thematic Layers 69
3.15 .1 Land Use/Land Cover Mapping 69
3.15.2 Geomorphology Map 80
3.15.3 Ground Water Potential Map 83
4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 85
4.1 Air Environment 86
4.2 Stack Height Estimation 87
4.3 Meteorological Data 88
4.4 Model Employed 88
4.5 Noise Environment 93
4.6 Water Environment 95
4.7 Land Environment 95
4.8 Socio – Economic environment 96
5.0 Analysis Of Alternatives (Technology & Site) 97
5.1 Analysis Of Alternative Technology 97
5.2 Analysis Of Alternative Sites 97
6.0 Environmental Monitoring Program 98
6.1 Environmental Monitoring 98
6.1.1 Meteorology 98
6.1.2 Ambient Air Quality 98
6.1.3 Water Quality 99
6.1.5 Occupational Health 99
Budget For Implementation Of Environmental Management
6.2 99
Plan
7.0 Additional Studies 100
7.1 Public Consultation 100
Risk Assessment And Approach To Emergency Preparedness
7.2 100
Plan
7.2.1 Preliminary Accident/ Hazard Analysis 101
7.2.2 Potential Hazards 103
7.2.3 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis 104
7.2.4 Pool Fire Model 104
7.2.5 Scenarios for MCA Analysis 105
7.2.6 Consequence Analysis 106
Fire Protection and Safety Measures for Fire and Explosion
7.2.7 107
Hazards
7.2.8 Emergency Preparedness Plan 107
7.2.9 Structure of Emergency Management 108
7.2.9.1 Noticing the Accidents 108
7.2.9.2 Informing declarer of Emergency 109
7.2.9.3 Declaration of Emergency 109
7.2.9.4 Functions of Declarer 110
7.2.9.5 Interaction with Outside Agencies 110
7.3 Evacuation of Workers and Shut Down of Operations 111
7.3.1 Evacuation of Workers 111
7.3.2 Control of Emergency 112
7.3.3 Emergency Equipment 112
7.3.4 Training Facilities 112
7.3.5 Interaction with outside Agencies 114
7.3.5.1 Treatment of affected persons 114
7.3.5.2 Interaction with Police 114
7.3.5.3 Interaction with Fire Brigade 114
7.3.5.4 Interaction with Public & Press 115
7.3.5.5 All Clear Signal 115
8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 116
8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 116
8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 116
8.3 Employment Potential 116
8.4 Socio Economic Benefits 116
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 117
9.1 EMP During Construction Phase 118
9.1.1 Air Environment 118
9.1.5 Socio – Economic Environment 119
9.2 Environmental Management Plan – Operational Phase 119
9.2.1 Air Environment 119
9.2.2 System description 119
9.2.3 Fugitive Dust Control 125
9.2.7 Solid waste generation 128
9.3 Measures for Improvement of Ecology 129
9.3.1 Plantation for Aesthetics 129
9.3.2 Green Belt Development 129
9.3.3 Action Plan for Development of Green Belt 131
9.4 Socio Economic Environment 132
9.5 Occupational Safety & Health Management 133
9.6 Post Project Monitoring 133
9.6.1 Monitoring Strategy 133
9.6.2 Stack Monitoring 134
9.6.3 Ambient Air Monitoring 134
9.6.4 Noise Monitoring 134
9.6.5 Micro Meteorological Observations 134
9.6.6 Monitoring of Outlet Cooling Water 135
9.6.7 Monitoring of Effluents Streams 135
9.6.8 Monitoring of Water Quality 135
9.7 Infrastructure for Environmental Protection 135
9.8 Environmental Management Cell 136
9.9 CREP 137
10 Summary & Conclusion 140
10.1 Summary 140
10.2 Conclusion 142
11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 143
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Location Map 3
Figure 1.2 Topo Map 4
Figure 2.1 Plant Layout 9
Figure 2.2 Process Flow Diagram Ferro Alloy Plant 15
Figure 2.3 Energy Balance For Ferro Manganese 16
Figure 2.4 Energy Balance For Silico Manganese 17
Figure 2.5 Energy Balance For Ferro-Silicon 19
Figure 3.1 Wind Rose Diagram 32
Figure 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 35
Figure 3.3 Noise Monitoring Locations Map 40
Figure 3.4 Water Sampling Locations Map 43
Figure 3.5 Soil Sampling Locations Map 46
Figure 3.6 Locations Map Of Traffic Survey 48
Figure 3.7 Showing Base Map of the Study Area 61
Figure 3.8 Showing Road Network Map of the Study Area 63
Figure 3.9 Showing Drainage Map of the Study Area 65
Figure 3.10 Showing Satellite Image of the Study Area 68
Figure 3.11 Flow Chart For Lu/Lc Mapping Methodology 77
Figure 3.12 Showing Land Use / Land Cover Map Of The 79
Study Area
Figure 3.13 Showing Geomorphology Map of the Study Area 82
Figure 3.14 Ground Water Potential Map of the Study Area 84
Figure 4.1 Ground Level Concentrations Of Particulate 90
Matter
Figure 4.2 Ground Level Concentrations Of So2 91

Figure 4.3 Ground Level Concentrations Of Nox 92
Figure 9.1 Ferro Alloys dust extraction system 126
Figure 9.2 Flow Chart Of Organisation Setup – 137
Environmental Cell
Figure 9.3 Rain Water Harvesting Structure 138
LIST OF TABLES
Table No TABLE NAME Page No

Table 1.1 Salient Features Of The Project Site 5
Table 2.1 Products, Production Capacities & Furnace Capacity Details 10
Table 2.2 Raw Material Consumptions Per Tonne Ferro- Manganese 10
Table 2.3 Raw Material Consumptions Per Tonne Silico- Manganese 10
Table 2.4 Raw Material Consumptions For Tonne of Ferro Silicon 11
Table 2.5 Chemical And Physical Properties Of Raw Materials 11
Table 2.6 Raw Materials and Sources 12
Table 2.7 Material Balance for Ferro Manganese 16
Table 2.8 Material Balance for Silico Manganese 17
Table 2.9 Material Balance for Ferro Silicon 18
Table 2.10 Water Balance 23
Table 2.11 Land breakup 24
Table 3.1 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring 29
Table 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 33
Table 3.3 Sampling And Testing Methodology 36
Table 3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Values 36
Table 3.5 Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Stations 39
Table 3.6 Noise Levels During Study Period 41
Table 3.7 Water Sampling Locations 42
Table 3.8 Soil Sampling Locations 45
Table 3.9 Traffic Study Locations 47
Table 3.10 Traffic Survey 49
Table 3.11 Details of Sources & the Maps Prepared 55
Table 3.12 Survey of India’s Topographic Maps 55
Table 3.13 Satellite Data of National Remote Sensing Centre 55
Table 3.14 Showing The Usages Land Use / Land Cover Classification 72
System
Table 3.15 Land Use / Land Cover Statistics of the Study Area 80
Table 4.1 Nature of Emission and Pollutant 86
Table 4.2 Emission Details of Proposed Furnace 87
Table 4.3 Overall Scenario within Study Area 93
Table 4.4 Composition Of Slag In % 96
Table 7.1 Shows the Systems and its possible events 103
Table 7.2 Shows damage level for different level of heat radiations 105
Table 7.3 Shows Effects with respect to thermal doses 106
Table 9.1 The connection details 120
Table 9.2 Technical Specifications of proposed Bag Filter 121
Table 9.3 Heat Exchanger with All Standard Accessories 123
Table 9.4 List of Plants Identified for Roadside Plantations and 130
Shelter Belt
Table 9.5 Budget For Implementation Of Environmental 139
Management Plan
Table 10.1 Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 140
List of Annexure
Annexure A Ambient Air Quality Analysis Report

Annexure B Noise Quality Monitoring
Annexure C Water Analysis Report
Annexure D Soil Quality Analysis Report
Annexure E Traffic Survey
Annexure F Flora
Annexure G Fauna
Annexure H Socio- Economic Data
Annexure I Mean Meteorology
Annexure J Public Hearing Minutes
Annexure K Digital Elevation Model
Annexure L Flood Zonation map
CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED,
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), DRAFT EIA REPORT
CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi issued a new

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification S.O. 1533 on 14-09-2006. As
per the notification, the proposed Ferro Alloy manufacturing project is categorized
as Category – “A”, 3(a) Primary Metallurgical Industries. Which mandates obtaining
prior Environmental Clearance from Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), MoEF, New
Delhi.
1.2 STATUS OF THE PROJECT
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has submitted the application for Prior
Environmental Clearance as per the new EIA notification 2006, along with Form1,
Terms of Reference for EIA study and Pre - Feasibility Report in November 2010 to
MoEF. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project in the 19th meeting
held on 22nd – 23rd February 2011 and granted ToR for EIA study and prescribed
additional Terms of References to be incorporated in the EIA report vide letter No:
J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I) dated 13-04-2011.
The EIA study was carried out as per the issued ToR and Environmental Impact
Assessment study report prepared for submission to MoEF.
1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
to install 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electric Arc Furnaces with a production capacity

of 77,890 TPA of Ferro Manganese, 57,400 TPA of Silico Manganese and 27,264
TPA of Ferro Silicon
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloy plant is 77,890 TPA.
Depending on the marketability single product or mix of the three products will be
manufactured in the proposed plant.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) incorporated in 2010 under Indian
Companies act, 1956 with corporate office at #3 & 4, Ground Floor, Amrutha
Apartments, Bhanu Street, Dabagardens, and Visakhapatnam–530 020.
1 Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd,

Hyderabad.
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), EIA REPORT
CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi issued a new

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification S.O. 1533 on 14-09-2006. As
per the notification, the proposed Ferro Alloy manufacturing project is categorized
as Category – “A”, 3(a) Primary Metallurgical Industries. Which mandates obtaining
prior Environmental Clearance from Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), MoEF, New
Delhi.
1.2 STATUS OF THE PROJECT
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has submitted the application for Prior
Environmental Clearance as per the new EIA notification 2006, along with Form1,
Terms of Reference for EIA study and Pre - Feasibility Report in November 2010 to
MoEF. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project in the 19th meeting
held on 22 nd – 23rd February 2011 and granted ToR for EIA study and prescribed
additional Terms of References to be incorporated in the EIA report vide letter No:
J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I) dated 13-04-2011. As per the issued ToR we have
conducted EIA study and public hearing was conducted on 10-02-2012,
incorporating all the additional ToR and P.H minutes Final EIA Report was prepared
and submitting to MoEF.
1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has proposed to install 4 x 9 MVA
Submerged Electric Arc Furnaces with a production capacity of 77,890 TPA of Ferro
Manganese, 57,400 TPA of Silico Manganese and 27,264 TPA of Ferro Silicon at
Survey No: 191 & 192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh.
The maximum production capacity of the proposed ferro alloy plant is 77,890 TPA.
Depends on the marketability single product or three products will be
manufactured in the proposed plant.

Hyderabad.
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) incorporated in 2010 under Indian
Companies act, 1956 with corporate office at #3 & 4, Ground Floor, Amrutha
Apartments, Bhanu Street, Dabagardens, and Visakhapatnam–530 020.
1.4 PROMOTERS
Mr. Ramesh Jalan is the Managing Director of the Company. He is having strong
background and experience in Construction, Production and marketing lines. The
promoter is successfully running their other business since a decade.
1.5 PROJECT COST
The estimated project cost of proposed Ferro Alloy project is Rs 96 Crores of which
Rs 6.0 Crores will be incurred towards implementation of Environmental
Management Plan.
1.6 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
The proposed project site is located at Survey No: 191&192, Sancham Village,
Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
The location of the proposed project site is shown Figure – 1.1.
Topo Map showing the 10 km radius of the study area is given in Figure – 1.2.
Salient features of the study area are presented in below TABLE1.1

Hyderabad.
F IG U R E - 1 .1
L O C A T IO N M A P
IN D IA
ANDHRA PRADESH
A d ila b a d
K a r im n a g a r V iz ia n a g a r a m
N iz a m a ba d S r ik a k u la m
Medak W a r a n ga l
V is h a k a p a t n a m
H y de r a b a d Kham m am
East
Ranga
G o d a va ri
Reddy N a lg o nd a W est
G odavari
M a h a bo o b G u n tu r K r is h n a
nagar
K u rn o o l P ra k a sa m
A n a n t h a pu r N e llo re
C u d d a pa h
C h itt o o r
Ic h c h ap u r am
S R IK A K U L A M
K a viti
Ja la n tr a
S o m p e ta
Pa tta n g i
M a n d as a B ar u v a
T ar la k ota
K o ttu r u P alas a
K a sib u g g a
Pa ta p a tn a m
V ir a g h a tta m K o r os a va d a
N a u pa da
H ir a m a n d a la m N a n d ig a m
T em b u r u A m m a la pa du
T e k ka li
P alko n d a
S a r va ko ta
N u v a lr e v u
M u kh a lin g am K o ta b o m m a li
Ja lk u m u ru
K a viti T ilar u
R az a m
K a n o h a r am BAY O F B ENGA L
A m u d a la v a la s a N ar a s an n a p eta
S ig ad a m
D e va d a i
P on d u r u S rik a k ula m
G ar a
A r as a va lli
B udu m uru S r iku rm a m

P L A N T S IT E 
M ah fu z b h an d a ru
K u p p ili
C h a ttr am

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
TABLE 1.1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

Details of the Study Area
District & State Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
Mandal Ranastalam
Topography of the Area Overall Plane with gradual slope towards
south
Soil Type Clay and Sandy clay
Land Availability 11.42 Acres
Latitude 18°10'1.08"N
Longitude 83°36'43.58"E
General Climatic Conditions of Srikakulam District
Mean Daily Maximum Temperature 41oC
Mean Daily Minimum Temperature 19oC
Normal Annual Rainfall 1044.5m.m
Relative Humidity 72%
Wind Pattern during the study period SW
Accessibility from Project Site
Nearest Highway NH-5 (3.3 kms, S )
Nearest Railway Station Chipurupalli Railway Station (17 kms,S)
Nearest Airport Visakhapatnam Airport (59.5 kms, SW)
Nearest City Vizianagaram (22 kms, WSW )
Nearest Village Sancham (1.5 Km, NE)
Historical / Important Places
Archaeologically Important Site Nil within the study area
Historically Important Site Nil within the study area
Sensitive Places Nil within the study area
Sanctuaries / National Parks Nil within the study area
Forest Area Nil
Sesimicity Low Risk Hazard - Zone II
List of Industries Dr.Reddys Laboratories, Aurobindo pharma
Ltd, Matrix Laboratories, SMS Pharma,
Saraca Laboratories Ltd, United Breweries
Group, HBL Power systems.

Hyderabad.
1.7 PROJECT IMPORTANCE
Ferro alloys, in particular Manganese alloys are used by steel and stainless steel
industry. In steel industry, these above mentioned Ferro-alloys are being used as a
de-oxidizing agents and also adding as an alloy to improve the properties of steel
for different applications. As the nickel become costlier day-by-day, R&D is taking
place to replace nickel with manganese. This has become successful in some
grades of stainless steel. Demand for Ferro-manganese, medium carbon silicon-
manganese and low carbon Silico-manganese has gone up due to usage of these
Ferro-alloys in stainless steel.
Ferro alloy industry, which is totally dependent on the steel industry in the country,
has touched another mile stone in production as well as exports.
Increase
Indian Scenario 2006-07 2005-06
(%)
Production of the Industry (million tons) 2.00 1.65 21.21 %
Production of Manganese Alloys (million tons) 1.08 0.89 21.35 %
Production of Chrome Alloys (million tons) 0.80 0.66 21.21 %
Production of Noble Ferro Alloys (tons) 27,763 23,049 20.45 %
Exports of the Industry (million tons) 0.58 0.45 28.89 %
Exports of the Industry (Rs in millions) 18,962 13,373 41.79 %
Exports of Ferro Chrome (tons) 356,112 299,680 18.83 %
Exports of Manganese Alloys (tons) 222,877 151,678 46.94 %
Further, potentially tight supply conditions of mined raw materials like coal and
iron ore, shortage of international bulk carrying capacities and high transportation
costs, possibilities of global destabilization through rising oil prices and high rates
of inflation and interest in the developed world – also remain major causes of
concern for the world steel industry including India in the near future.
The National Steel Policy projects an export ratio (i.e., percentage of production
exported) in the range of 25-26% by 2019-20. Currently, India exports about 10%
of its total finished steel production. The milestone export ratio for the Eleventh
Plan period is estimated to remain within a range of 12% - 15% of total
production.

Hyderabad.
In the last 15 years (i.e., 1991-92 to 2005-06) import of steel as a percentage of

total consumption in India has varied between a high of 10% in 2005-06 and a low
of 4.8% in 1998-99. Import of steel during the 11th Five Year Plan is forecast to be
in the range of 3-7 million tons per year.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER – 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has proposed to install a Ferro Alloy
plant that comes under Category ‘A’ and installing 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electric
Arc Furnaces at Survey No: 191 & 192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal,
Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh.
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
Ferro alloys, in particular Manganese alloys are used by steel and stainless steel
industry. In steel industry, these above mentioned Ferro-alloys are being used as a
de-oxidizing agents and also adding as an alloy to improve the properties of steel
for different applications. As the nickel become costlier day-by-day, R&D is taking
place to replace nickel with manganese. This has become successful in some
grades of stainless steel. Demand for Ferro-manganese, medium carbon silicon-
manganese and low carbon Silico-manganese has gone up due to usage of these
Ferro-alloys in stainless steel. Ferro alloy industry, which is totally dependent on
the steel industry in the country, has touched another mile stone in production as
well as exports.
The increasing demand in carbon steel and stainless steel within the country and
globally is a welcome sign for the Ferro alloy industry for the coming years.
Consumption of manganese alloys and chrome alloys have increased considerably
in line with increase in steel and stainless steel production, and is expected to
increase further with higher growth rate in both the steel sectors.
2.3 PROJECT SITE LOCATION AND PLANT LAYOUT
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) will be located at Survey No:
191&192, Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal, Srikakulam Distirct, Andhra
Pradesh and falls between the Latitude 18o10’1.08.” N and Longitude 83o36’43.58”
E.

Hyderabad.
109992
E 1519
460
CE GAT 01
RITY
0
6000
ENTRAN SECU OM
RO
H
WE IG
E
HOUS
SI
RO AD
1800
4M WID E 0
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6M WIDE ROAD
11
ID GE
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6000 WEIG ME
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ETS DE RO
6M WI R
BO
TOIL BUILT UP AREA DETAILS
WI UN
DE
20000
1 70 00 GR AREA
15 00 0 1 500 0 800 0 9 00 0
DESCRIPTION
DA
ADMINISTRATION
EE
BUILDING N Sq Mtr
10 0 0 0
RY
8000
BE
LT 2 X 9MVA FERRO ALLOY PLANT
6M
61 00 FURNACE AREA
6500
WI
1 66 5
DE
275 00
2500
18 00 RO
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 MV A )
A D
FURNACE BUILDING 1870
F U R N A C E- 4
6500
3000
D UC T FR O M F U RN A C E S TA C K T O G AS CO O LE R
1 119
13
HOT METAL BAY 1650
6000
6500
FURNA CE
S TACK (4)
11000 FINISHED PRODUCT SHED 1650
6000
DU CT F ROM FU RNAC E S TAC K TO GAS COOL ER
6500
N 5000
IO POLLUTION CONTROL EQPMT 1860
AT
FUR NACE
STAC K (3)
NT
6000
A
6 M WI
PL 61 00
DE
6 500
RAW MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
2500
1665
18 00
ELT
27500
RO A D
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 M V A)
GROUND HOPPER SHEDS
F U R NA C E - 3
250
6500
N B
SCREEN HOUSE
43
8000
16
REE
FINES BUNKER
1100 00
Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal),
3 2 1
8000
RAW MATERIAL DAY BINS 305
E G
CONVEYING AREA 220
61 00
WID
6500
10000
1665
27500
SUB STATION
2660
18 00
(9 MVA)
32 50 28 5 0
ER
F U R N AC E - 2
RMHS & APCU
6500
8 000
6000
CONTROL ROOM 132 KV SUB STATION 1200
2200 5000
MET
DU CT FROM FU RNA CE S TAC K TO GAS COOL ER
6500
FU RNACE
STA CK (2 )
UTILITIES
6000
9
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT - 2
11
WATER TANK
650 0
318
6000
FU RNACE
ST ACK ( 1)
GAS COOLER I.D FAN
61 00
3000
BAG FILTERS
PUMP HOUSE 110
6500
23 50
1 66 5
18 00 SECURITY ROOM 30
27500
32 50 28 5 0
( 9 MV A )
34 500
F U R N A C E- 1
6500
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 200
WATER TANK 11000
9200
8000
WORKSHOP 120
6 M W ID E R OAD
PUMP HOUSE LABORATORY 72

6100
LT
18000 WEIGH HOUSE & WEIGH BRIDGE
6M
78
BE
WI
N
IO 40000
DE
AT RAW MATERIAL STORAGE SHEDS 1440
N
NT
LA
RO
P
AD
EE
GR E E N B E LT
5M PLANTATION
STORES BUILDINGS 240
GR
RAW MATERIAL SHED
RMHS AND APCU CONTROL ROOM 80
18000
DE
132 KV CONTROL ROOM 200
WI
RAW WATER HORVESTING POND
R
DEISEL GENERATOR SHED 72
25000
SI
TE
RAW MATERIAL SHED TOILETS 24
5 M P LAN TA TIO N
5 M PLA NT ATI ON
ME
1 8 00 0
TE
TOTAL PROPOSED BUILTUP AREA 12048
11
1 1 M E T ER W ID E
5M PLANTATION
INTERNAL ROADS
40000
4 0000
BO
6M WIDE ROAD 6 MTR WIDE INTERNAL ROAD 4540
SITE B
RAIN WATER HARVESTING POND

15000 15000 12000 12000 2 0000
55 0 0
ND
RAIN WATER HARVESTING POND 2000

LABORATORY DG SHED
WORKSHOP STORES
6000
6000
8000
8000
CONTROL ROOM
10000
SLAG DUMPING AREA

AR
SLAG DUMPING AREA 2270

Y
5M PLANTATION
OUN DA
6M
WI
PLANTATION
DE
RY
RO
AD
RAW WATER
TOTAL LAND USAGE
HORVESTING POND
4 00 0 0
AREA
S.No DESCRIPTION
6 0 0 00
11
Sq Mtr Acres
6M WI DE ROA D
00
5M PL AN TAT ION
5M PL AN TAT ION
0
1 BUILT UP AREA 12048 2.98
13 2 KV SUB S TAT IO N
P LA N T AT I O N
2 GREEN BELT & PLANTATION 15710 3.88

5M PLANTATION 3 ROADS 4680 1.16
25 000
4 RAINWATER HARVESTING POND 2000 0.49
5 SLAG DUMPING AREA 2270 0.56
FIGURE: 2.1 PLANT LAYOUT
2 0000
6M WIDE ROAD 6 VACANT AREA IN SITE 9508 2.35

TOTAL SITE AREA 46216 11.42
11
00
0
SLAG DUMPING LT
AREA BE
E EN
GR
DE
WI
E R
M ET
11
SITE LAYOUT FOR PROPOSED 4 X 9MVA FERRO ALLOY PLANT

OF M/s.REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED AT
PLOT NO:191 & 192, SANCHAM (V),RANASTHALAM (M), SRIKAKULAM (D)
NOTE : All dimensions are in 'mm' otherwise specified.
CLIENT : M/s. REFULGENT ALLOUS N STEEL LIMITED
4 X 9 MVA FERRO ALLOY PLANT
Activity Name Signature

SUBJECT :
EIA REPORT
Dra wn M.Santho sh
SITE LAYOUT
Approv ed Prabath
CONSULTANT: Date
Scale : Dra wn to scale Shee t : 01 OF 01
RALLY TECH SERVICES (P) LTD. 18.11.2011
S-104, Sitaram Nivas, Prahladapuram

Drg. No. : RTS/RASL/SL- 001 Rev.No : 2
VISAKHAPATN AM - 530027
Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd,
Hyderabad.
2.4 PRODUCTS & PRODUCTION CAPACITIES
M/s. RANSL is proposing to produce Ferro Alloys namely, Ferro Manganese, Silico
Manganese and Ferro Silicon alloys by installing 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electric arc
furnaces. The following table gives the details regarding the proposed production
capacities.
Table 2.1: PRODUCTS, PRODUCTION CAPACITIES & FURNACE CAPACITY DETAILS

S NO. FURNACE CAPACITY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION
CAPACITIES (TPA)
1 4 x 9 MVA Ferro Manganese 77,890
Submerged Electric Arc
2 Silico Manganese 57,400
Furnace
3 Ferro Silicon 27,264
2.5 RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENT
The main raw materials required for producing the Ferro Manganese, Silico
Manganese & Ferro Silicon:
Table 2.2: RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTIONS PER TONNE FERRO MANGANESE

RAW MATERIALS INPUT (TPD)
Mn. Ore 2.32
Coke 0.52
Indian Coal 0.15
Dolomite 0.40
Electrode Paste 0.02
Total 3.41
TPD- Tones per day
Table 2.3: RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTIONS PER TONNE SILICO MANGANESE

Mn. Ore 1.50
Fe.Mn Salg 0.76
Coke 0.53

Hyderabad.
Indian Coal 0.27

Quartz 0.41
Dolomite 0.22
Total 3.69
TPD- Tones per day
Table 2.4: RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTIONS FOR TONNE OF FERRO SILICON

Quartz 1.70
Mill Scale 0.30
Coke 1.20
MS Rounds 0.03
Casting Sheets 0.04
Total 3.33
TPD- Tones per day
2.5.1 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RAW MATERIALS
Chemical and physical properties of the raw materials are presented below:
Table 2.5: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RAW MATERIALS

Description Physical Chemical
Manganese Ore Size : 0-3mm Mn : 44%

Size : 3-6mm Al2O3 : 5%
Moisture : 5% max SiO2 : 6%
MgO : 1.3%
P : 0.6%
S : 0.005%
CaO : 0.6%
Dolomite Size : 25 - 50mm MgO : 21.0%

Hyderabad.
Description Physical Chemical
Moisture : 0.5% max CaO : 31.0%

SiO2 : 0.8%
Quartz Size : 25 - 50mm SiO2 : 97.0%
Moisture : 0.5% max
2.5.2 SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS
These raw materials are purchased from various sources. The details are presented
below Table - 2.6.
Table 2.6: RAW MATERIALS AND SOURCES

RAW SOURCES MODE OF
MATERIALS TRANSPORT
Manganese Ores Orissa Mining Corporation, TISCO, MOIL, By Train/ Truck
Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh.
Coal Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Jharkhand By Train/ Truck
Coke Visakhapatnam (AP) Durgapur, Asansol (WB), By Train/Truck
Dhanbad – Jharkhand
Quartz Andhra Pradesh By Truck
Magnesite Andhra Pradesh By Truck
Electrode Paste Chattisgarh, Bihar, West Bengal By Train/Truck
2.6 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Most of the Ferro alloys are produced by smelting process. Smelting of the charged
material is carried out in an electrical arc furnaces equipped with transformer of
proper ratings.
2.6.1 Basic Process
Ferro-alloys are produced by reducing metals from their oxides contained in ores
by using a suitable reduction under conditions created to ensure a high recovery of
the valuable elements from the starting materials. Such reduction reactions are
characterized by stability of an oxide at high temperatures. The stability of all

Hyderabad.
oxides will become more stable with increasing temperature. An element which
forms a stronger oxide can under appropriate conditions be used as reductant for a
less strong oxide. The reaction will proceed successfully if the difference of oxygen
involved with a small difference, favorable conditions should be formed to make
the reaction proceed.
The presence of iron or iron oxides can facilitate some reduction processes. Iron
dissolves the reduced element, forms a compound with it, and thus lowers the
melting point of an iron element alloy is lower than that of the pure element, e.g.
in Ferro-manganese production, and therefore the reaction of reduction of the
element can proceed at a lower temperature.
2.6.2 Smelting Procedure
The charge for smelting Ferro Alloy is made up with the mixture of Manganese ore,
reductant and dolomite.
The charge is loaded into the furnace from a charging apparatus which essentially
is an electrically driven carriage moving on a monorail. The carriage has a loading
chute. Coke breeze is first loaded from furnace bins to the charging apparatus,
followed by ore. This sequence of charging ensures more thorough mixing of the
charge and prevents sticking of moist ore fines to the walls of charging apparatus.
In order to prevent separation of the charge into components, the entire batch is
poured into a pile on the charge and a specific amount of dolomite is added to it.
After that the piles are gathered into cones around the electrodes.
The charging apparatus can deliver the charge only to the front side of electrodes.
The materials are pushed to the rear side of electrodes by means of long rabbles
and are partly thrown by shovels from piles prepared on the working stage at the
rear corners of the furnace.
Charging is continued as the materials settle down at the electrodes. A cone

around an electrode should be 300-400 mm above the charge level. The electrodes
are maintained at a depth of 1100-1400 mm with their ends being spaced 600-800
mm from the furnace bottom. Owing to deep placing of the electrodes, the high
temperature zone is covered with a layer of charge 800-1000 mm thick. The

Hyderabad.
spacing between the electrodes and furnace bottom prevents overheating of the
metal and evaporation of manganese.
Gases should evolve evenly over the whole surface of the furnace top. With fine
materials used for smelting Ferro-alloy, gases tern to escape through blowholes
they from near an electrode and therefore in that case it is especially important to
maintain a high cone of charge at the electrodes and pierce the materials at the
cone base.
When the charge is moist, hot charge may fall down or even be splashed together
with slag from beneath the electrodes. This can occur owing to accumulation of
gases in the melting zone with a poor gas permeability of the charge.
Drying of manganese ore is an indispensable operation in the process. The use of

dry ore and coke breeze ensures a higher productivity, lower consumption of
electric energy, stable process conditions and better labor conditions.
With a deficiency of reductant in the charge, manganese cannot be reduced fully

and the content of manganese oxide in the slag and that of phosphorus in the
metal increase. With a large excess of reductant the content of silicon in the metal
increase the depth of electrode placing diminished, the high-temperature zone
rises to a higher level and the heat and reducing ability of gases are utilized less
efficiently.
The position of electrodes in the furnace is controlled by giving manganese ore
beneath them if a deeper immersion of an electrode is needed, or coke breeze, if
an electrode should be raised higher.
The metal and slag are tapped successively from all the two tap holes. The slag
ratio in the smelting of Ferro-Alloys by a flux less process is within 1.0 – 1.2. The
slag is separated from metal during tapping by means of a skimmer arrangement.
Moulds are arranged in a cascade under the spout; a partition is placed into the
first mould, with its lower edge 60 – 70 mm below the pouring nose of the mould.
Slag is retained by the partition and flows over into the ladle while.

Hyderabad.
Figure 2.2: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FERRO ALLOY PLANT
Ore Coke Fluxes
Slag Furnace Transformer
Disposal/ Metal
Construction/
Recycle
Metal Handling
Packing
Shipment
2.6.3 Ferro Silicon Manufacturing Process:
Ferro Manganese is produced from manganese ores, which have the principle
constituent of manganese mainly in the form of Oxides the balance usually being
iron, aluminium, magnesium oxides and silica. For making Ferro-manganese, coke
is used as a reductant and fluxes like limestone or dolomite are added to the
reaction mixture if the Calculation of the slag composition demands such additions.
Such reactions are carried out in submerged arc furnaces, which operate, as a rule,
by continuous process. The electrodes in these furnaces are immersed into the
solid charge. The furnace is recharged as the solid is being smelted and the alloy &
slag are periodically removed. Material balance for Ferro Manganese shown in
below Table: 2.7.
Hyderabad.
Table: 2.7 Material Balance for Ferro Manganese

INPUT TPD OUTPUT TPD
Mn. Ore 546.88 Ferro Manganese 236.03
Coke 123.21 Slag 228.95
Indian Coal 36.35 Bag Filter Dust 16.05
Dolomite 93.47 Oxidation Loss 323.13
Total 804.16 Total 804.16
Figure 2.3: Energy Balance for Ferro Manganese

Energy Destruction
Electrical system &

Raw 60% Furnace Heat Loss
Material
46% Cooling Off Gas
Furnace System
Product
40% 19% 2% 2%
Electrical Power
17%
Product
14%
Slag
2.6.4 Silico-Manganese Manufacturing Process:
Silico-manganese an alloy of manganese with silicon and iron is a semi-product

used for smelting of medium and low carbon ferro-manganese. As mentioned
earlier, silico-manganese is also employed as a complex deoxidant in steel making
and (upon melting together with aluminium) to produce a complex manganese-
silicon-aluminium (M-K-A) deoxidant. The process for smelting silico-manganese
essentially consists in manganese and silicon being simultaneously reduced from
manganese silicates, slag, ore and quartzite. The process relies on a higher
temperature than that needed for smelting Ferro-manganese. The process is
carried out continuously under slag having a ratio of 1:1. Charging and furnace top
maintenance are done essentially in the same way as in Ferro-manganese. The

Hyderabad.
metal and slag are tapped from the furnace every two hours. The thick slag at
tapping entrains much of metal beads, which has a negative effect on manganese
recovery. The slag can be made more fluid by adding raw dolomite. The metal and
slag are tapped through same tap hole in a similar way to Ferro-manganese.
Table: 2.8 Material Balance for Silico Manganese (TPD)
Input Tonns Output Tonns
Mn. Ore 261.26 Silico Manganese 170.46

Fe.Mn Slag 131.32 Slag 125.24
Coke 92.54 Bag Filter Dust 12.84
Indian Coal 46.79 Oxidation Loss 333.47
Quartz 72.01
Dolomite 37.74
Figure: 2.4 Energy Balance for Silico Manganese
Energy Destruction
Electrical system &

Raw Material 45% Furnace Heat Loss
58% Cooling Off Gas

Furnace
Product System
55% 15% 2% 2%
Electrical Power
16%
Product
7%
Slag

Hyderabad.
2.6.5 Ferro-Silicon Manufacturing Process:
The blend of raw materials is charged to the furnace with low voltage & High
current is passes through the electrodes. Al the process are being controlled
through PLC system and closely monitored by the senior metallurgist in all the 3
shifts. As the process of Ferro alloys is continuous, the charge is fed at continuous
intervals trough hoppers and charging chutes into the furnace hearth whenever the
charge levels come down. Inside the furnace the basic ore is subjected to oxidation
at the high temperatures between 1500 to 1750°C and are reduced through the RP
coke. The fluxes are used to maintain the basicity in order to maintain required
temperature and fluidization of slag. The by-products gases are let out through the
highly sophisticated pollution control system and the fume dust is collected in to
filter bags. The molten Ferro alloys and the slag is tapped at regular intervals and
are casted as cakes in large cast iron casting pan. After proper solidification of
these cakes they are shifted to metal handling yard for crushing, sizing, lot
preparation, lot sampling, lot analysis, lot packing, lot sacking and allotting lot
number for proper identification to meet the market requirements of domestic as
well as overseas.
Table: 2-9 Material Balance for Ferro Silicon
Input Details TPD Output Details TPD

Quartz 140.45 Ferro Silicon 82.62
Mill Scale 24.79 Slag 0.83
Coke 99.14 Bag Filter dust 8.24
MS Rounds 2.07 Oxidation losses 183.02
Casting Sheets 3.30

Hyderabad.
Fig: 2.5 Energy Balance for Ferro-Silicon
Energy Destruction
Electrical system &

Raw Material 20% Furnace Heat Loss
51% Cooling Off Gas
Furnace System
Product
80% 25% 2% 2%
Electrical Power
13%
Product
7%
Slag
2.7 PLANT FACILITIES & OTHER REQUIREMENTS
2.7.1 Raw Material Receipt and Storage Yard
The raw material viz., Manganese Ore, Coke, Coal, Quartz, Dolomite etc., will be
received by trucks and stacked separately in stockyard. The material will be
procured in required size range and quality and no further processing is required.
These raw materials are stored on concreted yards. Coke and coal are stored
under closed sheds, while the other raw materials are stored in open concreted
yards.
2.7.2 Raw Material Handling System
The raw materials shall be fed to a Ground Hopper of 20m3 capacities by dumper
and pay loader. The material will be transferred from ground hopper by a belt
conveyer or to a screen house, where the under size material are screened out and
the correct size material are then conveyed to storage bunkers. There will be 8
numbers of M. S. storage bunkers in the Bunker House, where different raw
materials are stored in each bunker. The bunkers will be fed with reversible
conveyors.

Hyderabad.
The raw materials will be mixed as per the material balance shall be weighed in 2
sets of weigh Hoppers (1 set for each of 4 nos of day bunkers). The weigh hoppers
shall be provided with suitable load cells to record the weight of each raw material
that form the recipe of the material mix. The material after weighing in the
required proportion are conveyed through a belt conveyor, monorail to the furnace
top where 9 numbers of charging Hoppers are provided right on top of the furnace
shell. The charging hoppers are connected with charging chutes and slides gates,
through which the material is fed into the furnace around the three electrodes, as
and when required. The slide gates are operated pneumatically for which a suitable
Air Compressor shall be provided. The entire weighing and feeding system is
controlled through an Automatic Bath Weighing System.
2.7.3 Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace
For smelting the raw material the submerged arc furnace of 4 x 9 MVA capacity will
be installed.
The furnace shell shall be lined with fire clay bricks followed by Silicon carbide
bricks and then carbon tamping paste. The furnace shell is externally water cooled
by spray nozzles.
In addition to the furnace shell, water-cooling system shall be provided for:
 Cooling of current conducting bus tubes and copper clamps,

 Electrode holding pressure ring
 Furnace hood
A suitable Cooling Tower with necessary pipeline shall be installed to bring down
the temperature of circulation water and re-circulate the same.
The three electrodes are suspended and regulated with the help of a Hydraulic
System, consisting of 2 numbers of hydraulic cylinders for each of the three
electrodes, a suitable hydraulic power pack and hydraulic pipeline and hoses.
2.7.4 Hot Metal Handling
There are two numbers of tap holes provided in the furnace shell to take out the
metal and slag from the furnace at regular intervals of about every two hours. The

Hyderabad.
hot liquid metal and slag are collected into Cast Iron Moulds. The slag by virtue of
its lesser specific gravity floats on the metal and overflows into Cast Iron Slag pot
and the metal is retained in the CI moulds. The liquid slag is poured out into sand
beds for solidification and the metal is allowed to solidify in the CI moulds itself 1no
of 10 ton heavy duty EOT crane will be installed in the tapping bay to facilitate the
hot metal handling. After solidification the metal and slag are removed from the
moulds / sand beds and sent to breaking yard for sizing into customer-required
size. Even though the metal is separated out from the slag due to its density
difference, some amount of (about 2-5%) metal is always entrapped into the slag.
Hence the slag after solidification is sent to a Metal Recovery Plant where the slag
is crushed, screened and then subjected to water jigging to separate the entrapped
metal from slag. This metal is then sent to packing section and the slag is sent to
dump yard.
2.8 Control & Instrumentation (C & I)
The Instrumentation and control system will be provided with microprocessor

based Distributed Control System (DCS) and control devices, analogue instruments
for local control. It will perform the functions of monitoring, control, alarm,
protection and interlock, diagnosing, performance monitoring, trending etc.
The plant will have a Central Control Room (CCR) and Local Control Rooms (LCR)
as required.
2.8.1 Utilities & Services
The following utilities and services shall be required.
2.8.2 Compressed Air System
A compressed air system shall be provided to cater the needs of service

requirements such as slide gates pollution control equipment etc. The total
requirement of compressed air shall be around 30 cum/hr at 7 KG per cm2.
2.8.3 Electrical Power Supply and Distribution

The other major input in the proposed alloys manufacturing process is the
electricity. The electricity is drawn from the grid at 33 KV voltages to the switching

Hyderabad.
station in the in-house substation wherein required HT switchgear, Capacitors,

MCCs are installed. This electricity is then transferred to the furnace transformer,
which are basically 9 MVA three phase transformers where it is further stepped
down from 33 KV to the operating voltage of about 100 -110 volts. In order to
improve the reactive power and reduce the losses suitable Capacitor Banks will be
installed. The electricity from the furnace transformers at a voltage of 100 -110
volts and very high current of about 27,000 – 30,000 amps transferred to the
reaction zone through copper bus tubes - copper clamps - self-baking Soderberg
carbon electrodes.
All electrical equipment would be provided with earth connection as per Indian
Electricity rules. All buildings would be provided with necessary lightning protection
arrangements. I strips/ flats and GI electrodes will be used for earthning and
lightning protection.
The Illumination level envisaged for different areas shall be as per industrial norms
to ensure comfort and safety. Flood lightning will be used for open storage areas,
Sodium vapor lamps with reflectors will be used for road lightning. Florescent
lamps with reflectors will be used for low bays of production area, office buildings,
strategic units and control rooms to ensure safety.
2.8.4 Fire Protection Facilities
The Fire protection system for the proposed integrated plant shall be consisting of:
 Hydrant System for all the areas of the plant

 High velocity water spray system for Transformers
 Automatic fire detection and alarm system
 Manual fire alarm system
 Portable fire extinguishers
The components of the fire protection system will confine to BIS marked /TAC
approved type. The system shall be designed based on safety requirements and
generally conforming to Traffic Advisory Committee (TAC) regulations and National
Fire Protection Association of America.

Hyderabad.
The fire detection and alarm system shall be designed according to IS 2189
standards. The system shall consist of addressable type one loop fire alarm panel
located at the control room, addressable smoke detectors, addressable type heat
detectors, manual call points and electronic hooters.
Portable type fire extinguishers of DCP type shall be located in the TG building,
Control room, MCC rooms etc.
2.10 UTILITIES
2.10.1 Water Requirement
Ferro Alloys production process doesn’t require water at any stage. The water will
be required only for cooling purpose. The initial water requirement for the
proposed Ferro Alloy project is 160 KL, which will be sourced from Ground water.
Since 126 KL of cooling water is recirculated, requirement of water for makeup and
other purposes will be only 34 KLD.
2.10.2 Wastewater Generation

There is no generation of waste water from the process. The water is continuously
re-circulated in the furnace and will be evaporated.
Table: 2.10 WATER BALANCE
IN PUT KL OUT PUT KL
Cooling 140 Recirculated Cooling tower 126
Green Belt 12 Evaporation Losses 14
Domestic 4 Domestic Waste Water 3
Dust Suppression 4 Consumption & Other Losses 17
Total 160 Total 160
Note: Since 126 KL of cooling water is recirculated, requirement of water for
makeup and other purposes will be 34 KLD
BALANCE (Net Requirement)
IN PUT KL OUT PUT KL
Cooling 14 Evaporation Losses 14
Green Belt 12 Domestic Waste Water 3
Domestic 4 Consumption & Other Losses 17
Dust Suppression 4
Total 34 Total 34

Hyderabad.
2.11 Land requirement
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited (RANSL) has acquired about 11.42 acres of
land in Sancham Village, for the setting up the proposed Ferro Alloy Plant. 33% of
the total project site i.e. 3.88 acres is earmarked for green belt development. The
following table gives the land area breakup for the proposed project
Table 2.16: LAND BREAKUP

Land Use Area (Acres)
Built up Area 2.98
Green Belt &
Plantation 3.88
Roads 1.16
Rain Water Harvesting
Ponds 0.49
Slag Dumping Area 0.56
Vacant Area 2.35
Total Area 11.42
2.12 Man power requirement
The proposed Ferro alloy plant will require the manpower for production and
administration purposes and will be recruited locally without any difficulty. The
estimated total manpower is 140 including contract laborers’.
Direct Employment: Male: 25 Female: 03
Indirect Employment: Male: 100 Female: 12
2.13 Power requirement
The proposed Ferro alloy plant will require 132/33 KVA of Power it will be met from
APEPDCL sub-station.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-3
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER – 3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 SCOPE
The scope of the study includes preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment

study with detailed characterization of various environmental components such as
Air, Noise, Water, Land, Biological and Socio economic within an area of 10 km
radius around the proposed project site located at Sancham village, Ranastalam
Mandal, Srikakulam Distirct of Andhra Pradesh as per the latest guidelines of MoEF
and the EIA study was conducted during the period of February 2011 – April 2011.
The main objectives of characterization are as follows
 To assess the existing baseline status of air, water, noise, land, biological
and socio-economic environments within the project site and around 10 km
radius of the study area
 To identify and quantify significant impacts due to the proposed activity on
various environmental components through prediction of impacts.
 To evaluate the beneficial and adverse impacts of the proposed activity.
 To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing control
technologies and measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts
if any, as a consequence of the proposed activity.
 To prepare a Post Project Monitoring Programme for checking and regulating
the environmental quality of the project and help in sustainable development
of the area.
3.2 METHODOLOGY OF EIA
Any developmental activity is expected to cause impacts on surrounding

environment during the construction and operation phases. The impacts may be
adverse or beneficial. In order to assess the impacts due to the proposed activity,
an Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of
10 km radius around the project site.
The various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study are divided
into the following phases

Hyderabad.
 Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the

existing status within the impact zone with respect of air, water, noise, soil,
biological and socioeconomic components of environment.
 Prediction of impact on air quality taking into consideration the proposed
emissions to project the overall scenario.
 Prediction of impact on Water, Land, Biological and Socio Economic
Environment
 Evaluation of total impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over
the baseline scenario to prepare an Environmental Management Plan.
The methodology adopted for studying the various individual components of

environment is described below.
3.2.1 Micro Meteorology
An auto weather monitoring station was installed at sancham village to record

meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, maximum, and
minimum temperatures, relative humidity, cloud cover, recorded on hourly basis
continuously covering the entire three months from February 2011 – April 2011.
Wind speed & Wind direction data recorded during the study period were used for
computation of relative percentage frequencies of different wind directions. The
meteorological data thus collected has been used for interpretation of the existing
Ambient Air Quality status, and the same data has been used for prediction of
impacts of future scenario due to the activities of the proposed scheme.
3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality
The scenario of the existing ambient air quality in the study region has been
assessed through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations during the study
period within an area of 10 km radius around the project area. The monitoring
network was so designed such that representative samples are obtained form the
upwind direction, down wind and cross wind directions of the proposed project site.
These monitoring sites have been established keeping in view the available
climatologically norms of predominant wind direction and wind speed of this
particular region. The following points were also taken into consideration in
designing the network of sampling stations:

Hyderabad.
1. Topography/ Terrain of the study area

2. Populated areas within the study area
3. Residential and sensitive areas within the study area.
4. Magnitude of the surrounding industries
5. Representation of regional background levels
6. Representations of cross sectional distribution in downward direction.
The existing Ambient Air Quality status (AAQ) has been monitored for PM2.5, PM10,
SO2, NOx and CO. PM2.5 & PM10 at each station has been monitored on 24 hourly
bases and all the gaseous sampling has been done on 24 hourly bases except CO,
which was monitored on 8 hourly bases.
Pre-calibrated respirable dust samplers have been used for monitoring of the
existing AAQ status. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were, as per
the approved methods of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Maximum,
minimum, average and percentile values have been computed from the raw data
collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the ambient air quality
status of the study area.
3.2.3 Noise Environment
Noise monitoring has been carried out at 8 locations to identify the impact due to
the existing sources on the surroundings in the study area. Noise levels were
recorded at an interval of 30 minutes during the day and night times to compute
the day equivalent, night equivalent and day-night equivalent level.
3.2.4 Water Environment
Eight groundwater samples and three surface water samples from various locations
around the project site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the
existing physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for
sampling and analysis were according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as
pH, Temperature were monitored on site. The parameters thus analyzed were
compared with IS 10500. The activities surrounding the source during sampling
were taken into consideration in interpretation of the water quality of that
particular source.

Hyderabad.
3.2.5 Land Environment
Ground truth studies were conducted to identify the land use in and around 10 km
radius of the site. Representative soil samples were collected from- eight sampling
locations within an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site for
analysis of the physico chemical characteristics to assess the cropping pattern,
microbial growth etc. standard procedures were followed for sampling and analysis.
The samples collected were also analyzed to check the suitability for growth of
native plant species in and around the project site.
3.2.6 Biological Environment
Intensive survey of flora and fauna of the project site and its surroundings
extending up to a radius of 10 Km has been collected during February 2011 – April
2011. As for as the fauna is concerned, both primary and secondary data have
been collected from various government departments such as forest, agriculture,
fisheries and animal husbandry to clearly understand the status of fauna. Quadrant
method has been used for sampling of flora.
3.2.7 Socio- Economic Environment
Details on economic status of various villages within an area of 10 km around the

project site have collected. Information on existing amenities has been collected to
determine the developmental activities. Such developmental activities would result
in upliftment of the economic status in the area.
All the above environmental parameters have been used for identification,
evaluation and prediction of significant impacts.
3.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN &

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Various technical aspects of the proposed project have been studied to identify the
significant impacts, which would arise from the proposed activity. The identified

Hyderabad.
impacts have been quantified through prediction of impacts to estimate the post
project scenario.
Identified impacts due to proposed project have been studied in detail to predict
the impacts on various environmental components. Predicted scenario has been
superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to
derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this proposed project details the control
measures, which will be suitable for proposed expansion to maintain environmental
quality within the stipulated limits specified by State Pollution Control
Board/CPCB/MoEF.
TABLE 3.1: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring
Ambient Air PM2.5, PM10 24 hourly samples twice a week for

Quality thirteen weeks at eight locations
Ambient Air SO2, NOx & CO 24 hourly samples twice a week for
Quality thirteen weeks at eight locations at
eight locations
8 hourly samples for thirteen weeks
at eight locations
Meteorology Surface: Wind Speed, Hourly continuous monitoring
direction, Temperature, station for entire study period and
relative humidity and also data collection from secondary
rainfall sources
Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Once during the study period at
Bacteriological parameters eleven locations
Ecology Existing Flora and Fauna Through field visit during the study
period and substantiated through
secondary sources.
Noise Levels Noise levels in dB(A) Hourly observations for 24 hours
per location for study period

Hyderabad.
Soil Parameters related to Once during the study period at

Characteristics agricultural and eight locations
afforestation potential
Land Use Trend of land use change Data from various Government
for Different categories agencies.
Socio-economic Socio-economic (Census Handbook, 2001)
Aspects characteristics, labour
force characteristics,
population statistics and
existing amenities in the
study area.
3.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT
The baseline environmental quality represents the background environmental

scenario of various environmental components such as air, noise, water, and land
and socio economic status of the study area. The general study area covers 10 km
radius of the proposed plant site.
3.4.1 Micro Meteorology of Study Area
Meteorology of the study area plays an important role in the air pollution studies.
The prevailing micro meteorological conditions at the proposed project site will
regulate the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere. The
predominant wind directions and the wind speed will decide the direction and
distance of the most affected zone from the proposed activity. The meteorological
data collected during the monitoring period is very useful in interpretation of
baseline as input for dispersion models for predicting the Ground Level
Concentrations (GLC).
An auto weather monitoring station was installed during the months of February
2011 – April 2011 to record various meteorological parameters on hourly basis to
understand the wind pattern, Temperature variation, solar insulation and relative
humidity variation etc. Percentage frequencies of wind in 16 directions have been
computed from the recorded data of the study period to plot wind rose diagram.

Hyderabad.
Wind pattern during Study Period (February 2011- April 2011)
Predominant Wind directions during this period were from the SW sector
accounting to about 55% of the total time. Wind speeds during this period were
varying between 0.5 to 5.5 m/s and average wind speed is 2.5 m/s. The wind of
less than 0.5 m/sec was treated as calm and calm conditions are nil.
a) Climatology
In the study area the maximum and minimum temperatures are 39.4 oC & 19.2 oC
and maximum and minimum relative humidity values are 72to 75 were recorded
during the study period.

Hyderabad.
FIGURE 3.1: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
WIND ROSE PLOT: DISPLAY:

Wind Speed
M/s. Refulgent Alloys N Steel Limited Direction (blowing from)
Ranastalam ,Srikakulam t, Andhra Pradesh.
NORTH
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
WEST EAST
WIND SPEED
(m/s)
>= 3.2
SOUTH
2.6 - 3.2
2.0 - 2.6
1.4 - 2.0
0.8 - 1.4
0.2 - 0.8
Calms: 11.19%
COMMENTS: DATA PERIOD: COMPANY NAME:

2011 SRI SAI MANASA NATURE TECH PVT. LTD
Feb 1 - Apr 30
00:00 - 23:00
MODELER:
VSL
CALM WINDS: TOTAL COUNT:

11.19% 2135 hrs.
AVG. WIND SPEED: PROJECT NO.:

0.67 m/s RANSL/VSL-2011
WRPLOT View - Lakes Environmental Software

Hyderabad.
3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
In order to identify the background air quality data and also to represent the
interference from various industrial and local activities, screening techniques have
been used for identification of air quality stations in the study areas. The following
points have been considered for the selection of air quality monitoring stations.
 Predominant wind directions

 Topography of the study area
 Terrain and sensitive areas
 Populated areas near to the project area
 Magnitude of the surrounding industries
Topography / Terrain and sensitive areas of the study area
The site is located at an elevation of about 28 m above mean sea level (MSL).
There are no sensitive areas with the study area.
Based on the above, the AAQ stations have been identified and locations of
ambient air quality stations are presented inTable3.2.
b) Identification of Ambient air Quality Monitoring Stations
Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 8
ambient air quality locations. These stations are designed keeping in view of the
climatological conditions of the study region.
Table 3.2: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

Distance(KM) Direction Predominant
Code Location w.r.t Project w.r.t Project Wind directions
A1 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE DW
A2 Sancham 1.5 ENE DW
A3 Varisam 4.0 SE UW/DW
A4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE CW
A5 Kanimella 2.3 SW UW
A6 Malyada 3.2 WSW DW
A7 Boddapeta 1.2 W DW
A8 Velluru 1.2 NW UP/DW

Hyderabad.
The above monitoring stations are located such that a representative

background ambient air quality levels are obtained.
shows the location of ambient air quality monitoring stations in the study area.
Pre-calibrated R.D. Samplers and High Volume Samplers have been used for
monitoring the existing AAQ status. Maximum, Minimum, Average and Percentile
values have been computed from the raw data collected at all individual sampling
stations to represent the Ambient Air Quality Status.
The Ambient Air Quality studies were carried out during February 2011 – April
2011. The parameters analysed are PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx & CO. The data thus
obtained is considered for preparing this report.

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
3.5.1 Sampling & Testing Methodology
Table 3.3 gives the standard procedures adapted for sampling and testing. The
procedures are in compliance with CPCB & MoEF.
TABLE 3.2 : SAMPLING AND TESTING METHODOLOGY

Parameter Duration of Sampling Recommended Analytical Procedure
PM2.5 and PM10 24 hours - continuous Gravimetric Method as per IS: 5182
SO2 8 hours – continuous Pararosaniline – Colorimetric method
NOx 8 hours - continuous Modified Jacob & Hochheiser method
CO Grab Sample As per IS 5182
3.5.2 ANALYSIS OF BASELINE CONCENTRATIONS
Given in Table 3.4 and Percentile values of ambient air quality is enclosed in
Annexure - A.
Table 3.4: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING VALUES

Parameter Location A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 CPCB
Std.
PM2.5 Minimum 13.8 12.6 10.1 14.4 12.4 11.9 11.5 12.1 60
Maximum 17.8 16.8 16.5 26.6 23.0 16.6 17.9 14.5
th
98 Percentile 17.7 16.8 16.4 26.5 21.3 16.6 17.6 14.4
PM10 Minimum 26.4 22.6 20.3 32.9 22.2 20.9 19.9 20.9 100
Maximum 35.5 34.2 27.8 44.5 34.5 29.1 33.1 26.3
th
98 Percentile 35.0 34.0 27.6 44.5 34.5 29.0 33.0 26.0
SO2 Minimum 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 80
Maximum 4.6 4.4 4.6 8.5 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.4
98th Percentile 4.6 4.4 4.6 8.5 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.4
NOX Minimum 9.4 9.6 9.2 10.6 8.6 8.4 8.0 8.3 80
Maximum 11.0 11.5 11.0 12.3 11.0 10.6 9.6 10.4
98th Percentile 10.8 11.5 11.0 12.3 11.0 10.6 9.5 10.4
Note: CO at all locations was found <1.0 ppm

Hyderabad.
A) PM2.5
PM2.5 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 10.1 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 30.6µg/m3. Highest value of 26.6 µg/m3 was recorded at
Pidibheemavaram.
B) PM10
PM10 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 19.9 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 44.5/m3. Highest value of 44.5 µg/m3 was recorded at
Pidibheemavaram.
C) SO2
SO2 monitored in the study area showed minimum value of 4.0 µg/m3 and
maximum value of 8.5 µg/m3. Maximum value of sulpurdioxide of 8.5 µg/m3
observed at Pidibheemavaram.
D) NOx
Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in
the range with minimum value recorded as 8.0 µg/m3 and maximum value of 12.3
µg/m3. Maximum NOx value of 12.3 µg/m3 was observed at Pidibheemavaram
sampling station.
E) CO
CO concentration at all the locations was found to be less than 1 ppm.
3.6 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The acoustical environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character

throughout most communities. The noise level variation can be temporal, spectral
and spatial. The residential noise level is that level below which the ambient noise
does not seem to dropdown during the given interval of time and is generally
characterized by unidentified sources. Ambient noise level is characterized by

Hyderabad.
significant variations above a base or a residential noise level. The maximum

impact of noise is felt on urban areas, which is mostly due to the commercial
activities and vehicular movement during peak hours of the day.
Measured noise levels displayed as a function of time provides a useful scheme for
describing the acoustical climate of a community. Noise levels records at each
station with a time interval of about 30 minutes are computed for equivalent noise
levels. Equivalent noise level is a single number descriptor for describing time
varying noise levels. The equivalent noise level is defined as mathematically.
10Log1/ TΣ (10Ln/10)
Where L = sound pressure level a function of time dB (A) & T = Time interval of
observations
Noise levels during the night time generally drop, therefore to compute Equivalent
noise levels for the night time, noise levels are increased by 10 dB (A) as the night
time high noise levels are judged more annoying compared to the day time.
Noise levels at a particular station are represented as Day- Night equivalent (Ldn).
Day-Night equivalent is the single number index designed to rate environmental
noise on daily /24 hourly basis. Mathematically Ldn is given by
Ldn = 10 log {1/24 (15 x 10(Ld/10) + 9 x 10 (Ln + 10)/10)

}
Where
Ld = A weighed equivalent for day time period (6 am to 10 pm)
Ln = A weighed equivalent for night time period (10 pm to 6am)
Noise levels were measured near highways, residential areas and other settlements
located within 10 km radius in and around the project site.
In order to know the baseline noise levels, in and around the proposed project site,
Noise levels were measured at the project site and also at 7 villages in the study
area. The day equivalent noise levels were found to be relative high due to local
activities in the villages. Noise levels recorded in the nighttime were found to be
less.

Hyderabad.
In order to assess the noise levels in the study area, monitoring was carried out at
8 different locations within 10 km radius of the study area. Noise levels were
recorded at each station with a time interval of one minute for about 30 minutes in
each hour and were computed for equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night-
equivalent & day-night equivalent. Details of noise monitoring stations are
presented in Table 3.5.
The noise recording stations are shown in Figure 3.3 and the summary of the
minimum, maximum, day - equivalent, night - equivalent and day-night equivalent
values computed for various locations in the study area is presented in Table 3.6.
TABLE 3.5: AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

Location Code Location Distance(KM) Direction
w.r.t Project w.r.t Project
N1 Plant Site 00 00
N2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
N3 Sancham 1.5 ENE
N4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE
N5 Kanimella 2.3 SW
N6 Malyada 3.2 WSW
N7 Boddapeta 1.2 W
N8 Velluru 1.2 NW

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
Table 3.6: NOISE LEVELS DURING STUDY PERIOD

Equivalent N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
Noise levels
Minimum 35.0 35.4 35.2 36.4 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Maximum 49.0 51.2 49.3 53.8 49.0 48.9 46.8 48.9
Day equivalent 46.0 47.9 46.1 51.0 44.0 43.7 42.9 44.2
Night equivalent 35.8 36.6 36.7 38.9 35.6 36.0 35.8 36.2
CPCB Day Std 75 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
CPCB Night Std 70 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
L min : Minimum Noise Level Recorded

L max : Maximum Noise Level Recorded
Ld : Day Equivalent
Ln : Night Equivalents
It is observed that the noise values obtained were within the prescribed Ambient
Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise.
3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Assessment of baseline data on Water environment includes
a) Identification of surface water sources

b) Identification of ground water sources
c) Collection of water samples
d) Analyzing water samples collected for physico-chemical and biological
parameters
Assessment of water quality in the study area has been carried out as per the
Indian standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard). The locations of water
sampling are shown in Error! Reference source not found..
10 water samples from various locations in and around the project site within 10
km radius were collected for assessment of the physico-chemical and
bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were
according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature, Taste and

Hyderabad.
Odour were monitored on site. The parameters thus analysed were compared with
IS 10500. Details of water sampling locations are presented in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Station Dis. w.r.t RANSL Dir. w.r.t RANSL
Groundwater
G1 Plant Site - -
G2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 N
G3 Sancham 1.5 E
G4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SE
G5 Kanimella 2.3 S
G6 Malyada 3.2 SW
G7 Boddapeta 2.2 WNW
Surface water (Kandivalasa River)

SW1 Velluru (US) 1.2 NW
SW2 Pidibheemavaram (DS) 3.2 SSE
US- Upstream of Kandivalasa River DS- Downstream of Kandivalasa River
Annexure - B represents the water quality data at the above locations. The
summary of the same is given below

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
A) Surface Water Samples within 10 km Radius
 PH of the surface water samples collected was in the range between 7.74 –
7.84.
 Total dissolved solids in the samples were in the range between 168-222
mg/l.
 Total hardness was found to vary between 56-80 mg/l.
 Chlorides concentration was found to vary between 35.5-77.9 mg/l.
 Fluoride concentration was found to vary between 0.1 - 0.2 mg/l.
 Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 18.9 – 19.9 mg/l.
 Heavy metal concentrations in all the samples were found to be well within
the limits.
Surface water samples collected at Kandivalasa River showed compliance of all

parameters with the drinking water standard of IS 10500.
B) Groundwater Samples within 10 km Radius

 pH of the ground water samples collected was in the range between 6.78 –
7.37
 Total dissolved solids in the samples were in the range between 476 - 960
mg/l.
 Total hardness was found to vary between 256 - 580 mg/l.
 Chlorides concentration was found to vary between 44.1 – 632 mg/l.
 Fluoride concentration was found to vary between 0.5 – 1.3 mg/l.
 Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 18.2 – 142.8 mg/l.
 Heavy metal concentrations in all the samples were found to be well within
the limits.
Ground water samples collected from 8 locations within 10 km radius of the

proposed site showed all parameters well within the drinking water standards
specified in IS 10500.

Hyderabad.
3.8 LAND ENVIRONMENT
3.8.1 Soil Quality
The study area is covered with red loamy soils. Representative soil samples were
collected from 8 sampling locations within an area of 10 km radius around the
proposed project for analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil
quality. Fig 3.5 shows the location of soil sampling stations and Table 3.8 presents
the soil quality monitoring locations of the study area.
Table 3.8: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Location Location Distance(KM) Direction w.r.t
Code w.r.t Project Project
S1 Plant Site 0,0
S2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
S3 Sancham 1.5 ENE
S4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE
S5 Kanimella 2.3 SW
S6 Malyada 3.2 WSW
S7 Boddapeta 1.2 W
S8 Velluru 1.2 NW

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh
The following are the highlights of soil quality in the study area are as follows
3.8.2 Soil Samples within 10 km Radius
 pH of the soil samples were found to be in the range of 6.96 – 7.35.

 Nitrogen content of the soil samples was found to be in the range of 126 -
298 kg\ha
 Organic content of the soil samples was found to be medium exhibiting in
the range of 0.21 % - 0.39 % and average fertility
 Soils in the area were found to be clay and sandyclay soils in texture with
Clay percentage in the range between 60 – 42 %, sand 30 % and silt 12 –
28 %.
Results of soil sampling analysis shown best for fertility and are given in Annexure
– C.
3.9 Traffic survey
The traffic study has been conducted to know the existing traffic and assess the
impact of increase in traffic due to the proposed plant. This study would help to
assess the adequacy of the existing roads for the increased traffic. The traffic study
was conducted at two locations.
Table: 3.9 Traffic Study Locations

Location Location Distance(KM) Direction w.r.t Project
Code w.r.t Project
T1 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
T2 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.
3.9.1 Methodology
The vehicles travels in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours
at all the above mentioned locations. The vehicles were counted every hour and
recorded under respective category.
The vehicles were categorized under various categories like trucks, buses, light
commercial vehicles (LCV), cars and 2 and 3-wheelers. The categorization of the
vehicles is necessary because the speed and the emission factors vary with type of
the vehicle.
3.9.2 Existing Traffic
The total number of daily traffic counts for the two locations is presented in
Table 3.10. Details of the traffic survey is given in Annexure D.
Table : 3.10 Traffic Survey

Location Two Three Cars/Light Buses 2-Axle
Wheelers Wheelers Commercial &
Vehicles 3-Axle
Giriviaripallem 194 111 15 75 0
Pidibheemavaram 1242 378 1256 2312 801
3.10 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to
recording the existing biological resources. Secondary data was collected from
forest department.
3.10.1 Flora
The general vegetation along road and agricultural lands is primarily due to
plantation of both exotic and native species of trees having commercial
importance. Some of the commonly encountered species along the road side are
Azadirachta indica, eucalyptus, Acacia auriculiformis and Prosohis juliflora.

Hyderabad.
3.10.2 Fauna
Domesticated animals of the area include Cattle, Buffaloes, Goats, Cats, Dogs etc.
Cows and Ducks are also common. No endangered faunal species are found in the
proposed project area.
3.11 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Socio-economic environment includes description of demography, available basic

amenities like housing, health care services, transportation, educat0ion and
cultural activities. Information on the above said factor has been collected to
define the socio-economic profile of the study area (10 km radius), which is also a
part of Environmental Impact Assessment study for the project.
A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted covering all villages in the

10 km radius from the project site. The information of socio-economic
aspects has been compiled from various secondary sources including various
government and semi-government offices. Summary of the study is given
as below :
 The total population of study area is 93,623 with a sex ratio of 1000 : 962
(962 females for 1000 males).
 Number of households in the study area are 20,547 with 4 - 5 persons per
house hold.
 SC & ST percentage in the study area is 12.1% & 2.03% of the total
population.
 Total literates in the study area are 45.0% which is very low with 27.8% of
male literates and 17.2% of female literates.
 Total working population in the study area are 52.1%. of this main workers
are 35.3% and marginal workers are 16.8%.

Hyderabad.
 Main occupation of the people in the study area is agriculture and other
works. Study area consists of 29.1% of cultivators, 47.6% agricultural
labours, 3.4% Household industry workers and 19.9% other workers.
 Main sources of water supply are wells, hand pumps, ponds/cheruvus and
taps in few villages.
 Market facilities are available in few villages.

Summary of the demographic profile of the study area is given in Annexure
– H.
3.12 REMOTE SENSING STUDY
3.12.1 Introduction
Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land resources is essential
to the proper planning, management and regulation of the use of such resources.
Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of change is essential if the
nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and uncontrolled
growth. A systematic framework is needed for updating the land use and land
cover maps that will be timely, relatively inexpensive and appropriate for different
needs at both national and state levels. The rapidly developing technology of
remote sensing offers an efficient and timely approach to the mapping and
collection of basic land use and land cover data over large area. The satellite
imageries are potentially more amenable to digital processing because the remote
sensor output can be obtained in digital format. Land use data are needed in the
analysis of environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living
conditions and standards are to be improved from or maintained at current levels.
Land Use (LU) refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on
land. Land Cover (LC) refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial
cover and others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is
generally inferred based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover
are closely related and interchangeable.

Hyderabad.
The site is located near Sancham village, Ranasthalam Mandal, Srikakulam District,
Andhra Pradesh State. It is required to carry out the land use / land cover study for
the project study area (10 km radius) to obtain the necessary environmental
clearances from statutory authorities. The objective of the study is to carryout land
use / land cover study for the proposed project. The LU/LC study is carried out
using the Satellite Imageries (IRS P6 LISS IV MX) in addition to Survey of India
toposheets. Appropriate guidelines are followed while preparing the LU/LC map for
the project study area.
3.12.2 PROJECT SITE LOCATION
The project site is located near Sancham village, Ranasthalam Mandal, Srikakulam
District, Andhra Pradesh State. The project site covers an extent of 314 Q2
kilometers.
3.12.3 STUDY AREA
A study area of 10 km radius is delineated taking the project site as centre

(18009’29.80’’ N and 83036’29.66’’ E).
3.12.4 ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Remote sensing and GIS are the modern techniques of terrain analysis and
information generation. They not only ensure faster and easier analysis /
interpretation but also help to modify / manipulate the data at will so as to meet
the objective of the study.
3.12.5 REMOTE SENSING (RS)

Remote Sensing (RS) generally involves in processing of remotely sensed data in
digital form using image-processing techniques, which created a new and wider
dimension in analysis and interpretation. Remote sensing enables one to acquire
information about an object or phenomena from a distance through detection or
measurement of electromagnetic energy coming from the object. The use of
remote sensing techniques for the study of natural resources has been found to be
of considerable value. The information derived from the remote sensing is
compatible with topographic maps of Survey of India on 1:50,000 or 1:25,000

Hyderabad.
scale. With the use of high-altitude sensor platform, it is now possible to record
extensive areas on a single image, which covers a maximum of 34,000 sq. km
(185x185km) and minimum of 3600-sq.km area. Thus one can have a synoptic
view over large area and also an integrated picture of the landscape. By using the
satellite imagery it is possible to conduct surveys in areas, which are difficult to
access. Some of the advantages of utilizing remote sensing techniques are given
below:
 Satellite image serves as a permanent record of a landscape at a point of time

from which land use changes can be monitored and evaluated.
 Satellite data is cost effective when compared to conventional methods. It can
be obtained quickly; its information is accurate, reliable and up to date.
 Preparation of thematic layers by using satellite imagery is time saving when
compared to conventional method.
 Satellite data can be effectively integrated with the conventional data for
analysis, planning and decision-making.
3.12.6 GIS
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a powerful set of tool, which can perform
correlation. GIS is a system for manipulating and analyzing spatial data to provide
information to support planning and decision-making. GIS can also be defined as
“decision support system involving the integration of spatially referenced data in a
problem solving environment’ (Cowen, 1988). It comprises facilities for the input,
management, retrieval, manipulation, analysis and display of spatial data. Its
functions can be grouped as data acquisition, data utilization, data management,
output and display.
GIS technology is useful as planning / decision-making tool for resource

management. The selective retrieval and analysis capabilities of GIS are used to
manipulate the database and provide a variety of information for resource
management. GIS is an aid to analyze the thematic maps prepared through
remote sensing and field visits. It stores all the maps prepared and database
attached to them in digital format, which permits rapid access and processing.
Combination of Remote sensing and GIS technologies are very important for

Hyderabad.
assessment and management of natural resources, where integration of data from

different sources is an essential requirement.
3.12.7 DATA PRODUCTS
The present study uses the data based on the source of acquisition of data. The
data products, based on availability, are classified into four types namely,
topographical data, thematic data, field data and collateral data. The details of
these four types of data products are discussed below.
3.12.7.1 Data Sources
A heightened awareness of water resources problems has developed over the past
several decades and this has spurred a need for reliable geospatial data to enable
better understanding of water related problems and their impacts on environment.
Also undergone changes and these have created new requirements for geospatial
data. In view of critical role, digital data plays an important role in any kind of
spatial modeling and analysis. Emphasis is given to new information gathering
initiations for remotely sensed data and to advancements in integrating data from
different sources with GIS. The availability of appropriate and adequate crop yield
data, and other related data derived from collateral data and other field survey are
important concerns.
In the present study, four different sources are used to collect the required data
products. The four sources are remote sensing satellite systems, survey of India
toposheets, related government and private agencies for existing data products
and field surveys for collection of primary data products. In transforming this raw
data to data compatible to GIS, care is taken for appropriate level of data precision
and accuracy. The data types, important features and corresponding data sources
used in the present study are listed below.
3.12.7.2 DATA USED

The data is used for the preparation of different maps to study the natural
resources. The data is used by using the application of Remote Sensing and GIS
technologies.

Hyderabad.
TABLE 3.11 : DETAILS OF SOURCES & THE MAPS PREPARED

SNo. Source Maps Prepared
1 Survey of India’s Base
topographic maps and Transport
satellite imageries Drainage
Geomorphology
2 Satellite imageries Land use / Land cover
Geomorphology
3 Maps derived / prepared Ground water prospects
from the above maps by
using GIS
Various maps and data referred for carrying out land cover and land use analysis in
the project area are detailed in Table 3.12 and Table- 3.13.
Table 3.12: SURVEY OF INDIA’S TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Serial Topographic Scale Year of Year of
No. Map No. Survey Publication
1 65 N/11 1: 50,000 1983-84 1987
2 65 N/12 1: 50,000 1967-68 1969
Table 3.13: SATELLITE DATA OF NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING CENTRE

S.No. Season Acquisition date sensor
1. Khariff 24-OCT-2010 LISS IV MX
3.12.7.3 METHODOLOGY
The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the
present study involves the following steps:
 Collection of source data like satellite data of two seasons, SOI toposheets.
These are the main inputs for the preparation of thematic layers.
 Two season’s satellite data of IRS P6 LISS IV MX data geometrically

corrected and enhanced using principal component method and Cubic

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Convolution resampling technique. Finally after map composition satellite

imagery is printed in FCC in 1:50,000 scale.
 Preparation of basic themes like base map, transport & settlement map and
drainage map from the source data. Then updating of base map, transport
map and drainage map from the satellite image by visual interpretation.
 Thematic maps (related to natural resources) like land use / land cover map
and geomorphology map are prepared by visual interpretation of the satellite
imagery. Visual interpretation is carried out based on the image
characteristics like tone, size, shape, pattern, texture, location, association,
background etc. in conjunction with existing maps/literature.
 Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all
the maps prepared.
 Field visits are carried out to check the delineated units of the maps
prepared by visual interpretation of satellite imageries. Where ever
necessary field photographs are taken. Primary data of land use and
secondary data related to land use and ground water are collected.
 Field observations are incorporated in to the related thematic layers.
 Ground water prospects map is prepared by the combination of Lithology
map, geomorphology map, structure map is prepared by the combination of
land use/land cover map and drainage. Final quality check and necessary
corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared.
 All the maps prepared are converted into soft copy by digitization. In that
process editing, labeling, mosaiking, quality checking, data integration etc.,
finally land use / land cover areas are carried out.
3.12.7.4 SPATIAL DATA FROM SOI TOPOSHEETS
Creating a GIS spatial database is a complex operation, and is heart of the entire
work; it involves data capture, verification and structuring processes. Because raw
geographical data are available in many different analogue and digital forms such
as toposheets, aerial photographs, satellite imageries and tables. Out of all these
sources, the source of toposheets is of much concern to natural resource scientist
and an environmentalist. In the present study, the thematic maps generated from
toposheets are, base map, drainage map and Road network map. These paper
based maps are then converted to digital mode using scanning and automated
digitization process. These maps are prepared to a certain scale and show the

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attributes of entities by different symbols or colorings. The location of entities on

the earth’s surface is then specified by means of an agreed co-ordinate system. It
is mandatory that all spatial data in a GIS are located with respect to a frame of
reference. For most GIS, the common frame of reference co-ordinate system is
that of plane, orthogonal Cartesian co-ordinates oriented conventionally north-
south and east-west. This entire process is called georeferencing. The same
procedure is also applied on remote sensing data before it is used to prepare
thematic maps from satellite data.
3.12.7.5 SPATIAL DATA FROM SATELLITE DATA AND PROCESSING
The step-by-step procedure for preparing the spatial data derived from remote
sensing satellite data for the entire study area is discussed as below:
Satellite data processing using image processing software
 Geoprocessing and Georefencing

 Digital enhancement
 Generation of hard copy
 Generation of thematic maps
3.12.7.6 Geo-coding and Geo-referencing
The following standard techniques have been adopted for georeferencing of LISS IV
data covering the study area. ERDAS image processing software has been used for
this work. 1:50,000 scale toposheets are scanned and raster file for study area is
created. These are geo-referenced based on the longitudinal & latitudinal co-
ordinates. After geo-referencing all the maps are edge-matched and a digital
mosaic is prepared which depicts the continuity of the study area. The LISS IV MX
data obtained from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is processed for initial
corrections like drop outs, stripping and earth rotations etc. Sufficient numbers of
well distributed ground control points are selected both on the maps and
corresponding imagery. Care is taken to satisfy the condition on density of GCPs
for image registration. Georeferencing is carried out using ERDAS image processing
software. The geo-referenced image is further mosaicked and then feature
matching is carried out. At the end of this process the digital data which is free

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from all distortions is available for digital image enhancement, classification for
land use/land cover map preparation with the help of visual image analysis
techniques.
3.12.7.7 Digital image enhancement of LISS IV MX data
Image enhancement deals with the individual values of the pixels in the image. The
goal of spectral enhancement is to make certain features more visible in an image
by bringing out more contrast. Initial display of LISS IV data through ERDAS
software revealed that the features like minor roads and streams are not clear /
visible as the contrast of the imageries very dull because of the raw data values fall
within a narrow range. Therefore, an attempt is made to apply linear contrast
stretch technique in order to improve the contrast of the image, which can be
capable of expanding the dynamic range of radiometric resolution of LISS IV MX
digital data. To perform this technique, Look up Tables (LUT) is created that
convert the range of data values to the maximum range of the display device.
Based on these LUT’s an enhanced image is produced.
3.12.7.8 Hardcopy generation
In order to derive spatial thematic data, a hardcopy of satellite image is generated

through the following steps:
 Acquisition of satellite data from NRSC, Balanagar, Hyderabad and

toposheets from Survey of India, Hyderabad.
 Geo-coding and geo-referencing of LISS IV digital data by extracting the
Ground Control Points (GCPs) from SOI toposheets and GPS Points
 Digital image enhancement and application of correction models for making
the digital data free from errors and distortions both radiometry and
geometry of the satellite data.
 Satellite Image in FCC mode and is used for visual interpretation to extract
the thematic data by applying both pre-visual interpretation, ground truthing
and post visual interpretation techniques.
 A satellite hardcopy is generated for subsequent analysis.

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3.12.7.9 GENERATION OF THEMATIC MAPS FROM SATELLITE DATA
The thematic maps namely, land use/land cover Geomorphology and Ground water
potential maps are generated from satellite digital hardcopy. The standard basic
elements and key elements for visual interpretation are applied on this satellite
hardcopy digital image so as to extract the entropy or information extent in
accordance with the above thematic maps. At the end of the interpretation process
the above thematic maps in the form of paper based maps are ready for
subsequent scanning and automated digitization and then created a digital
database for GIS data analysis and modeling.
3.12.7.10 Flow of operations in spatial database generation
Based on the design, the steps of database creation are worked out and a
procedure lay down. The procedure for the spatial database creation adopted in
general for preparation of all themes is described below:
Creating Spatial Frame work: The spatial framework of the GIS database can be
organized in the GIS by specifying the registration GCP points for the total
database and specifying the coordinate system of the database. Registration points
for the total area are entered through key -board.
Master Template Creation: A master template is created as a reference layer and

consisting of the boundary, drainage and base map features etc. This template is
then used for the component themes digitization.
Thematic Map Manuscript Preparation: Based on the spatial domain, the different
themes oriented information is transferred from the base map to a transparent
sheet. Spatial data manuscripts are consisting features that are to be digitized. And
the instructions like, registration point locations and identifiers, features codes as
per the defined codes, feature boundaries, tolerance specifications and other
relevant digitization / scanning instructions to be followed.
Digitization of Features: The features of the spatial data set are then digitized /
scanned using the GIS package. The digitization / scanning is done for each map

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sheet of the spatial reference. The master registration reference points are used
for the digitization. Each theme prepared, digitization is done as a component into
a copy of the master template layer.
Coverage Editing: The digitized coverage is processed for digitization errors such
as dangles, constituting the overshoots or undershoots and labels for polygons.
And finally the coverage is processed for topology creation using GIS in Arc / Info
workstation.
Attribute Coding Verification: The attribute codes for the different categories need
to be then verified and additional attributes – feature name, description etc. are
added into the feature database. After these operations the thematic coverage are
ready for GIS analysis.
3.12.8 Spatial data generated from toposheets
The spatial databases from toposheets of Survey of India (SOI) relevant for this
study are
 Base map
 Drainage map
 Road network map
3.12.8.1 BASE MAP
Base Map is prepared by using Survey of India topographic numbers covered 65

N/12 and 65 N/16 maps on 1:50,000 scale. All the settlements, road network,
water bodies and forest areas are taken into consideration. By comparing the
Survey of India topographic maps with that of the satellite image the size of all the
settlements are increased and updated. The aerial extent of the study area is 314
sq. km and it is 0.45% of the total area of the part of Vizianagaram and
Srikakulam districts. In this study area major settlements like Sancham,
Devunipalavalasa, Boddapeta, Vallabharayunipeta and Konuru etc. Base Map
showing in Figure 3.7.

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Figure 3.7: SHOWING BASE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

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3.12.8.2 ROAD NETWORK MAP
In the study area all the settlements are connected either by metalled road or un-
metalled road. Whereas, within study area connects Sancham, Devunipalavalasa,
Boddapeta, Vallabharayunipeta and Konuru etc Mandal head quarters to each and
every village, ultimately it connects with all villages. Railway network does not
exist in the study area. The nearest railway station is Vallabharayunipeta road,
which is at a distance of 17 Kms west of Vallabharayunipeta town. Road network
map showing Figure 3.8.

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Figure 3.8: SHOWING ROAD NETWORK MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
63 Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad.

3.12.8.3 DRAINAGE MAP
Drainage map is prepared by using Survey of India Topographic maps on

1:50,000. All the streams and tanks existing in the study area are marked in this
map. These streams further classified based on stream ordering. Up to fourth order
streams exist in the study area.
Most of the streams flow east to west in the study area and some north to south in
the southern portion. Rivers, canals, reservoirs and lakes do not exist in the study
area. Only one higher order stream exists and it flows through the revenue village
limits. The drainage system existing is dendritic. Tank bunds are also marked in
the map. All the water bodies are divided into dry and wet areas. These wet (water
spread) areas changes from time to time and some new tanks are found in the
satellite images. For this reason, the drainage map is updated from the satellite
images. Drainage map showing Figure 3.9.

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Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal),
Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh EIA
REPORT
Figure 3.9: SHOWING DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

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3.12.9 SPATIAL DATA GENERATED FROM SATELLITE DATA AND OTHER

DATASETS
Before satellite images can provide meaningful measurements to user, the raw,
unbiased reflectance values received by the satellite sensors require considerable
mathematical processing. Manipulations are required both to register the grid of
pixels to specific locations on the Earth’s surface and to transform the data into
useful information. Understanding the various algorithms operating on the raw
data is usually beyond the ability of non specialists, and the resulting spatial data
must be accepted on faith. Frequently the result of this manipulation is classified
data in which pixel values indicate classes of an attribute (e.g., nominal data such
as vegetation type or land use classes) rather than interval or ratio data
classification algorithms and techniques are among the most highly disputed in the
discipline (Estes, 1995). Methods for statistically estimating the error resulting
from the classification of satellite images have been developed and do provide
some quality assurance (Burrough, 1998).
3.12.9.1 Remote Sensing Technology for Visual Image Interpretation
The procedure consists of a set of image elements or characteristics like color /

tone, texture, pattern, size, shape and so on, which help in the recognition or
interpretation of various land use / land cover features systematically on the
enhanced satellite imagery during the classification of features (Lillesand, 2000).
The land use/ Land cover classification system used in this project is the system
which is pioneered by United States Geological Survey (USGS) and is modified by
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) according to Indian conditions. A
preliminary image classification key is prepared for the fussed pictorial data and is
used during interpretation process. Using the image interpretation key, preliminary
interpretation of satellite imagery is carried out by transferring the features from
base map on to the transparency. This transparency with base line data features is
then overlaid on the satellite imagery. Then the features of LU/LC are extracted
and transferred from the satellite pictorial data. The doubtful areas (due to similar
spectral response and spectral signature) identified during the preliminary image
classification are listed out before ground verification. After finalizing the ground
traverse plan the doubtful areas are physically verified and field observation about
terrain condition and land use pattern are noted. Based on the ground information

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collected, corrections and modifications of miss classified land use / land cover
details and doubtful areas are carried out on enhanced imageries for final land
use/land cover classification. The final land use/land cover classes are separated by
assigning standard colors with respect to each one of the land use/land cover
classes. The study area satellite images are shown in Figure 3.210.

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Figure 3.2: SHOWING SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE STUDY AREA
LEGEND
PROJECT SITE

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3.12.10 GENERATION OF THEMATIC LAYERS
Based on the physical characteristics of the study area, their sources, method of
derivation of maps (IMSD Technical Guidelines, NRSA, 1995), suitability and
environmental sensitivity, the following maps are generated.
 Land use / Land cover map

 Geomorphology map
 Ground water potential map
3.12.10.1 LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP
Land use / land cover map is prepared by visual interpretation of high-resolution

satellite data with the help of Survey of India Topographic maps on 1:50,000 scale.
Two seasons’ data (Khariff year 2010) is used for the delineation of different units.
The units are confirmed by the ground truth/field visits.
Level-II classification of National (Natural) Resources Information System (NRIS)

has been followed for the delineation of units.
Land use/ Land cover map of the study area is integrated with village map and
analyzed with the help of GIS to get the village wise findings of the present land
use of the study area, which is given elaborately in the following tables:
Land use refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on land.
Land cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and
others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is generally inferred
based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover are closely related
and interchangeable. Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land
resources is essential to the proper planning, management and regulation of the
use of such resources.
Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of change is essential if the
nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and uncontrolled
growth. A systematic framework is needed for updating the land use and land
cover maps that will be timely, relatively inexpensive and appropriate for different

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needs at national and state level. The rapidly developing technology of remote
sensing offers an efficient and timely approach to the mapping and collection of
basic land use and land cover data over large area. The satellite imageries are
potentially more amenable to digital processing because the remote sensor output
can be obtained in digital format. Land use data are needed in the analysis of
environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living conditions
and standards are to be improved or maintained at current levels.
3.12.10.2 Basic Concepts of Land Use
Clawson has given nine major ideas or concepts about land. These are:
 Location or the relation of a specific parcel of land to the poles, the equator,
and the major oceans and landmasses. There is also relationship between
various tracts of land, as well as a political location.
 Activity on the land, for what purpose this piece of land or tract is used.
 Natural qualities of land, including its surface and subsurface characteristics
and its vegetative cover.
 Improvements to and on the land. This is closely related to the activity.
 Intensity of land use or amount of activity per unit area.
 Land tenure, i.e. who owns the land, which uses it.
 Land prices, land market activity and credit as applied to land.
 Interrelations between activities on the land and other economic and social
activities.
 Interrelations in the use between different tracts of land.
3.12.10.3 Land Use / Land Cover Classification
The USGS devised a land use and land cover classification system for use with
remote sensing data in the mid-1970. The basic concepts and structure of this
system are still valid today. The USGS classification system was devised according
to the following criteria:
 The minimum level of interpretation accuracy using remotely sensed data

should be at least 85%

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 The accuracy of interpretation for the several categories should be about

equal
 Repeatable results should be obtainable from one interpreter to another
 The classification system should be applicable over extensive areas
 The categorization should permit land use to be inferred from the land cover
types
 The classification system should be suitable for use with remote sensing data
obtained at different times of the year
 Categories should be divisible into more detailed subcategories that can be
obtained from large scale imagery or ground survey
 Aggregation of categories must be possible
 Comparison with future land use and land cover should be possible
 Multiple uses of land should be recognized
USGS specified the classification, which is principally of interest to users who desire
information on a nationwide, interstate, or statewide basis. Levels III and IV can
be utilized to provide information at a resolution appropriate for regional or local
planning and management activities.
3.12.10.4 Objectives of Land Use / Land Cover Map
The main objectives of land use map are,
 The land use map will be utilized as a basic database, which provides the
information for allocating new land use practices.
 It will incorporate demographic, economic and environmental impact, which
has occurred in an area.
 Not only will the information indicate where intensive development has
already taken place and where there is open land suitable for future
expansion, but it will also make it possible to determine special areas, such
as prime agricultural lands.
 Land use/ land cover map will serve as a basis for monitoring land use
change.
 The land use map will serve as a base in the integrated overall planning of
agricultural and industrial development of the region.

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Land use refers to man’s activities and various uses, which are carried on land.
Land cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and
others resulting due to land transformation. Although land use is generally inferred
based on the cover, yet both the terms land use and land cover are closely related
and interchangeable. Information on the rate and kind of change in the use of land
resources is essential to the proper planning, management and regulation of the
use of such resources. Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of
change is essential if the nation is to tackle the problems associated with the
haphazard and uncontrolled growth. A systematic framework is needed for
updating the land use and land cover maps that will be timely, relatively
inexpensive and appropriate for different needs at national and state level. The
rapidly developing technology of remote sensing offers an efficient and timely
approach to the mapping and collection of basic land use and land cover data over
large area. The satellite imageries are potentially more amenable to digital
processing because the remote sensor output can be obtained in digital format.
Land use data are needed in the analysis of environmental processes and problems
that must be understood if living conditions and standards are to be improved or
maintained at current levels.
Table 3.13: SHOWING THE USGS LAND USE / LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
S.No. Level I Level II
11 Residential
12 Commercial and service
13 Industrial
Urban or
1. 14 Transportation, communications and utilities
built-up land
15 Industrial and commercial complexes
16 Mixed urban or built-up land
17 Other urban or built-up land
21 Cropland and pasture
Agricultural 22 Orchards, groves, vineyards, nurseries and
2.
land ornamental horticultural areas
23 Other agricultural land
31 Herbaceous rangeland
3. Rangeland 32 Shrub and brush rangeland
33 Mixed rangeland

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41 Deciduous forest land

4. Forest land 42 evergreen forest land
43 Mixed forest land
51 Streams and canals
52 Lakes
5. Water
53 Reservoirs
54 Bays and estuaries
61 forested wetland
6. Wetland
62 Non forested wetland
71 Dry salt flats
72 beaches
73 Sandy areas other than beaches
7. Barren land 74 Bare exposed rock
75 Strip mines, quarries and gravel pits
76 Transitional areas
77 Mixed barren land
81 Scrub and bush tundra
82 herbaceous tundra
8. Tundra 83 Bare ground tundra
84 Wet tundra
85 Mixed tundra
Perennial snow 91 Perennial snowfields
9.
or ice 92 Glaciers
(Source: Lille sand, 2000)
3.12.10.5 Remote sensing as related to Land Use
Land is the most important natural endowment on which all the man’s activities are
based. The interaction between man and land (Soil), vegetation, water and other
resources culminates in the development of land use. A sequential development of
land use with time results in different land utilization patterns and trends. Growing
population and increased human activities are exerting pressure on limited land
resources. This is evident by the decrease in per-capita available cultivable land
from 0.48 ha. In 1951 to 0.22 ha. In 1991 the unprecedented demand on land for
agriculture, urban and industrial, mining besides for forests and pastures (apart
from land degradation and erosion) calls for an optimum utilization of land. This

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requires timely and up to date information about the spatial distribution, location,
extent, type of different land use and its spatial pattern of changes over a period of
time for scientific land use planning and management.
Ever since the remotely sensed data are available (Since the launch of ERTS-1 in
1972), the mapping of land use/land cover has gained importance. Earlier to this,
the land use details have been collected by village officers and the surveys lacked.
The spatial representation, reliability are time consuming. By the time the detail
are compiled and reaches the planner, the data become obsolete. Remotely sensed
data, due to its synoptic, unbiased, repetitive coverage provides reliable
information on spatial distribution of land use. Further, this is the only source for
the inaccessible areas. Organization like Central Arid Zone Research Institute
(CAZRI) in Jodhpur, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) in Hyderabad, Space
Application Center (SAC) in Ahmadabad, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land
Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) in Nagpur, All India Soil and Land Use Survey (AIS&LUS)
in New Delhi and other state remote sensing centers have been engaged in land
use mapping using remotely sensed data. NRSC has carried out land use surveys
in some parts of the country using MSS, TM Pavam Terra and recently SPOT and
IRS data. Wasteland mapping of the entire country on 1:1 M scale was completed
using 1980-82 MSS false Color composites based on which around 53.3 million ha,
(16.2%) of the total geographical area of the country was categorized as
wastelands under eight different categories. Presently land use/land cover mapping
of all the states and union territories is being carried out on 1:250,000 scale, based
on IRS P6, LISS-IV image on 1:50,000 scale, besides other collateral data as
available in the form of maps, charts, census records, reports, and Survey of India
topographical maps.
Some of the characteristics of remote sensing which are related to land use may be
inferred from the criteria given by Anderson. These important characteristics are:
The interpretation from one interpreter to another will vary greatly for certain
types of interpretation where insufficient guidelines or poorly constructed and
defined classes are used. Terrain appearance and the size of similar features
change from place to place and the level of available detail may therefore change
for similar imagery scales. Terrain appearance varies from season to season. Land
use cannot be read directly from imagery. What can be obtained from the imagery
is dependent on scale. Land cover must be used to infer land use.

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3.12.10.6 Application of Remote sensing techniques for land use/land

cover
Remote sensing techniques provide reliable, accurate baseline information for land
use mapping. Generalized delineation of land use classification for large area and
spatial distribution of land use categories is possible by satellite imagery as it
provides synoptic view. Satellite Remote sensing techniques are helpful to study
changes at regular intervals. Rapid small scale land use mapping for state and
national series on 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 is possible by satellite remote
sensing techniques. Satellite remote sensing provides data in different bands of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Also we can have the coverage of the same area on
different dates. We can combine data in different bands to produce a color
composite. Land use mapping both by visual interpretation and computer aided
interpretation is possible by satellite remote sensing technique.
3.12.10.7 Methodology for land use/land cover mapping
Flowchart showing the methodology adopted for land use/land cover mapping is
given in Figure 3.10 for analysis and interpretation two types of data are needed:
1. Basic data 2. Ground data
1. Basic data includes:

 Satellite data of LISS IV MX
 Toposheets
 Local knowledge
 Area map on any scale to transfer details
 Reports and other literature of the study area
2. Ground data: Ground data is very much essential to verify and to increase
the accuracy of the interpreted classes and also to minimize the field work.
3. Data analysis: For analysis and interpretation of satellite data, the study can
be divided into three parts:
 Preliminary work
 Field work
 Post field work

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A. Preliminary work includes:

 to see the limitation of satellite data
 to lay down the criteria for land use classification to be adopted
 to fix the size of mapping units, which depends upon the scale
 interpretation of different land use/land cover classes
 demarcation of doubtful areas
 preparation of field land use/land cover map
B. Field work:
 Type of ground data to be collected
 Selection of sample area for final classification
 Checking of doubtful areas
 Change in land use/ land cover due to wrong identification, fresh
development, nomenclature.
 General verification
C. Post field work:
 Reinterpretation or analysis or correction of doubtful areas
 Transfer of details on base map
 Marginal information
 Preparation of final land use/land cover map
The overall methodology showing under below:

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FIGURE 3.11: FLOW CHART FOR LU/LC MAPPING METHODOLOGY
Basic data Data source Secondary data
IRS–LISS-MX
Preparation
of base map
Interpretation and mapping of

Development of land use / land cover categories
interpretation keys based
on image characteristics
Ground verification of doubtful areas

and modification of thematic details
Validation and final
interpretation key
Final land use/land cover

map with symbols and
colours
Area estimation of each

land use/land cover class

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3.12.10.8 Study Area Land Use / Land Cover Classification System
Using the standard land use classification system proposed by NRSC (about five
classes of level I, twelve of level II and four of level III) land use / land cover
classes were identified and mapped using satellite data in the present study. The
imagery is interpreted and ground checked for appropriate corrections.
The land use / land cover area break up for the proposed site is given in Table 1.5
Built –up land occupies about 7.85 sq .km, Water bodies occupy around 35. 796
sq. km., crop land around 200.332 sq. km, forest land around 18.526 sq. Km and
wastelands occupy around 50.24 Sq. km. Most of the land is under crop land /
waste land. There are no sanctuaries within the study area. The land use / land
cover map of study area has showing in Figure 3.12.

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Figure 3.12: SHOWING LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

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TABLE 3.14: LAND USE / LAND COVER STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA
S. No. LANDUSE AREA (Sq. km) %
1 BUILT UP LAND
Settlements 6.594 2.1
Industrial area 1.256 0.4
2. WATERBODIES
Tank/River/etc. 35.796 11.4

3. CROP LAND
Single crop 134.392 42.8
Double crop 44.588 14.2
Plantations 21.352 6.8
4. FOREST 18.526 5.9

5. WASTELANDS
Land with scrub 38.622 12.3
Land without scrub 2.826 0.9
Gullied/Ravenous land 7.222 2.3

Mining area
0.628 0.2
Stoney waste area
0.942 0.3
TOTAL 314 100

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3.12.11 GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP
Geomorphography is defined as part of geomorphology dealing with the description

of Earth’s surface features / landforms. The linkage between the physiographic
units and geomorphic units are necessary to relate the landforms and soils.
Geomorphology map is prepared by visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite
imagery with the help of Survey of India Topographic maps and ground truth.
Lithology, drainage and contour maps are considered while preparing the
geomorphology map. The earth’s surface can be classified into different
geomorphic units/land forms based on their physiographic expression, origin,
material content and climatic conditions, etc. Technical guidelines of National
Remote Sensing Centre are taken into consideration in the classification of
geomorphic units. In the study area, the following eight geomorphic units are
delineated from the satellite imagery. Geomorphology map showing in Figure
3.13.
PPS : Pediplain Shallow Weathered

VFS : Valley Fill Shallow
PD : Pediment
PIC : Pediment-Inselberg Complex
I : Inselberg
DR : Dyke Ridge
RH : Residual Hill
DH : Denudational Hill
Geomorphology map is used for the preparation of ground water prospects map.

Hyderabad.
Figure 3.13: SHOWING GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

Hyderabad.
3.12.12 GROUND WATER POTENTIAL MAP
Ground water prospects of an area depend mainly on Lithology unit (rock type)
occurring at that area. However, within each Lithology unit, the ground water
conditions vary significantly depending upon the geomorphology, structure,
slope, soil thickness, depth and nature of weathered material, presence of
fractures / lineaments, surface water bodies, canals, irrigated areas, etc. All
the parameters of the study area are studied and integrated to arrive at the
ground water prospects. Ground water potential map showing in Figure 3.14.

Hyderabad.
Figure 3.14: GROUND WATER POTENTIAL MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
CHAPTER-4 : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES
Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact

Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to
predict impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic
environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project)
status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of
environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps in minimizing the impacts on
environmental quality during the proposed project.
An attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground level
concentrations above the baseline status in respect of air pollution. The mathematical
models used for predictions in the present study is an EPA approved ISCST3 model
which is used on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for point
sources and area sources for air quality. The predicted ground level concentrations
computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model and plotted as isopleths concentrations.
In case of water, land, biological and socio-economic environment, the predictions have
been made based on available scientific literature and secondary sources of
information.
In the earlier chapters, various process and pollution sources were identified. In this
chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground
level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from the proposed
project.
M/s RANSL proposes to install 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric arc furnace for
manufacturing the Ferro Manganese, Silico manganese and Ferro Silicon. For
estimation of impacts the proposed furnaces, which will be under implementation, were
considered.

Hyderabad.
4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The present baseline concentrations were monitored in the EIA study. The additional
emissions are mainly from 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric arc furnace.
The proposed project activity will result in air emissions from the following areas.
a) Raw material Handling and storage area

b) Products storage and loading area.
The proposed furnaces are being electrically operated, no fuel will be used. Hence no
major emissions are envisaged.The emissions from submerged arc furnace include
suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, and CO2.
The nature of emissions from the above units is detailed below in table 4.1.
Table 4.1: NATURE OF EMISSION AND POLLUTANT

Nature of Emission Pollutant
Raw material handling & storage area Fugitive
Furnace Fugitive and Flue gas Particulate
End products storage and handling Fugitive Matter
area
Fugitive dust emissions confine to area of emission source and its spread to further
areas is limited. Hence the impact of the fugitive dust is confined to the maximum of
50 m around the source at a lower height of 5 – 10 m. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will incorporate the various pollution control systems in the fugitive dust
prone areas while designing of the plant.
The major air emissions from the proposed project, which will have the impact on the
surrounding is mainly from the Submerged Arc Furnace section where the dust is
release through flue gases to the atmosphere.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will provide one tall stacks for the proposed
furnace to exhaust the flue gas emissions. The major pollutants emitted from the unit
are particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The hot gases released
from the furnace are of high temperature. M/s RANSL proposes to install Gas Cleaning

Hyderabad.
Plant for controlling dust emission. The hot gas emitted from the furnace is conditioned
by using radiant coolers to reduce the temperature before entering the GCP.
The flue gases with a temperature of about 120o C will be dedusted in the Bag filter
designed for an outlet concentration of less than 50mg/Nm3. however for estimation of
the worst case scenario, out let concentration of 115 mg/Nm3 has been considered. The
details of emission considered for estimation of impacts are given below in Table 4.2.
TABLE 4.2: EMISSION DETAILS OF PROPOSED FURNACE

4 x 9 MVA SEAF
No. of stacks 4
Height of stack (m) 30
Diameter of stack (m) 2.0
o
Temperature of flue gas ( C) 120
Velocity of flue gas (m/s) 18
Particulate matter at outlet of bag 0.09
filter(gm/sec/stack)
Sulphur dioxide emission (gm/sec/stack) 0.22
Oxides of nitrogen (gm/sec/stack) 0.12
4.2 Stack Height Estimation
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to install four stacks for the
proposed 4 x 9 MVA Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace.
The stack height has been estimated based on CPCB formula considering Particulate
Matter (PM) emission rate of 0.00027 tones/hr for the proposed furnace, which is
based on worst-case scenario of outlet concentration of 50mg/Nm3 has been
considered. The following formula, recommended by Central Pollution Control Board
has been used to compute the stack height.
0.27
H = 74 (Qs)
H = Theoretical height of proposed stack in m
Qs = Emission rate of SPM tones/hr

Hyderabad.
Based on the above formula, the required stack height is estimated to be 8.04 m to
exhaust the emissions from the proposed arc furnace.
The stack height has been estimated based on CPCB formula considering Sulphur
Dioxide SO2 emission rate of 6.92 kg/hr for the proposed furnace. The following
formula, recommended by Central Pollution Control Board has been used to compute
the stack height.
0.3
H = 14 (Qs)
H = Theoretical height of proposed stack in m
Qs = Emission rate of SO2 kg/hr
Based on the above formula, the required stack height is estimated to be 25 m to

exhaust the emissions from the proposed arc furnace.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to install four stacks of 30 m height
each for effective dispersion of flue gas emissions, which will be generated from the
proposed 4 x 9 MVA submerged electric Arc Furnace.
4.3 Meteorological Data
The meteorological data recorded continuously during the months of February 2011 –
April 2011 on hourly basis on wind speed, wind direction and temperature has been
processed to extract the 24 – hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of
IMD and MoEF for application of ISCST3 model. Stability classes computed for the
mean hours are based on guidelines issued by CPCB on modeling. Mixing heights
representative of the region have been taken from the available published literature.
The meteorological data input considered as per the IMD guidelines is enclosed as
Annexure – E.
4.4 Model Employed
Prediction of cumulative ground level concentration due to emissions from the proposed
project has been computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model.

Hyderabad.
4.4.1 Application of ISCST3 for Prediction of Ground Level Concentration
ISCST3 Model with the following options has been employed to predict the ground level
concentration due to emissions from the proposed project in the Ferro alloy plant.
 Areas being rural, rural dispersion parameters are considered.

 Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial
distance of 10 km around the sources
 Emission rates from the point sources and area sources were considered as
constant and during the entire period.
 Consideration of settling velocity of the particles
 The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis without any
consideration of decay coefficient.
 Calm winds recorded during the study period were also taken into consideration
 24 hourly (for 24 – hour mean meteorological data as per guidelines of IMD and
MoEF) mean ground level concentrations were estimated for the summer season
using the mean meteorological data of February 2011 – April 2011.
4.4.2 Emission Sources Considered for Simulations
Since the baseline concentrations monitored in the REIA study. The additional
emissions from the proposed furnaces have been considered for prediction of impacts.
4.4.3 Maximum Ground Level Concentrations
Ground level concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx were estimated using the mean
meteorological data to project the incremental increase of concentration above baseline
concentrations due to emission from the proposed project. The following table shows
the summary of the same.
Figure 4.1 – 4.3 represents the spatial distribution of the predicted ground level
concentrations of Particulate Matter, SO2, and NOx due to emissions from the proposed
project.

Hyderabad.
Figure 4.1: GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER
µg/m3
HIGH 1ST HIGH VALUE IS 3.19763 ON 11021624: AT ( 3000.00, 3000.00, 0.00,

0.00) GC CG1

Hyderabad.
Figure 4.2: GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2
µg/m3
HIGH 1ST HIGH VALUE IS 8.03614 ON 11021624: AT (3000.00, 3000.00,

0.00, 0.00) GC

Hyderabad.
Figure 4.3: GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF NOX
µg/m3
HIGH 1ST HIGH VALUE IS 4.29155 ON 11021624: AT ( 3000.00, 3000.00,

0.00, 0.00) GC

Hyderabad.
4.4.4 Post project scenario
Maximum ground level concentrations are predicted considering 24-hourly mean

meteorological data of February 2011 – April 2011, superimposed on the maximum
baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project
scenario which would prevail at the post operations phase.
The Overall Scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline
concentrations is shown below:
TABLE 4.3: OVERALL SCENARIO WITHIN STUDY AREA

24 Hourly Particulate Sulphur Oxides of
Concentrations Matter(PM10) Dioxide Nitrogen
3 3
µg/m µg/m µg/m3
Baseline Scenario (Max) 44.5 8.5 12.3
Predicted Ground Level 3.19 8.03 4.29
Concentration (Max)
Overall Scenario 47.69 16.53 16.59
CPCB Std. 100 80 80
4.4.5 Impact on Villages
It may be observed that based on the predicted concentrations it can be inferred that
area is unlikely to be significantly affected due to the proposed project.
4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
During construction, no significant impact is envisaged as most of the construction

equipment produces noise level below 80 dB (A). The noise generated is expected to be
intermittent and of short duration.
During operational phase after the proposed project the major noise generating
sources are plant machinery and generator. These sources will be located far off from
each other. Under any circumstances the noise level from each of these sources will not
exceed 75 dB (A).

Hyderabad.
The present noise levels monitored at proposed plant are in the range of 53.5 – 62.5
dB (A) (Lp total)
Prediction of anticipated noise levels have been computed using point source model. A
basic phenomenon of the model is the geometric attenuation of sound. Nose at a point
generates spherical waves which are propagated outward from the source though the
air at a speed of 1,100 ft/sec, with the first wave making an ever increasing sphere
with time. As the wave spreads the intensity of noise diminishes as the fixed amount of
energy is spread over an increasing surface area of the sphere.
The assumption of the model is based on point source relationship i.e. for every
doubling of the distance the noise levels are decreased by 6 dB (A). Point source
propagation is defined by the following equation:
Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 log r2/r1
Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distances r1 and r2,
respectively, from the source.
Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated from the above equation, is expected to
be less than 60 db (A). Predictions carried out are on as is basis without taking into
consideration any attenuation factors. Additional attenuation is expected, due to
atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
Noise levels generated during this proposed project is confined within the plant and is
further reduced due to attenuation of greenbelt. Noise level at the plant boundary,
calculated from the above equation, is expected to be less than 60 dB (A) without
considering any attenuation factors. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will
develop the greenbelt in an area of 3.88 acres within the premises. Boundary
plantation developed will be act as a barrier and further reduce the noise levels.

Hyderabad.
4.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
The makeup water requirement of the proposed plant is 160 KLD. The water will be
mainly used for furnace cooling purpose and domestic purpose only. Cooling water will
be continuously recirculated in the cooling circuit and domestic effluent is sent to septic
tank followed by soak pit.
Raw water drawn from the bore well will be treated in the softener for removal of
hardness. The soft water is supplied for cooling water in electrical Arc Furnace. The
water for other areas i.e. for greenbelt and domestic use is supplied directly.
4.6.1 Wastewater Generation
As the proposed project is Ferro Alloy Plant. There is no industrial waste water shall be
generated but only domestic waste water 3.0 KLD shall be generated which will be sent
to septic tank followed by soak pit
Rain water harvesting shall be carried out to recharge ground water which can improve
water environment of the area. So no adverse impact of proposed activities, on water
quality is envisaged.
4.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has acquired 11.42 acres of land for this
proposed project.
No hazardous waste shall be generated from the proposed project. Other solid waste
generated from the proposed project activities shall be properly disposed as
environmental friendly so there will be no significant impact on land environment.
4.7.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION
The main solid wastes generated from the proposed plant are Slag and Dust. 362.45
TPD of slag (228.95 TPD of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of Silico Manganese slag
and 8.26 TPD of Ferro Silica slag) will be generated from the proposed plant. As the
Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese manufacturing process, only
Silico Manganese Slag and Ferro Silica slag of 133.50TPD will be considered as solid

Hyderabad.
waste. This slag will be sent to brick and cement manufacturing units & also used in
filling Low Lying areas, Construction activities.
Bag filter Dust of 37.13 TPD will be disposed to brick manufacturing units, and cement
manufacturing units, where this dust will be used as a substitute for cement.
TABLE 4.4: COMPOSITION OF SLAG IN %

MnO FeO SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Cr203
Ferro Manganese 30 1.2 30 14 16 8 --
Silico Manganese 12 1.2 40 18 8 10 --
HC Ferro Chrome -- 1.5 30 30 4 30 4
Socio Economic status in the study area is found to be moderate with respect to
livelihood, amenities etc. The management of the proposed project will create direct
and indirect employment to about 150 persons.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
CHAPTER -5 : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

(TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY
Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace to produce Ferro Alloys is a well proven technology
employed all over the world and no technological failures have been reported so far.
Hence no alternative technologies are analyzed for consideration.
5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES
The proposed Ferro Alloys project of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will be
located at Sancham (Village), Ranastalam (Mandal), Srikakulam (District), Andhra
Pradesh. For this the project proponent already acquired 11.42Acres of land.
 There are no National Parks/Sanctuaries within 10 km radius.

 There are no Archeological places within 10 km radius.
 There are no Historical places/places of tourist importance within 10 km radius.
 The nearest village is at 1.5 kms distance from the plant site.
As the proposed plant site is in accordance with MoEF guidelines, no alternative sites
have been analysed.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-6
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PROGRAM
CHAPTER -6 : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis

to ascertain the following:
1. State of pollution within the plant and in its vicinity.

2. Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.
3. Examine the efficiency of Pollution Control Systems installed in the plant and
4. To assess environmental impacts
The proposed Ferro Alloy will implement requirements of the State and Central
Pollution Control Boards by regularly monitoring ambient air quality stack emission,
water and wastewater quality.
6.1.1 Meteorology
An automatic continuous recording meteorological station would be installed within the

plant premises for a proper measurement and record of meteorological parameters, In
addition, minimum and maximum temperatures, atmospheric pressure and rainfall will
also be measured daily.
6.1.2 Ambient Air Quality
To determine the extent to which the proposed Ferro Alloy contributes to pollution in
the area, a network of ground level monitoring stations are proposed. Continuous
monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx concentrations from the stack would also be
carried out for proper control of the pollutants at the emission source. In addition to
the above, high efficiency bag filters to control particulate emission to less than
50mg/Nm3 will be provided.
Periodic monitoring (monthly) of stack emissions by Stack Monitoring Kit would also be
undertaken for counter checking the results of continuous monitoring. The stack
monitoring data will be utilized to keep a continuous check on the performance of
APCS.

Hyderabad.
Ambient air quality would be monitored twice a week for PM2.5, PM10, S02, NOx & CO.
24-hourly samples of ambient air quality at three locations outside plant premises and
one station within the plant will be monitored twice a week at uniform intervals. Hourly
CO monitoring at each location twice a week will be monitored.
6.1.3 Water Quality
Representative samples will be drawn from the surface and ground water bodies at 3
stations within 10km radius of the project site and analyzed for their physicochemical
characteristics, bacteriological and biological parameters as per IS 2490/IS 10500
Specifications.
Day and night levels will be monitored at 4 stations within 10km radius of the project
site.
6.1.5 Occupational Health
 M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) has established a full fledged occupational
health with medical practitioner, compounder and other staff.
 Under occupational safety and health management, M/s RANSL will take all the
necessary steps to provide better working environment.
 Regular health checkup is done for all employees and contract workers.
6.2 BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN
An amount of 6.0 Crores is proposed for implementing the Environmental management

plan.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(RISK ASSESSMENT & EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS PLAN)
CHAPTER -7 : ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
The proposed industry is located in Sancham Village in Ranastalam Mandal of

Srikakulam District. As per EIA 2006 notification all the projects located out site an
industrial area have to conduct Public consultations to elicit their opinion and seek their
cooperation for successful operation of the project prior to approval form MOEF for
grant of Environmental Clearance.
Public hearing was conducted by APPCB, Vizianagaram on 10-02-2012at project site.

Public hearing minutes was issued with Letter No.PCB/ROVZ/Tech/Z-592/2012-
1781Dated 25-02-2012 & same was enclosed as Annexure -J
7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND APPROACH TO EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

PLAN
Increasing use of hazardous chemicals as raw materials, intermediates and finished

products has attracted attention of the Government and the public, at large, in view of
the chemical disasters, which occurred during the last decade. The serious nature of
the accidents, which cause damage to the plant, personnel and public, has compelled
industries to pay maximum attention to the safety issues and also effectively manage
the hazardous material and operations. After the ill-fated Bhopal tragedy, the
Government of India has made it mandatory for the industries handling hazardous
chemicals/ flammable materials to maintain specified safety standards and generate an
“on-site” emergency plan.
Risk assessment study includes study of nature of hazards due to the proposed project
activities of the plant including operations involved in use of hazardous chemicals/fuels
storage and handling. The study includes:
 Identification of chemicals and hazards.

 Preliminary identification of hazardous area of the plant and threat of storage
with respect to Fire and Explosion index.
 Identification of accident sequences and consequences

Hyderabad.
 Visualization and Analysis of Maximum Credible Accidental scenarios.

 Estimation of damage criteria of heat radiation and toxic concentration levels
with recourse to health criteria and dose response.
 Study of onsite and offsite population characteristics.
 Study of characteristics of risk levels through study of nature of exposure,
pathways and consequences of maximum credible accidental scenarios and
presentation of results in terms of risk contours.
 For developing an “On-site” and “Off-site” Emergency Management Plan
incorporating measures of safety prevention, mitigation and control of
Hazardous events.
Hazard identification provides information on onsite hazardous substances, their

nature, quantities and details of storage.
Preliminary hazard Identification is used to identify typical and often relatively apparent
risk sources and damage events in a system. As each hazard is identified, the potential
causes, effects, and severity of accidents and possible corrective and /or preventive
measures are also listed.
Hazards of significant nature whose potential consequences are worthy of mention and
wherein a specified area or where more number of personnel likely to be present etc.,
are considered in identifying the hazards. The following hazards are evaluated:
 Fire Hazards
 Explosion Hazards.
 Toxic Hazards.
7.2.1 Preliminary Accident/ Hazard Analysis
A general accident/ hazard analysis and review is presented below:

Ferro Alloys is used in large quantities as raw material and no other hazardous
materials are stored in the plant area. The maximum quantity of Ferro Alloys stored in
plant area is 1000 Tones.
A. Type of Accidents

Hyderabad.
In general accidents can occur in three stages.

 Construction, commissioning, start-up or shut down stages.
 Normal process operation and
 Storage and transfer operation.
B. Construction / commissioning / start up / shut down stages / vessel /

tankage entry
 During construction stage, most of the accidents occur due to;
 Human errors (by – passing safety rules and regulations).
 Improper laying of cables.
 Improper Housekeeping (keeping combustible material near welding/ gas
cutting operations)
 Material handling.
 Handling of tools.
 Working at heights/ elevated levels.
 Material handling with equipments like crane, hydraulic pay loaders,
 JCB, Proclain.
 Earth moving and filling.
 Uncovered trenches, Pressuring of the line etc.
 Unsafe electrical practices.
C. Process Operations
 Accidents in Ferro Alloys generally occur due to Fire, Explosion and Electrical
hazards.
 Malfunctioning of equipment
 Power failures
 Failure to take corrective steps in time
 Failure of utilities
 System failure
 Ageing of equipments
 Improper communication
D. Storage and Transfer Operations

 Accidents due to material spillage/ over filling, mechanical failure and external
impacts
 Static electricity

Hyderabad.
 Thunder and lightning

 Accident due to human error
E. System Elements/ Event that can lead to Major Accidents
The systems like storage tanks, columns, pipelines involving highly flammable and
hazardous chemicals can lead to major accidents under abnormal conditions. The
various systems and its possible events are listed below.
Table 7.1: Shows the Systems and its possible events
S.No Systems Type of Events

Pipelines Leak/Rupture
Columns/strippers Dislocation of internals
Ferro Alloys Tube leak /Over pressure
Burners Flange leak
Pumps Mechanical failure / Utility failure
Compressors Over pressure
Valves Leak
Storage tanks Over filling/ over pressure/ static Electricity
Hoses Leak / rupture
7.2.2 Potential Hazards
Hazard is an event / incident that can lead to damage of equipment or personal injury.
The Ferro Alloy plant of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would not deal with
any hazardous chemicals. Also there is no explosion hazard as there is no closed
combustion or no explosive chemicals are being used.
The following are the potential areas in the proposed Ferro Alloy plant of M/s
Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) that can lead to major accidents.

Hyderabad.
 Fire in Fuel storage yard

 Electrical Hazards like flashover and short circuits
 As such the possibility of auto ignition is very low. Precautions such as strict
enforcement of ‘No Smoking in the area’ and installation of sprinklers will be
taken.
 For the electrical hazard likely to arise out of a possible (but rare) flashover and
short circuit, it is a standard practice in a Ferro Alloy plant to provide for at the
design stage and install protection systems which will automatically trip and
isolate the faulty circuits, thus minimising the damage, if any, to local area.
Thus M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would take all possible and practical
precautions to eliminate, in the first instance, all the above hazards and minimise the
damage in the unfortunate event of occurrence.
7.2.3 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis
Maximum Credible Accidents Analysis (MCA Analysis) is one of the methodologies

evolved to identify worst credible accident with maximum damage distance, which is
still believed to be probable. The analysis does not include quantification of probability.
The following is an attempt in that direction.
Hazardous substance may be released as a result of failures of personnel and

catastrophes, causing damage to the surrounding area. The physical effects resulting
from the release of hazardous substances are calculated by means of models. The
results thus obtained through modeling are used to translate the physical effects in
terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and environment.
Details of the models which are based on the formulae published in the yellow book by
the TNO, Netherlands are given below
7.2.4 Pool Fire Model
The heat load on objects outside the burning pool of liquid can be calculated with the
heat radiation model. This model uses average radiation intensity, which is dependent
on the liquid. Account is also taken of the diameter to height ratio of the fire, which

Hyderabad.
depends on the burning liquid. In addition, the heat load is also influenced by the
following factors:
 Distance from the fire

 The relative humidity of the air (water vapour has a relatively high heat
absorbing capacity).
7.2.5 Scenarios for MCA Analysis
The above model is selected after studying the failure modes. The following are the
worst-case scenarios, which are considered for MCA analysis.
A. DAMAGE CRITERIA FOR HEAT RADIATION
The following table indicates likely damage level for different level of heat radiations:
Table 7.2: Shows damage level for different level of heat radiations
Incident Radiation
Intensity (KW/m2) Type of Damage
62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood
25 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment
12.5 Minimum energy required to ignite wood at infinitely
long exposure (non piloted)
4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach
cover within 20 seconds; however blistering of skin
(1st degree burns) is likely.
1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure.
0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation
B. CRITICAL RADIATION ON HUMAN BODY
1. Unprotected skin continuous - 0.15 W/Sq.cm.

2. Blisters in skin at 30 sec - 0.5 W/Sq.cm.
3. Protected skin - 0.5 W/Sq.cm.
4. Special protection - 0.8 W/Sq.cm.

Hyderabad.
For continuous presence of persons, the following radiation intensity levels are usually
assumed.
4.5 KW/m2 - for Plant operators

2
1.6 KW/m - for Outside Population
These criteria are followed where peak load conditions may occur for a short time but
mostly without warning. If the operators are properly trained and clothed, they are
expected to run to shelter very quickly. For the secondary fires, a thermal incident
2
radiation of 12.5 KW/m is adopted as minimum criteria.
C. PHYSICAL EFFECT OF THRESHOLD THERMAL DOSES
The effects of heat radiation depend upon the intensity and duration of exposure.
Intensity and duration put together is the thermal dose. The consequences on human
body for different thermal doses are tabulated here:
Table 7.3: Shows Effects with respect to thermal doses

Dose Threshold kJ/ m2 Effects
375 3rd degree burns
250 2nd degree burns
125 1st degree burns
65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or
blistering of skin caused.
7.2.6 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis of certain failure cases are carried out with the objective to study
how many persons are involved in an accident and are likely to get killed or injured, or
how large is the area which is likely to be destroyed or rendered unusable so that a
true assessment of the safety of the plant can be made.
The total number of employees in the proposed Ferro Alloy plant by M/s Refulgent
Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) would be about 150. The plant will run in three shifts of 8
Hrs each and a general shift of 8 hrs. Thus, at any point of time, the maximum

Hyderabad.
strength of all cadres including contract workers of the plant in general shift would be
about 75.
The proposed project site is located near Sancham Village which is 1.9 km from the
boundary of the plant site.
Meteorological information plays a major role to identify the zone, which is likely to be
effected. Heat radiation intensities are dependent on the humidity conditions of that
particular area.
7.2.7 Fire Protection and Safety Measures for Fire and Explosion Hazards
For protection of the plant against fire, all buildings / equipment, storage yards and
plant would be protected by any one or a combination of the following systems:
 Hydrant System
 Medium velocity water spray system
 High velocity water spray system
 Low expansion foam system
 Mobile & portable fire extinguishing equipment
 Fire alarm & detection system
The system will be designed in accordance with the recommendations of National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) USA will be followed, as applicable. While designing the
fire protection system for this plant, its extreme ambient conditions will be taken into
account. Fire hydrants are located throughout the plant and provided with necessary
accessories and hose assemblies.
Automatic fire detection & alarm system comprising of smoke/ heat / fire sensors will
be provided as per NFPA 72 recommendation.
7.2.8 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN
As per the rules 10 to 13 under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the occupier of the
industry using hazardous chemicals in its manufacturing activity should develop an

Hyderabad.
Emergency Management Plan. This includes description of the emergencies likely to

arise out of the activity together with proposed measures to overcome the situation.
The purpose of the Emergency Preparedness Plan is to minimize the danger to life and
property in the event of a plant emergency. To achieve this goal, well-defined, clear-
cut steps are to be taken. For the purpose of this Plan, emergency procedures will be
implemented for fires and explosions, material spills or a natural disaster, which
requires immediate emergency action and/or evacuation of the Plant.
An onsite emergency in the industries involving hazardous processes or in hazardous

installations is one situation, which has potential to cause serious injury or loss of life.
It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption in the work area and
usually, the effects are confined to factory or in several departments of factory,
premises.
A quick and effective response during an emergency can have tremendous significance
on whether the situation is controlled with little loss or it turns into a major emergency.
Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary Onsite Emergency Plan (OSEP) is to provide
basic guidance to the personnel for effectively combating such situations to minimize
loss of life, damage to property and loss of property.
7.2.9 Structure of Emergency Management
The following is the general approach for handling any emergency.
The steps include:

 Noticing the accident
 Informing the Declarer
 Declaration of Emergency
 Interaction with the outside agencies
7.2.9.1 Noticing the Accidents
Emergencies are most probably noticed by the workers in the working zone though an
emergency is to be controlled by a senior person. Therefore, the first person who
comes to know that the emergency situation has risen would be the shift in-charge
working in the shift. This shift in-charge, on assessing the situation, will get in touch

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with the Declarer of emergency. Depending on the nature of the accident, the shift in-
charge may initiate the action for shutting down the plant. In case of a minor accident,
the shift in-charge can continue with operations.
The emergency has to be controlled from one particular spot. This spot should be
away from the likely points of accident and is easily accessible. The control room of
the Ferro Alloy plant is one such area where the management of emergency can be
handled. The following facilities will be provided in the Control Room:
1. Plant layout
2. Emergency telephone numbers
3. General telephone numbers
4. Emergency lighting
5. Daily number of people working in hazardous area
6. Population around the plant site
7. Hot lines to District Magistrate, Police control room, Fire brigade, hospitals,
antidotes and telephone numbers of pharmacy, etc.
8. Safety equipment
9. Personal protection equipment
10.Tools and tackles.
7.2.9.2 Informing declarer of Emergency
Shift in-charge will be responsible to inform the declarer of emergency through

phone/messenger/siren for immediate attention at work spot as well as his alternate
will be known to every one including the shift-in-charge. In case the main declarer of
emergency is not available, the alternate has to be got informed immediately.
7.2.9.3 Declaration of Emergency
The declarer of emergency at accident spot will assess the situation. If the finds that
the accident could result in an “On-site” or “Off-site” emergency situation, he will
immediately declare the emergency by a coded siren to inform the workers of the plant
that an emergency situation has arisen and they would have to shutdown the
operations of the plant and move towards safer areas which have been pre-decided.

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Incase the emergency is of onsite nature; the management of the emergency will be
entirely in the hands of ‘declarer’. On the other hand, if the situation is so serious that
its effects are likely to be felt outside the plant premises, it would be ‘offsite’
emergency situation and the declarer has to get in touch with the pre-decided authority
and he will come and take over the management of emergency situation. The
management of the emergency will be conducted from a control room or its alternate,
both of which will have to be pre-decided.
7.2.9.4 Functions of Declarer
The declarer will have to perform number of functions simultaneously. Firstly, the
declarer has to find out the nature of accident and has to get in touch with the Incident
controller. Incident controller will have two teams under him for each shift. Incident
controller will come to the accident spot along with the trained two teams. These two
teams under the supervision of Incident controller will start functioning. One team will
look for injured workers and help those who are not injured to be located and shifted to
a safer spot. This team will also have to bring out injured workers to a safer spot from
where arrangements have to be made for them to be taken to the hospital. The
second team will try to control the cause of emergency. These two teams will have all
the protective equipment available in the control room for such an emergency
situation.
7.2.9.5 Interaction with Outside Agencies
The controller of emergency (Incident controller) will also get in touch with other
industries and nearby population. The question of nearby population arises only if
emergency is an ‘Offsite’ one and the actual contact with the public will be done
through the police department. The declarer of Emergency will have detailed
information about the hospital, ambulances and antidotes, which will be made available
in the control room. The arrangement to carry the injured to the hospital also will have
to be decided before hand.
The declarer of emergency will inform the police personnel about the possible hazards
before hand so that they would be ready to undertake the work. Further, the declarer
of emergency will inform the fire Brigade if necessary and give all information to the
local authorities like Chief Inspector of Factories and police control room. He will also

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request police Department to make statement to the press and give information to the
public. This job will be performed by only one person who will be entrusted this work
and nobody else would be authorized to make any statement regarding the state of
emergency.
Finally when the emergency has been brought under control by the Incident controller,
the declarer of emergency will give an “all Clear signal”, the code of which will be
decided before hand. Thus the workers and the public would come to know that the
emergency situation has now come under control.
7.3 EVACUATION OF WORKERS AND SHUT DOWN OF OPERATIONS
7.3.1 Evacuation of Workers
When the Emergency is declared, all workers will have to leave their places of work and
reach the safe place. However, in the confusion and excitement, the workers may not
exactly know which path to follow. If it is nighttime, the paths themselves may not be
visible. Further, when the emergency is in the same section in which a particular
worker is working, there will be so much smoke or fumes that it may be difficult for
him to fine the path of exit and he will require some special guidance. Thus, it is very
necessary that there are guide paths for the workers to follow in case of emergency so
that they can reach the safe place/gate.
There may be some workers who have been hurt and are unable to come out. To help
them, team members will be made available to the incident controller who will send
this team with hailers to the plant area also with necessary safety equipment, which
will be kept ready for use in main control room. This team will pick up those workers
who are injured and make arrangements to bring them to safe place/gate.
At the gate, there will be arrangement for counting of the workmen reporting there. All
the workers who have arrived at the main gate will be counted against the number,
which had entered. The total number that has been put together consist not only the
workers but also visitors and contract labors. When the injured workers are brought to
the safe place/gate, they have to be shifted to the hospitals with or without the help of
police. For this, arrangements will be made for a number of vehicles, ambulances, etc.
If outside public in nearby villages is affected, their evacuation will be done by police.
However, such situation is a remote possibility in case of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) Ferro Alloy plant.

Hyderabad.
7.3.2 CONTROL OF EMERGENCY
A part from bringing the injured workers out and looking after their welfare, it will be
necessary that the emergency be controlled. This will be done under the direction of
the Incident controller.
7.3.3 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Emergency handling teams will consider maintaining on-site equipment to help mitigate
damage. The common practice is to have disaster ‘bins’ at strategic points around the
building containing paper towel, plastic sheeting, torches and similar supplies.
Readymade disaster bins and optional extras will be obtained. Contents of a disaster
recovery bin will include:
 Recovery bin CO2 fire Extinguishers

 Blotting paper bucket butchers paper
 Cotton gloves dust mask
 Freezer bags glove liners
 Hand towel knife
 Note pad/folder paperclips
 Paper towel pegs
 Pencil plastic canister
 Plastic bin liners plastic sheeting
 Post it notes power board
 Rubber gloves scissors
 Sponge tags/ties torch and batteries
 Waterproof marking pens
 Apron
7.3.4 TRAINING FACILITIES
All employees, including maintenance and contractor employees will be made aware of
the safety and health hazards, which can occur in the Ferro Alloy plant.

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The purpose of training is to establish and verify the organization’s ability to prevent
fires and to effectively respond to fire emergencies. M/s RANSL will provide training
through its training department. Training considerations include:
1. Actions to be taken in the event of a fire:

When to evacuate, how to extinguish a fire, whom to notify, what equipment to
shut down.
2. Portable fire extinguishers:
The correct extinguisher and its proper operation on a particular type of fire
(e.g., metals, electrical, chemical, wood, or paper). The training should be
“hands-on” to give employees experience in extinguishments techniques.
3. Familiarity with Plant:
A tour of the entire facility,with emphasis on the location of exits, fire
extinguishers, hazardous operations, and restricted areas.
4. Care and maintenance of equipment or machinery they will be
operating:
To reduce fire loss potential by helping to keep equipment from malfunctioning
or breaking down.
5. Alarms:
The meaning of various alarms and the actions to take when they are sounded.
6. Hot-Work Permits:
How to protect against fire hazards caused from welding/cutting/ brazing and
other hot work.
7. Flammable Liquids:
How to safely handle, use, and store Flammable liquids.
However, additional training in subjects such as operating procedures and safety work
practices, emergency evacuation and response, safety procedures, routine and non-
routine work authorization activities, and other areas pertinent to process safety and
health will also be covered.
Operators, who will work in a control room or at control panels, will be trained on Ferro
Alloy simulator. Upset conditions of various types could be displayed on the simulator,
such that the employee could go through the proper operating procedures to bring the
simulator back to the normal operating parameters.

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M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will periodically evaluate the training
programs to see if the necessary skills, knowledge, and routines are being properly
understood and implemented by their trained employees. The means or methods for
evaluating the training will be developed along with the training program goals and
objectives.
Training program evaluation will help M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) to
determine the amount of training their employees understand, and whether the desired
results will obtain. If, after the evaluation, it appears that the trained employees are
not at the level of knowledge and skill that was expected, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will revise the training program, provide retraining, or provide more
frequent refresher training sessions until the deficiency is resolved.
7.3.5 INTERACTION WITH OUTSIDE AGENCIES
7.3.5.1 Treatment of affected persons
Based on the maximum accidental analysis, it is observed that the accidents mainly will
be confined to plant boundary and will not call for off site emergency. However, as a
safety measure, it is assumed that the accident will call for offsite emergency. Incase
of offsite emergency, the effects will be felt not only within the Plant premises but
outside by general public around the factory premises. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd
(RANSL) will provide all first aid facilities and medicines to handle the affected.
Injured person will be shifted to hospital on urgent basis. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will utilize the ambulance services of the nearby hospitals and own
vehicles for transport of injured persons. M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will
register with the nearby hospitals to handle the injured cases.
7.3.5.2 Interaction with Police
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will inform the nearby police station about
the nature of possible hazards that can occur.
7.3.5.3 Interaction with Fire Brigade

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M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) along with its proposed own fire fighting
facility and the service of the nearest fire station will be utilized to bring the situation
under control.
7.3.5.4 Interaction with Public & Press
Based on the maximum accidental analysis, it is observed that the accidents mainly will
be confined to Plant boundary and will not call for offsite emergency.
However, as a safety measure, it is assumed that the accident will call for offsite
emergency. In the case of offsite emergency the Plant personnel will not interact
directly with the public. In such instances, information will be given by Police
Department only. Police Department will be informed about possible hazards. Incase of
a major accident, public and press will be informed about the status at different
intervals. Apart from this, it will also be necessary to inform the concerned people
about the status of the injured. Incase of deaths, the bodies of the dead will be handed
over to the relatives. These functions will be performed by the police with assistance of
the controller of emergency.
Authorized person of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will have contact with
general public, relatives of workers and representative of the press. M/s Refulgent
Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) will inform the statutory authorities like Chief Inspector of
Factories & Boilers and APPCB to draw their attention to the Declaration of Emergency.
This will be done with the help of telephone/telex/messenger.
The controller of Emergency will ensure that the neighboring factories are informed of
the emergency on an appropriate basis through phone or messenger.
7.3.5.5 All Clear Signal
The moment when the situation of emergency occurs, will be brought under control, by
bringing the attention of public, press etc. This will be done by siren.

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CHAPTER-8
PROJECT BENEFITS
CHAPTER -8 : PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Any industrial activity will help in improving the physical infrastructure like roads,
power, communication system, transportation etc.
The setting up of the proposed project would contribute to the above facilities in
the area.
8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The proposed project would enhance the socio-economic status in the area with
facilities like employment, communication, education, health care etc.
8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
Socio Economic Status in the study area is found to be moderate with respect to
livelihood, amenities etc.
The company will provide employment to about 150 skilled,semi-skilled & unskilled
workmen locally.
8.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC BENEFITS
As part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) towards economic development of

the region, the following rural activities are proposed to be takenup, to provide
socio economic benefits in the area.
 Rural Health Service

 Educational development programme
 Basic infrastructure & community facilities
 Women Welfare programme
 Youth Welfare activities
 Agricultural development & environmental protection.

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CHAPTER-9
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
CHAPTER -9 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The major objective and benefit of utilizing Environmental Impact Assessment in

project planning stage itself, is to prevent avoidable losses of environmental
resources and values as a result of Project operation.
Environmental Management includes protection/mitigation/ enhancement

measures as well as suggesting post project monitoring programme. Environmental
Management may suggest revision of project site or operation to avoid adverse
impacts or more often additional project operations may have to be incorporated in
the conventional operations.
The industrial development in the study area needs to be intertwined with judicious
utilization of non-renewable resources of the study area and within the limits of
permissible assimilative capacity. The assimilative capacity of the study area is the
maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment
without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion, and
removal due to physical, chemical and biological processes. The Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the
study area of the proposed plant site, hence it needs to be an all encompassing
plan, for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulating agencies like
Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected
population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution.
It has been evaluated that the study area would not be affected adversely with the
proposed project coming up in the Sancham village and the area would get a new
economic fillip. The affected environmental attributes in the region are air quality,
water quality, soil, land use, ecological and public health.
The management of M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) is committed to eco-
friendly power generation.
Environmental Management Plan given below details the measures, which are to be
implemented in the proposed project.

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9.1 EMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
M/s RANSL will provide extended infrastructure facilities at the plant to the
construction labour during the installation of the machinery. The following factors
would be given consideration to maintain good environmental quality during
construction phase.
9.1.1 Air Environment
Setting up of the machinery will result in the increase of PM2.5, PM10 concentrations
due to fugitive dust. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction
sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion of plant
construction, as there is scope for truck movement. It will be ensured that both
gasoline and diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to comply with
exhaust emission requirements. All the internal roads would be concreted to reduce
fugitive dust emissions.
Noise levels generated during construction activity sometimes may be slightly high.
Onsite workers working in noise prone areas would be provided with earmuffs &
plugs.
During the construction phase, provision for infrastructural services including water
supply, sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made available to the
construction labour. The construction labour would be provided with sanitation
facilities to maintain proper standards of hygiene.
The site for the proposed project is located in the dry agricultural land and will be
converted to industrial purpose. Therefore there will not be any further land
degradation.

Hyderabad.
9.1.5 Socio – Economic Environment
Any construction/project activity will benefit the local population in a number of

ways. Management of proposed project will give preference to local people with the
right qualifications and experience through both direct and indirect employment in
the plant.
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – OPERATIONAL PHASE
All the environmental management measures for the proposed project have been
suggested to control pollution and maintain standard limits specified by State
Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board.
9.2.1 Air Environment
M/s RANSL proposes to install the state – of – art bag houses for the proposed 4 x
9 MVA Submerged Electrical Arc Furnace. The details of the same are given in
Table 9.1.
In a Jet Pulse Dust collector the dirty gases enter through inlet manifold to the
hoppers where separation of coarse dust particles takes place. The remainder will
pass with the gases to the filtering space. Bags are secured in the tube sheet
through flange and suspended from top. Wire cages are provided to prevent the
bags from collapsing. Filtration takes places from outside to inside of bags. Dust
particles are deposited on the outside surfaces of the bags while the clean gases
pass through the outlet manifold and finally to the atmosphere through ID fan.
TABLE 9.1: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PROPOSED BAG FILTER

Make Global
Type of dust collecting system ON-LINE Pulse jet type
Inlet dust load 20 Gms. Sqm
Outlet emission <50 mg/Nm3
Capacity of Bag filter 47500 m3/hr
Pressure drop across the system 140MMWG. (Max)
Filtering media Polyester needle felt with ANTI ADHESIVE
treatment
Air to cloth ratio m3/min-m2 1.26 m 3/ min-m2

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Filtering area per bag 1.884 m2

Total filtering area 712.152 sq.m
Filter bag length 4000 mm
Filter bag Diameter Ø 150 mm
Total no. of filter bags 378
Total no. of solenoid Valves 42
Make & Type of Valves Aveon 40NB Diaphram Solenoid Valve
Compressed air requirement (m3 /hr at 5 60
Kg/cm2)
9.2.2 Fugitive Dust Control
Fugitive dust is generated during raw material handling (unloading, conveying,

transporting, stacking etc), vehicular movement, bagging and packing. Asphalting
or concreting of the work area of the plant has been done to control the fugitive
dust emissions. Unloading of trucks with material is carried out with great care by
avoiding dropping of material from height, wetting the material by sprinkling water
while unloading.
For control of fugitive dust, water spray arrangement is provided to spray water all
round the stockpiles and other raw material areas to suppress the dust.
In addition to the above control measures, following steps will also be practiced to
prevent air pollution due to air borne dust:
 Dense greenbelt has to be developed around the dust generation points

 Trees should be planted on both sides of the roads used for transportation in
order to arrest dust
 Afforestation around the industry will be act as barrier
 All the roads should be paved
 Proper maintenance of air pollution control equipment
 Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery should be carried out in
order to control emissions
 Dust masks should be provided to workers working in dusty atmosphere
 Good house keeping and proper maintenance should be practiced in the
industry, which is helping in controlling fugitive dust.

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 Regular monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx levels in stack emissions and
in ambient air quality.
During proposed project, the major noise-generating source will be machinery and
equipment. The proposed equipment of the proposed plant would be designed for
noise levels not exceeding 75 dB (A) at plant boundary.
In general the following methods will be adopted to control the noise pollution.
 The use of concrete and masonry walls and barriers – keeping in view the
benefits of stiffness weight and cavity construction ad the need to provide
well sealed sound attenuating doors and windows.
 The use of complete or partial enclosures.
 Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended
ceilings.
 Introduction of control and monitoring rooms having good sound insulation
properties.
 The reduction or elimination of noise leakage paths.
 The use of vibration insulation techniques.
 The use of mufflers, sound attenuation and acoustic louvers in air flow
paths, taking particular care to direct inlet and discharge an opening away
from critical areas wherever possible, so as to take advantage of direct
effects.
 Proper plantation of trees depending on the wind velocity can reduce noise
pollution on the surrounding area.
 Providing earmuffs and earplugs to the plant personnel.
In addition to the above, the following control measures should be adopted to keep
the ambient noise levels well below the limits
 A thick greenbelt is provided around the periphery of the plant area.

 Trees are planted on both sides of roads used for transport of men and
material.

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 Proper maintenance is being done of noise generating machinery including

the transport vehicles; and
 Silencers are provided to modulate the noise generated by machines.
 Provision of protective devices like ear muffs/ear plugs;
 Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels.
The water requirement for the proposed plant is 160 KLD. Manufacturing of Ferro
Alloys does not require the water at any stage. Water only will be required for
cooling and domestic purpose. The cooling water will be continuously recirculated
in the cooling circuit and domestic effluent will be sent to septic tank fallowed by
soak pit.
 Avoid leakages and spillages from the storage pits, tanks and pumps etc.,
The project proponents have acquired an area of 11.42 acres located at Sancham
(Village), Ranastalam (Mandal),Srikakulam (District), Andhra Pradesh. There is no
generation and discharge of effluents from this proposed plant. Hence there will
not be any adverse impact on the land environment.
9.2.6 SOLID WASTE GENERATION
The main solid waste generated from the proposed Ferrao alloy plant are Slag and
Dust. 362.45 TPD of slag (228.95 TPD of Ferro Manganese slag, 125.24 TPD of
Silico Manganese slag and 8.26 TPD of Ferro Silica slag) will be generated from the
proposed plant. As the Ferro Manganese slag will be reused in Silico Manganese
manufacturing process, only Silico Manganese Slag and Ferro Silica slag of
133.50TPD will be considered as solid waste. This slag will be sent to brick and
cement manufacturing units & also used in filling Low Lying areas, Construction
activities.
Bag filter Dust of 37.13 TPD will be disposed to brick manufacturing units, and
cement manufacturing units, where this dust will be used as a substitute for
cement.

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Apart from these there is no storage/ generation of hazardous waste in this

proposed plant.
 Landscaping can be done around the administrative building, tanks etc. This
will help in preserving the ecological conditions.
9.3 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGY
There is no ecologically sensitive area within 10 km radius of the proposed plant.

No significant vegetation occurs in and around the project site. No significant fauna
exists in the area. Hence there will not be any adverse impact flora & fauna due to
the proposed project.
Plantation programme should be undertaken at several areas. They should include

plantation in the proposed plant premises, along the internal and external roads
and along the administrative buildings and the stacking yards.
People should be educated and trained in social forestry activities by local

governmental and non-governmental organizations.
9.3.1 Plantation for Aesthetics
Plantation in industrial areas should be done along the narrow and broad internal
road. This will not only improve the flora in the region but also will add to the
aesthetic of the region.
9.3.2 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
The management of the proposed project will take up massive greenbelt

development plan during the construction phase.
Out of the total area of 11.42 acres, about 3.88 acres (about 33% of the area) is
allocated for greenbelt. Remaining land will be utilized for construction and other
utilities. There is going to be disturbance due to human activity during different
stages. Tall and less branched trees such as Dendrocalamus strictus, Casuarina
equisetifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Eucalyptus spp., Polyalthia pendula, Gmelina

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arborea will occupy the periphery along the boundary while the short and profusely
branched trees such as Pongamia pinnata, Phyllanthus emblica, Artocarpus
integrifolia, Michelia champaka etc will occupy the inner row of the shelter belt.
This will be followed by slightly taller plants such as Tamarindus indica, Tectona
grandis, Mangifera indica, Albiziz lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica etc
are chosen for the middle rows. This kind of shelterbelt will be highly effective in
containing and confining the emissions from the industry. It also minimizes the
impact of cyclones on the Plant and machinery. The following multipurpose trees
are proposed to be planted in the shelterbelt.
TABLE 9.3: LIST OF PLANTS IDENTIFIED FOR ROADSIDE PLANTATIONS AND

SHELTER BELT
Botanical name Local name Importance
Acacia auriculiformis Auriculata Avenue tree
Ailanthus excelsa Pedda maanu Tree borne oil
Albizia lebbeck Dirisana Shade, timber and scented flowers
Azadirachta indica Vepa or Neem Neem oil & neem products
Bixa orellana Jabaru kaya Grown for food colouring dye
Cassia fistula Rela Ornamental and bark is a
source of tannin
Dendrocalamus strictus Bamboo Bamboo products
Casuarina equisetifolia Sarvi Pulp and construction material
Delonix regia Chitikesara Ornamental avenue tree
Eucalyptus spp. Eucalyptus Pulp and construction material
Ficus benghalensis Marri Shade and a source of food for birds
Ficus racemosa Medi Edible fruits
Ficus religiosa Raavi Shade and a source of food for birds
Gmelina arborea Gummadi teku Timber
Grewilia robusta Silver oak Avenue tree
Holoptelia integrifolia Nemali naara Fibre and timber
Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Fodder and pulp wood
Mangifera indica Mango Edible fruit
Michelia champaca Chettu sampange Scented flowers
Mimosops elengi Pogada Shade and edible fruit
Pongamia pinnata Gaanuga Source of biodiesel
Polyalthia pendula Ashoka Majestic tree with drooping branches
Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka Avenue tree
Samania saman Nidrabhangi Shade, timber and fruits are a good live
stock feed.
Sapindus emarginatus Kunkudu Soap nut tree
Spathodea companulata Flame of the forest Ornamental avenue tree
Syzygium cumini Neredu Edible fruits
Tamarindus indica Chinta Tamarind fruit and leaf
Tectona grandis Teak Timber
Terminalia arjuna Nallamaddi Timber and shade tree
Terminalia catappa Baadam Edible nuts

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Planting stocks are readily available from the social Forest Department as well as
from the local private nurseries. All plants are locally adapted and the present site
can support their growth with suitable horticultural practices. Sufficient space,
resources and manpower for development and maintenance are provided in the
plan.
9.3.3 Action Plan for Development of Green Belt
Local DFO will be consulted in developing the greenbelt.
 A greenbelt of 3.88 acres will be developed in the plant premises. A 15 m

wide greenbelt will be developed around the plant.
 The tree species to be selected for the plantation are pollutant tolerent, fast
growing, wind firm, deep rooted. A three tire plantation is proposed
comprising of an outer most belt of taller trees, which will act as barrier,
middle core acting as air cleaner and the innermost core which may be
termed as absorptive layer consisting of trees which are known to be
particularly tolerant to pollutants.
 Greenbelt will be developed simultaneously with the construction of the plant
as per CPCB guidelines.
 600 plants will be planted per Acre as per CPCB norms.
(i) Plantation for Arresting Dust
Trees particularly having compact branching closely arranged leaves of simple

elliptical and hairy structure, shiny or waxy leaves and twigs are efficient filters of
dust. The following species are suggested to arrest the dust.
 Alstonia Scholaris,
 Bauhinia Purpurea
 Cassia siamea,
 Peltoferrum ferrugineum
 Butea monosperma
 Tamarindus indica
 Azadirachta indica

Hyderabad.
(ii) Plantation for absorb SO2 emissions
The following plants are suggested for plantation to absorb SO2 in the air.
 Albizia lebbeck
 Alstonia scholaris
 Lagerstroemia flosregineae
 Melia azedarach
 Minusops elangi
 Poloyalthia longifloia
(iii) Plantation to reduce Noise pollution
Trees having thick and flushy leaves with petioles are suitable. Heavier branches
and trunks of trees also deflect the sound waves. The following plant species are
suggested to reduce noise pollution.
 Melia monosperma
 Grevillea peridifolia
 Tamarindus indica
 Greavillea robusta
(iv) Plantation along the roads (Avenue plantation)

 Cassia fistula
 Bauhinia purpurea
 Mimusops elangi
 Pongamia pinnata
 Polyalthia longifolia
 Lagerstroemia flosreginea
 Cassia siamea

Hyderabad.
The impact of the proposed project is positive on the socio-economic environment

of the region.
9.5 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Under Occupational Safety and Health Management, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel
Ltd (RANSL) will take all the necessary steps to provide better working
environment. Regular health checkup will be done for all employees and contract
workers.
9.6 POST PROJECT MONITORING
Pollution monitoring program includes periodic analysis of air, ground water, soil
and wastewater samples. Ground water and soil samples at representative
locations within and nearby the project site shall be periodically analyzed to detect
contamination if any. In the event of any contamination, concerned authorities
shall be notified immediately and appropriate corrective action in consultation with
an approve consultant shall be initiated.
9.6.1 Monitoring Strategy
The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary and is a part and

parcel of the environmental protection measures. Monitoring is as important as
that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be
determined by monitoring. A well-defined environmental monitoring program
would be employed with trained and qualified staff to monitor the ambient air as
well as stack gas quality to check whether the quality of effluents is maintained
within the permissible limits.
A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested underneath. Environmental

attributes should be monitored as given below:
 Air pollution and meteorological aspects.

 Water and waste water quality.

Hyderabad.
 Noise levels.
 Soil characteristics.
 Ecological preservation and upgradation.
Locations and frequency of monitoring should be as per the guidelines of

CPCB/APPCB and MoEF.
9.6.2 Stack Monitoring
The exit gas temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations from the stack will
be measured regularly any unacceptable deviation from the design values will be
examined and appropriate action will be taken.
9.6.3 Ambient Air Monitoring
As per MoEF there is a need to identify 3 ambient air stations at 120o angle
keeping the main source in the center. The ground level concentrations of
suspended particulate, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the ambient air
outside the project boundaries and in the adjoining villages will be monitored at
regular intervals. Any deviation from predicted/expected values will be
investigated and necessary action will be taken.
9.6.4 Noise Monitoring
Noise levels in the workspace environment will be monitored periodically. If any

deviation is observed necessary corrective measures will be taken.
Monitoring noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of maintenance of

schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and noise protection measures. A
good quality sound pressure level meter is essential for this purpose. This work
can be handled by plant authorities themselves or by hiring services. Noise
surveillance is for the benefit of the workers well being and to keep track of
machine wear.

Hyderabad.
9.6.5 Micro Meteorological Observations
The plant will have a permanent a weather station installed within the premises.
Meteorological parameters like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, wind
speed, wind direction and rainfall will be recorded daily.
9.6.6 Monitoring of Outlet Cooling Water
The cooling water exit temperature will not exceed 5oC over the inlet temperature.
The exit temperature will be monitored and recorded daily. Any abnormal increase
will be investigated and the necessary measures will be taken. These measures
may include operational and design modifications. The temperature of water body
around the cooling water discharge point will be monitored once a month.
9.6.7 Monitoring of Effluents Streams
The quality of the effluents from the plant would be periodically analyzed on a
weekly basis, if any. The effluent from the plant will be monitored for BOD, TSS &
pH. These data will be documented and compared against the design
specifications. Necessary corrective action will be promptly taken.
9.6.8 Monitoring of Water Quality
Ground water near the project site will be routinely tested for its quality. No
contamination of ground water and surface water is expected. However these
waters will be periodically tested for any change of water quality.
The effluents coming out of the process should be monitored regularly. Ground
water is recommended to be monitored in at least two villages in the direction of
ground water flow to keep surveillance on the ground water quality.
9.7 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
It is proposed to have a full-fledged environmental cell to supervise and implement

the environment related issues. This should be supported by a fully equipped

Hyderabad.
laboratory and required personnel to carry out the analysis. The proposed cell
should have following manpower on regular basis.
Senior Manager
He should be a qualified engineer with adequate experience. He will be responsible
for implementing and monitoring the environmental impacts. He should be a
liaison officer between the proposed plant and with regulatory agencies like APPCB,
CPCB etc.
Manager (Environment & Safety)

He should be qualified in industrial safety. He will be responsible for all the safety
aspects and risk, and for the implementation of disaster management.
Chemist
He should be a qualified chemist to carry out the analysis of various samples. Any
chemist from other laboratory from the plant can also be utilized for the analysis
purpose.
All the above-mentioned personnel should be reportable to the General Manager of

the plant.
9.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
In order to implement an effective environmental management plan in the Ferro

Alloy plant, M/s RANSL will have a constituted and full-fledged environmental cell
headed by Senior Environmental Engineer.
The Environmental Management Cell of the proposed plant will start with two
officers to look after the pollution control activities and they directly report to the
works manager. The environmental management group will have sufficient no. of
personnel. In plant, Personal computers and programmable logic controllers should
control the process.
The General Manager heads the Environment Cell in M/s RANSL. They should hold
meetings periodically to assess the condition of environment and to take any action
arising out of any deviation. The Environmental Monitoring should be done once in

Hyderabad.
a month throughout side laboratory and the data so generated will be recorded and
kept as a tool for review purposes.
FIGURE 9.3: FLOW CHART OF ORGANISATION SETUP -ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
General Manager
Manager
Environmental Environmental Field

Engineer Supervisor
Chemist
9.9 CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

(CREP)
Control of Fugitive Emissions from Furnace Floors

M/s RANSL will be taken up control of Fugitive Dust as part of implementation of
effective Environmental Management System (EMS) and will achieve the
substantial reduction of Fugitive Emissions.
Solid Waste Management

Solid waste generated from the proposed project will be used in filling Low lying
areas & construction activities and also send to brick & cement manufacturing
units.
Hazardous Waste Management

M/s RANSL will be complied with Hazardous Waste (M&H) Rules as amended in
2008.

Hyderabad.
Water Conservation /Water Pollution

M/s RANSL will be committed to “Zero Discharge of Effluents”.
Stack Monitoring and Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

M/s RANSL will regularly monitor the stack emissions quality and ambient air
quality parameters as per APPCB norms.
Adoption of Eco-friendly technologies / measures

M/s RANSL will construct the suitable Rain Water Harvesting Pits in their proposed
plant area after commencement of production.
Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting structures will be constructed to harvest the run-off water
from water roof tops by laying a separate storm water drainage system for
recharging of ground water.
3 nos of rainwater harvesting structures each of size 10m × 5m will be provided in

the plant to recharge the precious ground water. Rainwater harvesting will be
taken-up in consultation with State Ground Water Board.
FIGURE 9.4: RAIN WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE
Resources Conservation
M/s RANSL will install all departmental objectives and targets for conservation of
resources like raw materials, energy and water consumption etc. as a part of
implementation of effective environmental management system.

Hyderabad.
Others
M/s RANSL will be committed to implementing the measures to achieve the Good
House Keeping, Preventive Maintenance, and Conservation of Resources.
9.3 BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN
S No Component Amount in Rs
Lakhs
1 Dust Suppression 20.0
2 Air Pollution control equipment 300.0
3 Stack 150.0
4 Greenbelt Development 40.0
5 Establishment of Environment cell and 50.0
Environmental Monitoring.
6 Occupational health 40.0
Total 600
Recurring cost per annum 70

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-10
SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER – 10 : SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
10.1 SUMMARY
The summary of probable source, anticipated adverse environmental impacts

due to the proposed project and mitigation measures are tabulated in Table
10.1.
Table 10.1: Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Environmental
Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures
Components
1. Air Quality During Construction Period, Sprinkling of water in the construction

increase in dust and NOx area and unpaved roads.
concentration; Leveling activity Proper maintenance of vehicles will be
and Heavy vehicular movement done.
will be expected The main approach road will be tarred.
During operational Period; High efficiency bag filters, dust
Increase in SPM, SO2 and NOx extraction system will be installed to
levels in ambient air. control particulates.
Stack emissions and raw Adequate stack height of 30 mts will be
material storage yards. provided as per CPCB guidelines for the
proper dispersion of pollutants.
Motorable roads in the plant to be paved
to reduce the dust emission.
Plantation programs will be undertaken
in and around the plant area.
Dust suppression measures will be
implemented raw material handling area.
2.Water Quality During Construction Period; During monsoon season run off from
Loose soil at construction site construction site will be routed to a
Increase in suspended solids temporary sedimentation tank for
due to soil run-off during heavy settlement of suspended solids.
precipitation
Deterioration of surface water Scientific method of disposal of
quality wastewater will be provided so that the
Discharge from various plant treated effluents conform to the
units. regulatory standards.
The plant effluent after treatment will be
reused for the process, dust suppression
and greenbelt development
3. Noise Increase in noise level Equipment will be kept in good condition

Hyderabad.
Environmental
Components
Construction equipment to keep the noise level within 90 dB(A).

Workers will be provided with necessary
protective equipment e.g. ear plug,
earmuffs.
Equipment will be designed to conform
Increase in noise levels in the to noise levels prescribed by regulatory
plant area. agencies. Provision of green belt and
Equipment in main plant and plantation would further help in
auxiliaries. attenuating noise.
Employees working in high noise areas
would be provided earplugs/ earmuffs as
protective device.
4. Ecology Clearing of Vegetation Landscaping and extensive plantation
Soil enabling activities will be done.
Plantation will be done in consultation
with the expert.
a. Terrestrial Impact on plant species Emission will be controlled as well as
Emissions from stack dispersed through appropriate design.
As ambient air quality will be within
limits, no active injury to the vegetation
is expected.
b. Aquatic Impact on aquatic life of the The water available from cooling water
sea blow down will be reused in process for
Treated wastewater from plant coal handling unit for dust suppression
and partly for green belt development.
Wastewater generated from domestic
activity will be treated in septic tanks
followed by soak pits and later use for
green belt development.
As the effluents will be treated to
conform to prescribed limits, no
significant impact on aquatic life is
expected.
5.Solid waste Bag filter dust, slag, sludge, The dust generated from bag filters, cast
scale, granulated slag etc. house, stock house flue dust will be
recycled in the plant.
The scrap generated will be recycled in
the plant.
The slag generated will be used in land
fill at low lying areas.
Efforts will be made to utilize the solid

Hyderabad.
Environmental
Components
waste to the extent possible.

6. Demography and Strain on existing amenities No Resettlement & Rehabilitation
Socio-economics like housing, water sources and involved in the project. Hence, no
sanitation, medical and significant impact is envisaged.
infrastructure facilities. Additional facilities will be developed by
Influx of people of proposed the project proponents.
plant employees as well as Employment generatio of 150 is
contractor's employees/ envisaged. Locals will gien priority.
laborers. Overall socio-economic status of the
area is expected to improve.
10.2 CONCLUSION
The Environmental Impact Assessment study reveals that, M/s Refulgent Alloys N
Steel Ltd (RANSL)
 Will successfully implement a well – designed Environmental Management

Plan and it will comply with Environmental Guidelines issued by
APPCB/CPCB/MoEF.
 The Management will always strive to remain in the limelight for its best
performance in different fields like good housekeeping and conservation
Energy & Environment.
 The management will be fully conscious of maintaining industrial hygiene
for its work force in order to ensure their good health. It will also aware of
the occupational hazards and the safety issues involved. Adequate steps
have been planned to take care of the same.
With the same commitment and dedication, M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd
(RANSL) will commission the proposed plant with the modern equipment.
M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steel Ltd (RANSL) proposes to maintain the ISO quality
towards protection of environment in implementing the proposed project. Hence
the project may be accorded Environmental Clearance.

Hyderabad.
CHAPTER-11
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANTS
CHAPTER – 11 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
SRI SAI MANASA NATURE TECH PVT. LTD
Our team consists of specialists in environmental consulting, regulatory

compliance and review, site investigation, emergency response,
environmental laboratory, site assessment, and data usability-related
experience. These individuals have worked together on similar projects, and
the leaders have been commended by their clients for accomplishment on
other successful projects. For the said project, the Laboratory support was
from VISION LABS, Hyderabad.
The list of the project team has been summarized below:
S No. Name Expertise Project Role

1 Ch. Babu Reddy Environmental Corporate Advisor Environment, Technical
Legislation, guidance and review
Monitoring, and
Management
2 Dr. Ch. Rajani Specialized in Project Associate: Execution of baseline
REIA-EMP monitoring Baseline data evaluation
3 T. Sri Latha Specialized in Project Manager:
REIA-EMP, Filing of Form I; Baseline data evaluation,
Baseline data Air and Noise modeling, Environmental
validation, Management Plan,
Modeling studies Risk Assessment, Disaster Management,
for Air, and Socioeconomic Studies. Emergency
Meteorology, Preparedness Plan, Environmental
Noise and Risk Management Plan and Delivery of
Assessment presentations. Report review.
4 Mr. G.V. Raghava Air Pollution and Chief Advisor, Technical guidance and
Rao Water studies. review in waste management, Air pollution
control.
5 Mr. E. R. Chari Geology and Empanelled Expert, Development of
Soil. Mining Plan.
6 Dr Y.Ram Mohan RS & GIS Expert Classification of NRSA imagery & thematic
mapping. Interpretation of LISS & PAN
Maps. Conversion of Maps into AutoCAD,
Thematic Mapping. Overall Digitization of

Hyderabad.
S No. Name Expertise Project Role

Core area & study area map. GIS
Geohydrological Mapping
7 Mr. I.D. Prasad Socio economics Empanelled Expert, Socioeconomic studies
and preparing project reports.
8 K. Swathi EIA- EMP studies Project Associate: Baseline Review,
Execution of baseline monitoring,
Socioeconomic data
9 P.Praveen Kumar EIA- EMP studies Project Associate: Baseline data validation
, Execution of baseline monitoring, Air
Modeling , Socioeconomic data
10 G. Anileswar RS & GIS, EIA Project Associate: Execution of baseline
Kumar Studies monitoring, Baseline status chapter and
Remote sensing and GIS study for the
project.
Ch. Babu Reddy -- Mr. Reddy is the Managing Director of SSMNTPL. He is

responsible for ensuring the successful performance of all team members. Mr.
Reddy has more than 14 years of experience in conducting environmental, health
and safety (EHS) audits; monitoring and coordinating various primary and
secondary surveys of air, water, noise, soil and ecology and socioeconomic
aspects. He has worked extensively in preparing technical documents for
submission to Ministry of Environment and Forests, state government agencies,
and other private sector clients. Mr. Reddy has successfully conducted many
public hearings, rapid and comprehensive environmental impact assessment
studies and environmental status reports, covering baseline data generation. He is
also experienced in carrying works related to Common Effluent Treatment Plants,
Sewage Treatment Plants and other allied works. Assessment, identification of
impacts on environmental components with metric methods and computation
environmental impact index; environmental management plan, risk analysis and
disaster management plan.
Dr. Ch Rajini -- Dr. Rajini was involved in technical support of this project. Dr.
Rajini has 7 years of experience in Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA reports
and Compliances services. She is responsible for the baseline data evaluation. Dr.
Rajini also has sound understanding environment policy and regulatory system in
Andhra Pradesh and India.

Hyderabad.
T. Sri Latha – Ms. Sri Latha was involved in technical support of this project. She
has 9 years of experience in Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental
Social Screening, Environmental Due Diligence, Environmental Monitoring, EIA
reports, Compliances services for Industrial Environmental Management projects.
She also has sound understanding of Air Modeling (ISCST3), Noise Modeling
(DHAWANI), Meteorological Modeling (Lakes Environment), identification of
impacts on environmental components, environmental management plan, risk
analysis and disaster management plan, environment policy and regulatory system
in India.
Mr.G.V. Raghava Rao — He has over 40 years of experience. He worked as the

first director of EPTC and as Superintendent engineer in APPCB. He also worked as
chief engineer, Public Health & Municipal Engg. Dept, Govt of A.P and as
Managing Director of waste water management. He has expertise in solid waste
management & waste water management and Air Pollution control. He is an
empanelled expert with our organization.
Dr. Ram Mohan — Mr. Ram is responsible for the Remote Sensing study for the
project. He has over 3 years of experience in Remote Sensing and GIS studies with
similar magnitude and scope of work. He is an empanelled expert with our
organization.
Mr. E. R. Chari — Over 25 years of experience. He has expertise in developing

mining plans and Indian mineral data collection. He has good experience and
understanding of Geology and Soil sciences. He is an empanelled expert with our
organization.
Mr. I.D. Prasad — 40 years Experience.He worked as chief consultant with

JKITCO & APITCO for several years. He has expertise in socioeconomic studies and
preparing project reports. He organized number of Socioeconomic Studies,
Evaluation Studies & Cluster Development Studies and also monitored skill
development training & micro enterprise development programs. He is an
empanelled expert with our organization.

Hyderabad.
K.Swathi — Ms. Swathi is responsible for the execution of baseline monitoring and
socioeconomic study for the project. She has over 1 years of experience on EIA
preparation with similar magnitude and scope of work.
N. Vasantha — Ms. Vasantha is responsible for the execution of socioeconomic

study for the project and map digitization. She has experience on EIA preparation
with similar magnitude and scope of work.
P.Praveen Kumar — Mr.P.Praveen Kumar was involved in EIA report preparation,

baseline data validation and windrose plot preparation.
G.Anileswar Kumar — Mr. G. Anileswar Kumar was involved in Environmental

Impact Assessment preparation and baseline monitoring, Remote sensing and GIS
study for the project.
*****************

Hyderabad.
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE- A
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS REPORT
Location Distance(KM) Direction Predominant
Code w.r.t Project w.r.t
Project Wind
directions
A1 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE DW
Sancham (Plant
A2 Site) 1.5 ENE DW
A3 Varisam 4 SE UW/DW
A4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE CW
A5 Kanimella 2.3 SW UW
A6 Malyada 3.2 WSW DW
A7 Boddapeta 1.2 W DW
A8 Velluru 1.2 NW UP/DW
Refulgent Alloys & Steels Limited
Location : Giriviaripallem (A1)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO
µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3
Date I II III
Feb-11
31.01.2011 26.5 13.9 4.2 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.02.2011 27.6 14 4.3 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.02.2011 26.4 13.8 4.4 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.02.2011 27.8 13.9 4.5 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.02.2011 28.9 14 4.6 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.02.2011 28.5 14.2 4.2 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.02.2011 29.7 14.5 4.3 9.7 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.02.2011 30.5 13.9 4 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.02.2011 30.8 15.6 4.1 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.03.2011 31.6 16.1 4.2 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
07.03.2011 32.8 16.2 4.6 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.03.2011 31.4 16.4 4.3 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.03.2011 32.6 16.9 4.2 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.03.2011 31.4 15.2 4.4 11 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.03.2011 32.5 16.9 4.5 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.03.2011 33.6 14.5 4.2 10.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.03.2011 33.2 16.9 4.4 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
29.03.2011 32.4 15.8 4.1 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
04.04.2011 31.6 16 4.2 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
05.04.2011 33.8 16.3 4.6 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
11.04.2011 32.5 16.6 4 9.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
12.04.2011 34.4 16.9 4.1 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
18.04.2011 33.6 17 4.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
19.04.2011 35.5 17.3 4.3 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25.04.2011 34.4 17.5 4.4 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
26.04.2011 34.2 17.8 4 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 31.5 15.7 4.3 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 35.5 17.8 4.6 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 26.4 13.8 4.0 9.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 35.0 17.7 4.6 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Sancham (Plant Site) (A2)
Date I II III
Feb-11
31.01.2011 22.6 12.6 4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.02.2011 24.2 12.9 4.1 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.02.2011 23.6 13 4.2 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.02.2011 24.8 12.8 4.3 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.02.2011 25.5 12.9 4.2 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.02.2011 26.9 13 4.4 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.02.2011 25.5 13.1 4 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.02.2011 26.6 13.2 4.1 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.02.2011 25.2 13.6 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.03.2011 26.6 13.1 4.3 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
07.03.2011 28.5 13.9 4.2 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.03.2011 29.4 14.1 4.3 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.03.2011 29.6 14.2 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.03.2011 30.4 14.5 4 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.03.2011 31.2 15 4.1 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.03.2011 32.4 14.8 4.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.03.2011 31.6 15 4.1 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
29.03.2011 32.8 15.2 4.2 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
04.04.2011 31.5 15.6 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
05.04.2011 32.6 14.8 4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
11.04.2011 30.2 15.3 4.3 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
12.04.2011 31.4 16.2 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
18.04.2011 33.8 16.6 4 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
19.04.2011 32.5 16.8 4.1 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25.04.2011 31.6 15.9 4.2 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
26.04.2011 34.2 16.8 4.1 10.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 29.0 14.4 4.2 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 34.2 16.8 4.4 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 22.6 12.6 4.0 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 34.0 16.8 4.4 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Varisam (A3)
Date I II III
Feb-11
02.02.2011 20.6 10.1 4 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.02.2011 20.9 11.3 4.1 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.02.2011 21.4 12 4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.02.2011 21.9 12.3 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.02.2011 20.3 11.6 4.1 10.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.02.2011 21.8 11.9 4.2 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.02.2011 22.6 12.3 4.1 10.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.02.2011 20.6 11.5 4.5 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
02.03.2011 21.9 11.9 4.1 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.03.2011 22.4 12 4.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.03.2011 22.9 12.2 4.4 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.03.2011 23.3 13 4.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.03.2011 23.8 12.8 4.1 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.03.2011 24.3 13.5 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.03.2011 24.5 12.8 4.1 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.03.2011 24.9 13.5 4.4 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
30.03.2011 25.3 13.6 4.2 10.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
31.03.2011 25 13.9 4.4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
06.04.2011 25.6 14.5 4.2 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.04.2011 25.9 15.6 4.4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
13.04.2011 26.3 15.9 4.2 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.04.2011 27 16.2 4.1 11 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
20.04.2011 26.9 16 4.2 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.04.2011 27.8 15.8 4.1 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
27.04.2011 26 16.2 4.6 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.04.2011 27.3 16.5 4.1 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 23.9 13.4 4.2 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 27.8 16.5 4.6 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 20.3 10.1 4.0 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 27.6 16.4 4.6 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Pidibheemavaram (A4)
Date I II III
Feb-11
31.01.2011 33.5 20.2 5.9 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.02.2011 33.4 22.3 5.8 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.02.2011 33 22.8 5.2 11.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.02.2011 33.1 23.5 5.5 11.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.02.2011 34.1 23.4 5.6 11.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.02.2011 33.2 20.5 6.0 12.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.02.2011 32.9 20.6 6.3 12.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.02.2011 34.5 20.8 6.5 11.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.02.2011 34.2 20.5 5.2 11.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.03.2011 34.6 20.6 6.1 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
07.03.2011 34.2 14.4 6.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.03.2011 33.2 15.2 7.1 11.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.03.2011 34.1 15.6 7.5 10.7 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.03.2011 34.2 15.8 7.6 11.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.03.2011 32.9 15.7 7.2 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.03.2011 32.9 15.4 7.4 11.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.03.2011 33.1 15.9 8.1 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
29.03.2011 33.2 15.6 8.4 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
04.04.2011 44.5 24.2 7.6 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
05.04.2011 44.5 25.3 7.5 10.7 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
11.04.2011 44.2 26.6 8.2 11.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
12.04.2011 32.9 25.4 8.5 11.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
18.04.2011 33.6 26.2 8.3 11.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
19.04.2011 34.4 25.3 8.5 11.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25.04.2011 33.2 24.6 8.5 11.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
26.04.2011 34.5 24.8 8.3 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 34.9 20.8 7.0 11.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 44.5 26.6 8.5 12.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 32.9 14.4 5.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 44.5 26.4 8.5 12.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Kanimella (A5)
Date I II III
Feb-11
02.02.2011 22.2 12.4 4 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.02.2011 23.6 13.6 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.02.2011 24.4 23 4.4 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.02.2011 25.2 12.9 4.1 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.02.2011 26.4 13.2 4.2 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.02.2011 26.5 13.6 4.1 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.02.2011 27.2 14.5 4.2 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.02.2011 26.3 14.9 4.6 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
02.03.2011 27.4 15 4.2 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.03.2011 28.5 14.9 4.5 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.03.2011 29.2 15.8 4.4 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.03.2011 29.6 16 4.2 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.03.2011 30.8 16.3 4.3 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.03.2011 30.4 16.6 4 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.03.2011 31.6 16.9 4.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.03.2011 32.8 17.3 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
30.03.2011 33.4 17.5 4.4 10.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
31.03.2011 32.5 18.2 4.5 11 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
06.04.2011 32.6 18.3 4.3 10.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.04.2011 33.8 18.9 4.6 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
13.04.2011 34.2 19.2 4.5 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.04.2011 32.9 18.5 4.2 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
20.04.2011 33.6 18.9 4.4 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.04.2011 34.4 19 4.5 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
27.04.2011 32.4 18.5 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.04.2011 34.5 19.6 4.1 10.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mean 29.9 16.7 4.3 10.0
Maximum 34.5 23.0 4.6 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 22.2 12.4 4.0 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 34.5 21.3 4.6 11.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Malyada (A6)
Date I II III
Feb-11
31.01.2011 20.9 11.9 4 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.02.2011 21.6 12 4.1 8.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.02.2011 22.4 12.6 4.2 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.02.2011 23.6 13.5 4.1 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.02.2011 22.5 13.6 4.2 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.02.2011 23.4 13.2 4 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.02.2011 24.6 13.6 4.1 8.7 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.02.2011 23.1 14 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.02.2011 24 13.8 4.1 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
01.03.2011 23.6 14.5 4 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
07.03.2011 23.8 13.5 4.2 9.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
08.03.2011 23.9 14.4 4.1 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.03.2011 24.5 12.2 4.2 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
15.03.2011 25 15.1 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.03.2011 25.9 16.2 4.2 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
22.03.2011 23.8 15.1 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.03.2011 25 14.2 4.2 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
29.03.2011 26.5 15 4.1 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
04.04.2011 24.8 15.1 4 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
05.04.2011 26 15.5 4 8.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
11.04.2011 26.6 16.6 4 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
12.04.2011 27.3 16.2 4.2 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
18.04.2011 28.5 15.4 4.1 9.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
19.04.2011 27.6 16.2 4.1 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25.04.2011 28.9 16.5 4.2 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
26.04.2011 29.1 16.6 4.3 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 24.9 14.5 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 29.1 16.6 4.3 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 20.9 11.9 4.0 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98th percentile 29.0 16.6 4.3 10.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Boddapeta (A7)
µg/m µg/m µg/m µg/m3
3 3 3 mg/m3
Date I II III
Feb-11
02.02.2011 19.9 12.8 4 8.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.02.2011 20 11.6 4 8.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.02.2011 21.3 12.9 4 8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.02.2011 22.5 11.5 4.1 8.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.02.2011 22 12.4 4 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.02.2011 23.1 12.8 4.1 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.02.2011 23.6 12.5 4.2 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.02.2011 24.2 12.6 4 8.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
02.03.2011 25.6 12.8 4.1 8.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.03.2011 26.3 12.9 4.1 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.03.2011 25.3 13.5 4 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.03.2011 26.3 13.8 4 8.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.03.2011 25.4 13.6 4 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.03.2011 26 13.8 4 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.03.2011 27.3 13.6 4.1 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.03.2011 28.3 14.1 4.2 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
30.03.2011 28.9 14.2 4 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
31.03.2011 29.9 14.8 4 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
06.04.2011 30.9 15.2 4.1 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.04.2011 31.6 15.6 4.2 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
13.04.2011 31.8 16.9 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.04.2011 32 16.8 4.2 8.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
20.04.2011 32.5 17.2 4.1 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.04.2011 32.9 17.9 4.2 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
27.04.2011 33.1 16.8 4.1 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.04.2011 32.5 17.3 4.1 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 27.0 14.2 4.1 8.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 33.1 17.9 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 19.9 11.5 4.0 8.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98 percentile
th 33.0 17.6 4.2 9.5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Location : Velluru (A8)
µg/m µg/m µg/m µg/m3
3 3 3 mg/m3
Date I II III
Feb-11
02.02.2011 21 13.1 4 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.02.2011 22.3 12.2 4 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.02.2011 21.6 12.4 4.1 8.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.02.2011 23.2 12.1 4 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.02.2011 22.5 13.2 4.1 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.02.2011 20.9 12.2 4.2 8.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.02.2011 22.6 13 4 8.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.02.2011 22.9 12.6 4.1 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Mar-11
02.03.2011 23.1 12.9 4 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
03.03.2011 23.6 13 4.1 8.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
09.03.2011 24.1 13.2 4.2 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
10.03.2011 23.6 14.5 4.3 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
16.03.2011 22.5 12.4 4 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
17.03.2011 23 13.1 4.1 8.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
23.03.2011 23.6 12.8 4.2 9.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24.03.2011 23.8 12.6 4.1 10.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
30.03.2011 22.5 14 4.2 9.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
31.03.2011 23.6 12.8 4.1 10.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Apr-11
06.04.2011 23.9 13.2 4.2 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
07.04.2011 24.5 14 4.4 8.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
13.04.2011 24.9 12.6 4.2 9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
14.04.2011 25.2 13.7 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
20.04.2011 25.6 14.1 4.2 9.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
21.04.2011 26.3 14.2 4.1 9.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
27.04.2011 25.4 12.9 4.2 10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
28.04.2011 23.9 13.8 4.2 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Arithmetic Mean 23.5 13.1 4.1 9.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Maximum 26.3 14.5 4.4 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Minimum 20.9 12.1 4.0 8.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
98 percentile
th 26.0 14.4 4.4 10.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
ANNEXURE- B
NOISE QUALITY MONITORING
Refulgent Alloys N Steels Limited
Location Distance(KM) Direction

Code Location w.r.t Project w.r.t Project
N1 Plant Site 0 0
N2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
N3 Sancham 1.5 ENE
N4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE
N5 Kanimella 2.3 SW
N6 Malyada 3.2 WSW
N7 Boddapeta 1.2 W
N8 Velluru 1.2 NW
Time N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
6AM 36.8 37.3 38.5 42.9 37.2 36.9 37 36.6
7AM 37.9 38.3 39.6 43.9 38.3 38.7 37.9 38.9
8AM 42.6 43.9 40.8 48.7 39.9 40.2 39.8 39.7
9AM 46.8 46.7 44.5 50.3 42.3 42.6 43.9 42.6
10AM 48.7 49.9 46.3 52.6 45.1 44.9 45.2 44.8
11AM 47.6 50.4 47.9 53.8 47.3 42.5 46.8 46.2
12PM 46.3 50.6 48.5 52.6 49 40.6 42.9 47
13 PM 44.2 48.9 47.6 51.9 47.2 40.9 43.8 45.1
14 PM 46.2 47.2 46.9 50.4 45.2 42.8 44.8 44.2
15 PM 46.9 45.3 45.9 51.6 44.2 45.2 46.7 46.9
16 PM 48.9 49.8 48.7 52.6 45.6 46.9 43.2 48.9
17 PM 49 50.6 49.3 53.8 42.4 48.9 41.3 43.6
18 PM 48.2 51.2 47.2 52.9 40.1 46.5 40.1 42.1
19 PM 44.2 46.3 45.2 48.9 38.9 43.1 38.9 41.6
20 PM 42.1 43.4 41.6 47.6 37.6 40.2 38.2 40.9
21 PM 38.6 39.4 40.2 42.6 36.2 38.6 36.4 38.9
22 PM 36.9 38.4 38.9 40.1 35.2 37.2 35.2 37.2
23 PM 35.2 37 36.8 38.9 35 36.6 35 36.6
24 AM 35 36.4 36.2 37.9 35.2 36 35.1 35.9
1AM 35.1 35.4 36 36.4 35.3 35.8 35.6 35
2AM 35.4 35.9 35.2 37.2 35.9 35.2 36.2 35.2
3AM 35.6 36 35.6 38.9 35.8 35 36.3 36.9
4AM 36.3 36.2 36.8 39.9 36.2 35.9 36.4 36.3
5AM 36.4 36.8 37.2 40.3 36.3 36.2 36.6 36
Minimum 35.0 35.4 35.2 36.4 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Maximum 49.0 51.2 49.3 53.8 49.0 48.9 46.8 48.9
Day
equivalent 46.0 47.9 46.1 51.0 44.0 43.7 42.9 44.2
Night
equivalent 35.8 36.6 36.7 38.9 35.6 36.0 35.8 36.2
ANNEXURE-C
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
S.No Parameter Unit Velluru (US) Pidibheemavaram (DS)
1 pH -- 7.84 7.74
2 Turbidity NTU 5.2 3.9

3 EC µMho/cm 272 348
4 TSS mg/L 10 18
5 TDS mg/L 168 222
6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 60 40
7 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 35.5 77.9

8 Sulphates as SO4-2 mg/L 18.9 19.9
9 Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 2.1 2.4
10 Phosphates as PO4 mg/L <0.02 <0.02
11 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 80 56
12 Calcium as Ca mg/L 25.6 12.8
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 3.8 5.7
14 Sodium as Na mg/L 23.2 52.8
15 Potassium as K mg/L 1.6 1.9
16 Flourides as F- mg/L 0.1 0.2
17 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.24 0.21
18 Phenolic Compounds mg/L <0.001 <0.001
-
19 Cyanide as CN mg/L <0.001 <0.001
20 Residual Chlorine as Cl- mg/L <0.04 <0.04
21 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.003 <0.002
22 Total Chromium as Cr mg/L <0.04 <0.04
23 Lead as Pb mg/L <0.001 <0.001
24 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.21 0.18
25 Manganese as Mn mg/L <0.001 <0.001
26 Copper as Cu mg/L <0.001 <0.001
27 Nickel as Ni mg/L <0.02 <0.02
28 Total coliforms Mpn/100ml 24 36
29 E-Coli /100ml Absent Absent
30 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent
31 Sodium Absorption Ratio - 1.27 5.33
32 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.6 4.9
33 BOD ( 3 days at 27oC) mg/l <01 <01
34 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.02 <0.02
35 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.001 <0.001
36 Oil and grease mg/l <0.1 <0.1
37 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001
38 Aluminum as Al mg/l <0.001 <0.001
GROUND WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
S.No Parameter Unit Plant Site Giriviaripallem Sancham

GW1 GW2 GW3
1 pH -- 7.37 7.25 7.14
2 Turbidity NTU 1.4 1.6 1.6
3 EC µMho/cm 2246 1148 1598
4 TSS mg/L <05 <05 <05

5 TDS mg/L 850 726 476
Total Alkalinity as 520 320 350
6 CaCO3 mg/L
7 Chlorides as Cl -
mg/L 383.4 106.5 213.1
8 Sulphates as SO4-2 mg/L 49.1 91.6 133.4
9 Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 9.3 2.9 4.9
10 Phosphates as PO4 mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Total Hardness as 410 424 502
11 CaCO3 mg/L
12 Calcium as Ca mg/L 137.6 102.4 176
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 65.2 40.3 44.1
14 Sodium as Na mg/L 228.1 64.4 74
15 Potassium as K mg/L 4.9 2.7 4.9
16 Flourides as F -
mg/L 1.1 1 1.1
17 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.16 0.12 0.18
18 Phenolic Compounds mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
19 Cyanide as CN- mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Residual Chlorine as
20 Cl- mg/L <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
21 Cadmium as Cd mg/L <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Total Chromium as <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
22 Cr mg/L
23 Lead as Pb mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
24 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.22 0.06 0.1

25 Manganese as Mn mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
26 Copper as Cu mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
27 Nickel as Ni mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

28 Total coliforms Mpn/100ml Absent Absent Absent
29 E-Coli /100ml Absent Absent Absent

Boron
30 mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
31 Anionic Detergents mg/L 0.06 0.08 0.08
Mineral Oil
32 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
S.No Parameter Unit Pidibheemavaram Kanimella Malyada Boddapeta
GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7
1 pH -- 6.78 7.3 7.19 7.09
2 Turbidity NTU 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.5
3 EC µMho/cm 4378 894 1298 1178
4 TSS mg/L <05 <05 <05 <05

5 TDS mg/L 960 572 846 752
Total Alkalinity as 380 360 260 300
6 CaCO3 mg/L
7 Chlorides as Cl -
mg/L 632 44.1 178.9 92.9
8 Sulphates as SO4-2 mg/L 60.6 18.2 121.3 142.8
9 Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 20.1 2 7.9 7.3
10 Phosphates as PO4 mg/L 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Total Hardness as 580 256 488 440
11 CaCO3 mg/L
12 Calcium as Ca mg/L 499.2 67.2 153.6 124.8
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 179 21.1 24.9 30.7
14 Sodium as Na mg/L 83.7 85.1 69.9 62.9
15 Potassium as K mg/L 7.3 2.1 3.1 4.9
16 Flourides as F -
mg/L 1.3 0.5 1.1 1
17 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.12 0.12 0.1 0.1

Phenolic 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
18 Compounds mg/L
19 Cyanide as CN- mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Residual Chlorine
20 as Cl- mg/L <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
21 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Total Chromium as 0.05 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
22 Cr mg/L
23 Lead as Pb mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
24 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.26 0.06 0.06 0.09

25 Manganese as Mn mg/L 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
26 Copper as Cu mg/L 0.064 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
27 Nickel as Ni mg/L <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

28 Total coliforms Mpn/100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent
29 E-Coli /100ml Absent Absent Absent Absent

Boron
30 mg/L 0.08 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
31 Anionic Detergents mg/L 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.1
Mineral Oil
32 mg/L 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
ANNEXURE-D
SOIL QUALITY ANALYSIS REPORT
SOIL QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS & ANALYSIS REPORT

Location Distance(KM) w.r.t
Location Direction w.r.t Project
Code Project
S1 Plant Site 0,0
S2 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
S3 Sancham 1.5 ENE
S4 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE
S5 Kanimella 2.3 SW
S6 Malyada 3.2 WSW
S7 Boddapeta 1.2 W
S8 Velluru 1.2 NW
Sr. No. Parameter SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5 SS6 SS7 SS8
1 Texture Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Sandy Clay Clay

Clay
Sand (%) 28 22 20 22 26 46 22 24
Silt (%) 22 26 28 20 18 12 18 16
Clay (%) 50 52 52 58 56 42 60 60
2 pH 7.06 7.23 7.32 6.96 7.00 7.26 7.35 7.09
3 EC (us/cm) 196 184 195 159 128 104 106 92
4 Bulk Density (g/cc) 1.23 1.16 1.21 1.25 1.19 1.08 1.29 1.31
5 SAR (%) 1.37 1.33 1.24 1.11 0.54 0.74 0.79 0.60
Available Nitrogen 236 242 256 269 254 126 298 287
6
(kg/ha)
Available P as PO4 112 130 134 143 96 72 158 139
7
(kg/ha)
8 Available K (kg/ha) 158 164 159 161 124 98 194 184
Exchangeable Ca 1.63 1.89 2.00 2.23 2.09 1.68 1.09 2.00
9
(meq/100gr)
Exchangeable Mg 0.96 1.02 1.09 1.12 0.96 0.62 0.46 0.84
10
(meq/100gr)
Exchangeable Na 1.84 2.02 2.09 1.96 0.89 0.94 0.86 0.92
11
(meq/100gr)
12 Organic Carbon (%) 0.23 0.24 0.36 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.39 0.36
13 Manganese 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.19 0.23
(meq/100gr)
14 Zinc (meq/100gr) 4.20 4.50 4.90 4.00 4.50 3.20 4.90 4.60
15 Boron (meq/100gr) 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.09
ANNEXURE-E
TRAFFIC SURVEY
TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT SURVEY (HOURLY)

Location
Location Distance(KM) w.r.t Project Direction w.r.t Project
Code
T1 Giriviaripallem 2.4 NNE
T2 Pidibheemavaram 3.1 SSE
Name of the Project : M/s.Refulgent Alloys & Steels Limited Sancham Srikakulam, A.P.
Name of the Road : NH-5(Chennai to Calcutta)
UP : Vizag to Srikakulam Location : Peddaganjam
Dn : Srikakulam to Vizag
1 TO 24 Hrs
FAST MOVING VEHICLES SLOW MOVING VEHICLES
Time Two Three Cars/Vans Buses & 2-Axle &3- Cycles Cycle Cattle’s
Wheelers Wheelers Lorries Axle Rishkaw
Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn
1. 01 01 00 00 12 06 78 84 23 29 00 00 00 00 00 00
2. 01 02 00 00 16 09 69 73 21 18 00 00 00 00 00 00
3. 12 00 00 00 23 18 68 71 19 26 00 00 00 00 00 00
4. 23 10 02 04 36 21 57 58 16 17 04 00 00 00 02 02
5. 26 29 06 02 22 19 62 63 15 28 06 02 00 00 04 01
6. 48 41 12 10 41 36 54 69 21 39 08 06 00 00 02 02
7. 52 46 16 16 36 45 49 58 19 32 04 04 00 00 01 02
8. 36 59 12 19 30 51 56 59 18 26 04 09 00 00 02 02
9. 41 37 18 12 28 39 61 63 12 05 02 12 00 00 00 00
10. 26 43 13 19 31 41 36 54 10 18 01 03 00 00 00 00
11. 39 36 10 15 42 38 32 34 09 06 02 02 00 00 00 00
12. 46 28 08 12 24 27 29 31 06 15 06 04 00 00 00 00
13. 52 20 10 10 16 39 20 26 12 14 01 05 00 00 00 00
14. 23 38 13 13 13 41 26 29 08 05 02 03 00 00 00 00
15. 39 49 12 19 32 36 31 21 06 12 06 07 00 00 00 00
16. 28 56 09 16 45 20 29 23 05 04 16 08 00 00 02 00
17. 38 41 11 09 39 18 26 20 06 02 18 09 00 00 01 06
18. 43 32 12 06 41 43 19 23 08 06 14 14 00 00 02 04
19. 20 21 16 02 26 26 29 20 19 08 12 02 00 00 02 02
20. 18 09 02 04 21 21 34 51 23 22 06 01 00 00 00 00
21. 10 06 04 02 18 19 49 59 22 26 02 00 00 00 00 00
22. 06 03 02 00 16 10 69 71 18 32 00 00 00 00 00 00
23. 02 02 00 00 11 06 64 66 16 31 00 00 00 00 00 00
24. 02 01 00 00 06 02 72 67 10 38 00 00 00 00 00 00
Name of the Road : Giriviaripallem Road
UP : Ranasthalam to Vijayanagaram Location : Giriviaripallem
Dn : Vijayanagaram to Ranasthalam
1 TO 24 Hrs
FAST MOVING VEHICLES SLOW MOVING VEHICLES
Time Two Three Cars/Vans Buses & 2-Axle &3- Cycles Cycle Cattle’s
Wheelers Wheelers Lorries Axle Rishkaw
Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn Up Dn
1. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
2. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
3. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
4. 04 06 01 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00
5. 02 08 02 03 00 00 01 01 00 00 02 01 00 00 00 04
6. 04 10 01 02 01 00 02 01 00 00 04 02 00 00 06 02
7. 02 09 02 01 00 02 03 02 00 00 06 02 00 00 05 04
8. 08 08 04 06 02 00 04 03 00 00 02 05 00 00 02 05
9. 06 06 03 08 00 00 06 02 00 00 03 06 00 00 04 01
10. 06 05 09 02 02 00 04 04 00 00 02 04 00 00 05 01
11. 02 04 04 01 00 00 02 02 00 00 01 02 00 00 01 00
12. 00 01 06 00 00 01 02 01 00 00 01 06 00 00 00 00
13. 02 01 02 00 01 00 04 02 00 00 02 02 00 00 00 00
14. 02 06 01 02 00 00 02 01 00 00 03 02 00 00 01 02
15. 03 08 01 01 02 00 02 01 00 00 01 03 00 00 00 00
16. 02 16 06 02 00 00 04 02 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00
17. 04 12 08 06 00 00 02 01 00 00 02 01 00 00 05 05
18. 05 12 02 09 01 01 01 02 00 00 01 02 00 00 02 06
19. 12 06 04 01 00 00 02 03 00 00 03 03 00 00 04 04
20. 06 05 01 04 01 00 01 04 00 00 06 04 00 00 00 02
21. 01 00 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02
22. 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
23. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
24. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
ANNEXURE-F
FLORA
List of Flora in Study Area
List of plant species encountered within the core area during the summer season of
2011
Scientific name Local name Family
Alangium salvifolium Vuduga Alangiaceae
Azadirachta indica Vepa or Neem Meliaceae
Bauhinia purpurea Devakaanchanam Caesalpiniaceae
Borassus flabellifer Toddy / Taaati Arecaceae
Breynia retusa Chinna pugugudu Euphorbiaceae
Acacia nilotica Nallathumma Mimosaceae
Calotropis gigantea Tella jilledu Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis procera Jilledu Asclepiadaceae
Carissa spinarum Kalivi / Vaaka Apocynaceae
Cassia auriculata Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia Sarwi / sarugudu Casuarinaceae
Chromolaena odorata Siam weed Asterceae
Albizia lebbeck Dirisana Mimosaceae
Hyptis suaveolens Seema tulasi Lamiaceae
Imperata cylindrica Darba gaddi Poaceae
Ipomoea carnea Rubber mokka Convlovulaceae
Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae
Parthenium hysterophorus Pitchimaachi patri Asteraceae
Peltophorum pterocarpum Patcha turaayi Caesalpiniaceae
Phoenix sylvestris Eetha Arecaceae

Phyllanthus reticulatus Pulasari Euphorbiaceae
Pongamia pinnata Kaanuga Fabaceae
Prosopis juliflora English thumma Mimosaceae
Samania saman Nidrabhangi Mimosaceae
Strebulus asper Barranki Moraceae
Syzygium cumini Neredu Myrtaceae
Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae
Tephrosia purpurea Vempali Fabaceae
Terminalia arjuna Tella Maddi Combretaceae
Terminalia catappa Baadam Combretaceae
Thespecia populnea Ganga Raavi Malvaceae

Tridax procumbens Gaddipoolu Asteraceae
Typa angustata Jambu Poaceae
Ziziphus nummularia Nela regu Rhamanaceae
List of trees and shrubs encountered in the buffer zone

Botanical name Family Vegetation type
Acacia farnesiana Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Acacia catechu Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Naturalized
Acacia tomentosa Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Acacia torta Mimosaceae Thorn forests
Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Cultivated and in forests
Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Cultivated and in forests
Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae Thorn scrub
Albizia procera Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Albizia amara Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Deciduous forests
Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Forests & avenue
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Cultivated
Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae Avenue tree
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Naturalized
Azima tetracantha Salvadoraceae Thorn forests
Balanitis aegyptica Balanitaceae Thorn forests
Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Thorn scrub
Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous forests
Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous forests
Bauhinia tomentosa Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous forests
Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous forests
Benkera malabarica Rubiaceae Deciduous forests
Borassus flabellifer Arecaeae Deciduous / thorn forests
Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Deciduous forests
Breynia vitis-idaea Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae Deciduous forests
Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Disturbed forests &
wastelands
Cadaba fruticosa Capparaceae Thorn forest & hedges
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpiniaceae Naturalized
Canthium parviflorum Rubiaceae Thorn forests
Capparis brevispina Capparaceae Thorn forest & hedges
Capparis divaricata Capparaceae Thorn forest & hedges
Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous / thorn forests
Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae Thorn forests
Ceiba pentandra Bombacaeae Dry forests & cultivated
Chloroxylon swietenia Flindersiaceae Deciduous forests
Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae Very widespread climber
Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Clerodedron phlomides Verbenaceae Hedge plant
Commiphora caudata Burseraceae Deciduous forests

Cordia dichotoma Cordiaceae Deciduous forests
Crateva magna Capparaceae River banks
Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Naturalized
Delonix elata Caesalpiniaceae Naturalized
Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Deciduous forests
Dichrostachys cinerea Mimosaceae Thorn forests
Diospyros chloroxylon Ebenaceae Thorn forests
Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Deciduous forests
Dodonaea viscosa Sapindaceae Open scrub forests
Dolichandrone falcata Bignoniaceae Deciduous forests
Erythrina suberosa Papilionaceae Deciduous forests
Erythrina variegata Papilionaceae Cultivated
Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Euphorbia tirucalli Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Deciduous forests
Ficus hispida Moraceae Deciduous forests
Ficus microcarpa Moraceae Deciduous forests
Ficus racemosa Moraceae Deciduous forests
Ficus religiosa Moraceae Deciduous forests
Gardenia gummifera Rubiaceae Deciduous forest
Gardenia resinifera Rubiaceae Deciduous forest
Givotia rottleriformis Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Moist Deciduous forests
Grewia abutifolia Tiliaceae Deciduous forests
Grewia damine Tiliaceae Deciduous forests
Grewia rothii Tiliaceae Deciduous forests
Grewia tenax Tiliaceae Deciduous forests
Grewia tiliifolia (G.tiliaefolia) Tiliaceae Deciduous forests
Hardwickia binata Caesalpiniaceae Deciduous forests
Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Deciduous forests
(H.antidysenterica)
Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae Deciduous forests
Ixora arborea Rubiaceae Deciduous forest
Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Hedge
Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae Naturalized
Limonia acidissima Rutaceae Cultivated and in forests
Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Cultivated
Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae Deciduous forests
Maytenus emerginata Celastraceae Thorn forest & hedges
Melia azedarach Meliaceae Naturalized
Memecylon umbellatum Melastomacaceae Open scrub and deciduous
forests
Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae Cultivated
Millingtoina hortensis Bignoniaceae Naturalized
Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae Deciduous forests
Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae Deciduous forest
Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae Deciduous forest
Mundelia suberosa Fabaceae Deciduous forests
Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Cultivated and in forests
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nyctanthaceae Naturalized
Oroxylon indicum Bignoniaceae Deciduous forests
Phoenix robusta Arecaeae Deciduous / thorn forests
Phoenix sylvestris Arecaeae Deciduous / thorn forests
Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Naturalized
Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Pithecellobium dulce Mimosaceae Naturalized
Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae Naturalized
Prosopis cineria Mimosaceae Thorn forests
Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Thorn forests
Salvadora persica Salvadoraceae Deciduous forests
Sapindus emerginatus Sapindaceae Cultivated & in forests
Scutia myrtina Rhamnaceae Deciduous forests
Securinega leucopyrus Euphorbiaceae Deciduous forests
Securinega virosa Euphorbiaceae Thorn forests
Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae Deciduous forests
Soymida febrifuga Meliaceae Deciduous forests
Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae Deciduous forests
Strebulus asper Moraceae Moist river/ road sides
Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae Deciduous forests
Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Naturalized
Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae Naturalized
Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Deciduous forests &
cultivated
Terenna asiatica (Chomella Rubiaceae Thorn forest
asiatica)
Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae River banks & avenue
plantations
Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Deciduous forests
Terminalia catappa Combretaceae Naturalized
Thespecia populnea Malvaceae Naturalized
Vitex altissima Verbenaceae Deciduous forests
Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Hedges & road sides.
Vitex trifolia Verbenaceae Moist Deciduous forests
Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae Thorn forests
Wrightia arborea Apocynaceae Deciduous forests
Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Deciduous / thorn forests
Ziziphus marutiana Rhamnaceae Thorn forests
Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Thorn forests
Ziziphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Thorn forests
Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae Thorn forests
ANNEXURE-G
FAUNA
List of Fauna in the Study Area
List of vertebrate species either seen or reported to occur in and around the
site. Those found in the core area are indicted by *
Mammals:
Common name Latin name IUCN Status
Bengal Mongoose Herpestes palustris Vulnerable
Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatia Least Concern
Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern
Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern
Indian Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus Vulnerable
Jackal Canis aureus Least Concern
Porcupine Hystrix indica Least Concern
Short nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx Least Concern
Three striped Squirrel* Funambulus palmarum Least Concern
Lesser bandicoot Rat* Bandicota bengalensis Least Concern
Greater Bandicoot Rat* Bandicota indica Least Concern
Brown Rat* Rattus rattus Least Concern
Wild boar Sus scrofa Least Concern
Reptiles
Chameleon Chameleon zeylanicus Least Concern
Cobra Naja naja Least Concern
Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus Least concern
Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis Vulnerable
Garden lizard* Calotes versicolor Least Concern

Giant Blind Snake Typhlops diardii Least Concern
Indian Day Gecko Cnemaspis indica Least Concern
Indian Rock Lizard* Psammophilus dorsalis Least Concern
Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans Least concern
Marbled tree gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii Least Concern
Rat snake* Ptyas mucosa / Tripidonatus Least concern
pisactor
Russell’s viper Vipera russseli Least concern
Sand boa Eryx johni Least concern
Saw scaled viper Echis carinatus Least concern
Slender Blind Snake Typhlops porrectus Least Concern
Indian wall lizard* Hemidactylus flaviviridis Least Concern
Tree Snake Chrysopelea taprobanica Least Concern
Whip Snake Dryphis nasutus Least concern
AMPHIBIANS
Indian Burrowing frog Sphaerotheca breviceps Least Concern
Green Pond Frog Rana hexadactyla. Least Concern
Common Indian Toad* Bufo melonosticatus Least Concern
Tiger Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Least Concern
(Rana tigerina)
Tree Frog Hyla arboria Least Concern
List of birds either spotted or reported from the study area. It includes the
core area and the buffer zone of 10 Km radius. The species spotted in the
Core area are indicted by *
Common name Latin name Local Status IUCN red data
status
Myna, common Acridothers trists Widespread Least concern
Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis * Occasional Least concern
Common teal Anas crecca Common Least concern
Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha In all ponds Least concern
Bar-headed goose Anser indicus In a Tank Least concern
Swift, house Apus affinis * Widespread Least concern
Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii In a Tank Least concern
Owl, spotted Athene brama Not seen during day Least concern
time
Common pochard Aythya ferina Vagrant Least concern
Tufted duck Aythya fuligula In a pond Least concern
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis * Vagrant Least concern
Crow pheasant Centrpus sinesis Common Least concern
Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis Common along the Least concern
coast
Pigeon, blue rock Columbia livia* Very common Least concern
Indian roller Coracias benghalensis* Very common Least concern
Common Raven Corvus corax Widespread Least concern
Jungle crow Corvus macrohyuchos Very common Least concern
House Crow Corvus splendens * Widespread Least concern
Indian cuckoo Cuculus micropterus* Very common on Least concern
Mango trees
Common hawk Cuculus varus Common Least concern
Lesser whistling- Dendrocygna javanica In a tank Least concern
duck
Wood pecker, Dinopium bengalensis On avenue trees Least concern
Golden backed
White-bellied Dryocopus javensis On roadside avenue Least concern
woodpecker tree
Egret, little Egretta garetta * Widespread
Asian koel Eudynamys On mango trees Least concern
scolopacea *
Partridge, grey Francolinus Spotted only once Least concern
pondicerianus
Painted spur fowl Galloperdix lunulata Seen only once on a Least concern
rocky hill
Grey jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii Not seen but Least concern
reported
Barred jungle Owlet Galuciddum radiatuum, Not seen but Least concern
reported
White-Throated Halcyon smyrnensis Seen once Least concern
Kingfisher
Heart-spotted Hemicircus canente On roadside avenue Least concern
woodpecker tree
Swallow, common Hirando rustica, Widespread Least concern
Rufous-tailed Histurgops ruficaudus On toddy palms Least concern
Weaver
Munia, white- Lonchura malabarica Seen frequently in Least concern
throated barren Hills
Munia, spotted Lonchura striata Seen frequently in Least concern
barren Hills
Crested kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris Common Least concern
Golden-throated Megalaima franklinii In bushes Least concern
barbet
Coppersmith Megalaima In bushes Least concern
barbet haemacephala
White-cheeked Megalaima viridis In forest areas Least concern
barbet
Brown-headed Megalaima zeylanica In bushes Least concern
barbet
Green bee-eater Merops orientalis Widespread Least concern
Cotton pygmy-goose Nettapus In a pond Least concern
coromandelianus
House Sparrow Passer domesticus* In all hamlets Least concern
Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Detached feathers Vulnerable
were seen
Jungle bush quail Perdicula asiatica Resident of scrub Least concern
forest
Cormorant Phalacrocorax higher Rare Least concern
Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus* On Palm trees Least concern
Parakeet large Psittacula eupatria Very common and Least concern
Indian widespread
Rose-ringed Psittacula krameri * Mango trees Least concern
parakeet
Duck, comb Sarkediornis In a Tank Least concern
melanothus
Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata * Very common Least concern
River tern Stema aurantia Spotted near Least concern
Sarada River
Ring dove Streptopelia decactao Common Least concern
Myna, Black-headed Sturnus pagodarun* Very common Least concern

Pigeon, common Treron pheoenicoptera* Widespread Least concern
Green
Barred button quail Turnix suscitator In a pond Least concern
ANNEXURE-H
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA
Total Population 0-6 Years Population Total SC Population Total ST Population
No. of
Rural/ House
Village Name Urban Holds Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 256 1212 630 582 126 67 59 225 120 105 0 0 0
Sitamvalasa Rural 135 582 304 278 101 54 47 97 49 48 0 0 0
Jagannadharajapuram
Rural 544 2509 1369 1140 358 189 169 424 265 159 24 10 14
Ranasthalam Rural 877 4077 2147 1930 565 299 266 223 123 100 4 3 1
Sitampeta Rural 677 4455 2355 2100 497 247 250 593 318 275 1502 744 758
Muktampuram Rural 164 825 408 417 117 60 57 197 97 100 0 0 0
Kondamulagam Rural 335 1605 825 780 179 84 95 239 118 121 0 0 0
Gollapalem Rural 121 597 304 293 82 44 38 0 0 0 2 1 1
Devarapalli Rural 239 1099 558 541 159 86 73 79 42 37 0 0 0
Velpurayi Rural 272 1200 620 580 153 82 71 45 25 20 3 1 2
Komma Sigadam Rural 390 1660 836 824 231 117 114 412 211 201 0 0 0
Arjunavalasa Rural 277 1166 597 569 110 56 54 207 105 102 0 0 0
Girivaripalem Rural 104 413 203 210 66 24 42 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bantupalli Rural 530 2119 1071 1048 344 183 161 662 322 340 0 0 0
Tirupatipalem Rural 237 1083 569 514 168 92 76 167 90 77 0 0 0
Sancham Rural 773 3547 1773 1774 532 254 278 273 138 135 0 0 0
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 132 518 258 260 52 22 30 269 137 132 0 0 0
Paidibhimavaram Rural 585 2425 1237 1188 393 201 192 230 108 122 16 9 7
Varisam Rural 345 1512 756 756 222 109 113 340 174 166 1 1 0
Nelivada Rural 209 1007 500 507 141 73 68 169 84 85 0 0 0
Koshta Rural 891 3879 1993 1886 555 287 268 504 259 245 11 9 2
Pishini Rural 421 2107 1071 1036 301 144 157 50 24 26 0 0 0
Vallabharavupeta Rural 198 939 501 438 119 72 47 68 39 29 4 3 1
Venkataravupeta Rural 31 178 87 91 22 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Derasam Rural 418 1988 1003 985 251 126 125 219 110 109 2 1 1
Maruvada Rural 204 949 486 463 147 76 71 328 166 162 0 0 0
Rajam Rural 597 2580 1253 1327 451 216 235 79 39 40 13 5 8
Jirukovvada Rural 67 313 164 149 68 38 30 27 18 9 0 0 0
Akkayapalem Rural 163 664 340 324 104 44 60 107 53 54 7 3 4
Mentada Rural 337 1569 825 744 304 165 139 250 131 119 7 4 3
Naruva Rural 304 1472 740 732 249 136 113 132 69 63 0 0 0
Boyapalem Rural 100 510 254 256 52 28 24 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chittivalasa Rural 229 1018 501 517 161 80 81 122 59 63 0 0 0
Golagam Rural 235 1108 551 557 182 87 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ragolu Rural 317 1485 771 714 234 138 96 166 88 78 0 0 0
Jogirajupeta Rural 69 284 140 144 37 19 18 29 17 12 0 0 0
Tatipudi Rural 140 579 286 293 77 34 43 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kottavuru Rural 221 1054 486 568 140 59 81 170 83 87 0 0 0
Alugolu Rural 889 3997 2084 1913 565 292 273 371 195 176 0 0 0
Gushini Rural 726 3042 1538 1504 446 226 220 377 194 183 51 28 23
Madhupada Rural 95 432 211 221 50 21 29 10 5 5 0 0 0
Pinatarimi Rural 71 283 137 146 32 15 17 66 33 33 0 0 0
Boppadam Rural 501 2435 1285 1150 318 151 167 344 183 161 0 0 0
Sativada Rural 619 2955 1499 1456 465 246 219 395 221 174 19 11 8
Ommi Rural 492 2221 1120 1101 255 125 130 357 179 178 0 0 0
Altipalem Rural 70 285 142 143 27 12 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tammapuram Rural 168 727 359 368 121 61 60 49 25 24 0 0 0
Valluru Rural 471 1927 942 985 233 121 112 118 59 59 0 0 0
Pedatarimi Rural 114 446 219 227 61 25 36 128 62 66 0 0 0
Malyada Rural 267 1197 587 610 143 65 78 148 77 71 0 0 0
Venkannapalem Rural 6 17 10 7 0 0 0 14 8 6 0 0 0
Kanimella Rural 227 1238 646 592 205 118 87 118 58 60 0 0 0
Kamavaram Rural 166 739 373 366 149 75 74 226 110 116 0 0 0
Pedda
Battivalasa Rural 52 279 151 128 42 28 14 0 0 0 2 1 1
Chinna
Battivalasa Rural 146 647 335 312 119 57 62 33 17 16 144 75 69
Chodamma
Agraharam Rural 403 1893 959 934 311 167 144 85 39 46 0 0 0
Poram Rural 125 573 305 268 69 40 29 39 21 18 0 0 0

Gaitula
Chodavaram Rural 70 297 147 150 38 19 19 12 9 3 67 32 35
Kanimetta Rural 284 1234 634 600 178 92 86 138 73 65 0 0 0
Alladapalem Rural 219 930 470 460 128 70 58 113 61 52 3 1 2
Kandivalasa Rural 328 1330 701 629 173 104 69 181 96 85 0 0 0
Nakkanapeta Rural 22 77 42 35 20 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Govindapuram Rural 327 1351 679 672 194 95 99 107 55 52 2 2 0
Lankalapallipalem Rural 277 1009 495 514 85 46 39 65 31 34 4 3 1
Konayapalem Rural 129 536 251 285 71 24 47 0 0 0 14 8 6
Chouduvada Rural 188 901 463 438 124 69 55 4 1 3 2 1 1
Krishnapuram Rural 314 1246 613 633 144 66 78 160 74 86 1 0 1
Gumpam Rural 275 1339 656 683 212 107 105 110 56 54 0 0 0
Kovvada Rural 362 1753 901 852 259 140 119 440 229 211 0 0 0
Total 20547 93623 47726 45897 13287 6796 6491 11310 5852 5458 1905 956 949
Total Working Total Non Working Main Workers Marginal Workers
Population Population Population Population
Rural/
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 665 374 291 547 256 291 141 131 10 524 243 281
Sitamvalasa Rural 350 181 169 232 123 109 290 156 134 60 25 35
Jagannadharajapuram Rural 745 565 180 1764 804 960 582 467 115 163 98 65
Ranasthalam Rural 2166 1328 838 1911 819 1092 1165 940 225 1001 388 613
Sitampeta Rural 988 707 281 3467 1648 1819 862 668 194 126 39 87
Muktampuram Rural 242 203 39 583 205 378 224 201 23 18 2 16
Kondamulagam Rural 875 486 389 730 339 391 862 481 381 13 5 8
Gollapalem Rural 318 140 178 279 164 115 72 50 22 246 90 156
Devarapalli Rural 546 329 217 553 229 324 384 298 86 162 31 131
Velpurayi Rural 686 374 312 514 246 268 361 341 20 325 33 292
Komma Sigadam Rural 962 516 446 698 320 378 591 393 198 371 123 248
Arjunavalasa Rural 809 423 386 357 174 183 802 420 382 7 3 4
Girivaripalem Rural 228 136 92 185 67 118 21 18 3 207 118 89
Bantupalli Rural 1157 616 541 962 455 507 181 124 57 976 492 484
Tirupatipalem Rural 569 297 272 514 272 242 101 86 15 468 211 257
Sancham Rural 2017 1101 916 1530 672 858 1178 762 416 839 339 500
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 310 162 148 208 96 112 132 127 5 178 35 143
Paidibhimavaram Rural 973 745 228 1452 492 960 759 638 121 214 107 107
Varisam Rural 830 477 353 682 279 403 640 410 230 190 67 123
Nelivada Rural 450 284 166 557 216 341 284 220 64 166 64 102
Koshta Rural 1732 1123 609 2147 870 1277 1302 930 372 430 193 237
Pishini Rural 948 592 356 1159 479 680 307 271 36 641 321 320
Vallabharavupeta Rural 342 299 43 597 202 395 255 240 15 87 59 28
Venkataravupeta Rural 106 47 59 72 40 32 106 47 59 0 0 0
Derasam Rural 1059 586 473 929 417 512 452 313 139 607 273 334
Maruvada Rural 587 313 274 362 173 189 378 263 115 209 50 159
Rajam Rural 1371 763 608 1209 490 719 743 522 221 628 241 387
Jirukovvada Rural 165 100 65 148 64 84 115 92 23 50 8 42
Akkayapalem Rural 472 241 231 192 99 93 149 131 18 323 110 213
Mentada Rural 869 455 414 700 370 330 621 370 251 248 85 163
Naruva Rural 868 443 425 604 297 307 839 431 408 29 12 17
Boyapalem Rural 243 156 87 267 98 169 160 147 13 83 9 74
Chittivalasa Rural 460 303 157 558 198 360 204 199 5 256 104 152
Golagam Rural 699 350 349 409 201 208 578 308 270 121 42 79
Ragolu Rural 892 472 420 593 299 294 830 438 392 62 34 28
Jogirajupeta Rural 141 85 56 143 55 88 92 81 11 49 4 45
Tatipudi Rural 353 185 168 226 101 125 353 185 168 0 0 0
Kottavuru Rural 629 332 297 425 154 271 371 241 130 258 91 167
Alugolu Rural 1799 1207 592 2198 877 1321 1666 1121 545 133 86 47
Gushini Rural 1916 990 926 1126 548 578 1400 825 575 516 165 351
Madhupada Rural 252 141 111 180 70 110 252 141 111 0 0 0
Pinatarimi Rural 152 91 61 131 46 85 108 82 26 44 9 35
Boppadam Rural 1310 731 579 1125 554 571 1077 682 395 233 49 184
Sativada Rural 1519 916 603 1436 583 853 1436 892 544 83 24 59
Ommi Rural 1249 714 535 972 406 566 1106 688 418 143 26 117
Altipalem Rural 164 86 78 121 56 65 164 86 78 0 0 0
Tammapuram Rural 453 234 219 274 125 149 452 234 218 1 0 1
Valluru Rural 1095 607 488 832 335 497 974 547 427 121 60 61
Pedatarimi Rural 267 138 129 179 81 98 177 121 56 90 17 73
Malyada Rural 736 401 335 461 186 275 731 400 331 5 1 4
Venkannapalem Rural 11 6 5 6 4 2 8 5 3 3 1 2
Kanimella Rural 906 491 415 332 155 177 586 393 193 320 98 222
Kamavaram Rural 512 269 243 227 104 123 245 233 12 267 36 231
Pedda Battivalasa Rural 177 97 80 102 54 48 109 92 17 68 5 63
Chinna Battivalasa Rural 378 217 161 269 118 151 316 208 108 62 9 53
Chodamma Agraharam Rural 1035 575 460 858 384 474 406 337 69 629 238 391
Poram Rural 290 185 105 283 120 163 34 33 1 256 152 104
Gaitula Chodavaram Rural 147 84 63 150 63 87 31 29 2 116 55 61
Kanimetta Rural 692 395 297 542 239 303 361 263 98 331 132 199
Alladapalem Rural 444 289 155 486 181 305 179 157 22 265 132 133
Kandivalasa Rural 789 444 345 541 257 284 349 293 56 440 151 289
Nakkanapeta Rural 49 26 23 28 16 12 20 20 0 29 6 23
Govindapuram Rural 776 451 325 575 228 347 654 396 258 122 55 67
Lankalapallipalem Rural 696 347 349 313 148 165 316 279 37 380 68 312
Konayapalem Rural 265 167 98 271 84 187 264 167 97 1 0 1
Chouduvada Rural 522 288 234 379 175 204 467 281 186 55 7 48
Krishnapuram Rural 737 406 331 509 207 302 498 290 208 239 116 123
Gumpam Rural 591 417 174 748 239 509 539 401 138 52 16 36
Kovvada Rural 1001 590 411 752 311 441 679 479 200 322 111 211
Total 48752 28289 20463 44871 19437 25434 33091 22315 10776 15661 5974 9687
Rural/ Total Literate Population Total Illeterate Population
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 616 397 219 596 233 363
Sitamvalasa Rural 111 70 41 471 234 237
Jagannadharajapuram Rural 1743 1046 697 766 323 443
Ranasthalam Rural 1509 991 518 2568 1156 1412
Sitampeta Rural 3316 1922 1394 1139 433 706
Muktampuram Rural 198 113 85 627 295 332
Kondamulagam Rural 684 401 283 921 424 497
Gollapalem Rural 221 148 73 376 156 220
Devarapalli Rural 416 264 152 683 294 389
Velpurayi Rural 497 318 179 703 302 401
Komma Sigadam Rural 698 416 282 962 420 542
Arjunavalasa Rural 365 212 153 801 385 416
Girivaripalem Rural 225 137 88 188 66 122
Bantupalli Rural 824 450 374 1295 621 674
Tirupatipalem Rural 391 262 129 692 307 385
Sancham Rural 1351 902 449 2196 871 1325
Devuni Palavalasa Rural 240 142 98 278 116 162
Paidibhimavaram Rural 1304 757 547 1121 480 641
Varisam Rural 501 302 199 1011 454 557
Nelivada Rural 378 224 154 629 276 353
Koshta Rural 1703 1046 657 2176 947 1229
Pishini Rural 757 510 247 1350 561 789
Vallabharavupeta Rural 410 271 139 529 230 299
Venkataravupeta Rural 69 36 33 109 51 58
Derasam Rural 821 506 315 1167 497 670
Maruvada Rural 283 174 109 666 312 354
Rajam Rural 488 294 194 2092 959 1133
Jirukovvada Rural 44 28 16 269 136 133
Akkayapalem Rural 244 154 90 420 186 234
Mentada Rural 356 227 129 1213 598 615
Naruva Rural 437 261 176 1035 479 556
Boyapalem Rural 171 102 69 339 152 187
Chittivalasa Rural 283 174 109 735 327 408
Golagam Rural 344 244 100 764 307 457
Ragolu Rural 403 285 118 1082 486 596
Jogirajupeta Rural 101 61 40 183 79 104
Tatipudi Rural 259 160 99 320 126 194
Kottavuru Rural 415 239 176 639 247 392
Alugolu Rural 1301 916 385 2696 1168 1528
Gushini Rural 940 618 322 2102 920 1182
Madhupada Rural 172 102 70 260 109 151
Pinatarimi Rural 81 49 32 202 88 114
Boppadam Rural 1064 731 333 1371 554 817
Sativada Rural 889 573 316 2066 926 1140
Ommi Rural 703 445 258 1518 675 843
Altipalem Rural 127 81 46 158 61 97
Tammapuram Rural 233 156 77 494 203 291
Valluru Rural 699 418 281 1228 524 704
Pedatarimi Rural 151 100 51 295 119 176
Malyada Rural 324 214 110 873 373 500
Venkannapalem Rural 8 6 2 9 4 5
Kanimella Rural 291 198 93 947 448 499
Kamavaram Rural 153 87 66 586 286 300
Pedda Battivalasa Rural 67 41 26 212 110 102
Chinna Battivalasa Rural 199 110 89 448 225 223
Chodamma Agraharam Rural 600 401 199 1293 558 735
Poram Rural 206 124 82 367 181 186
Gaitula Chodavaram Rural 135 85 50 162 62 100
Kanimetta Rural 481 270 211 753 364 389
Alladapalem Rural 403 226 177 527 244 283
Kandivalasa Rural 556 333 223 774 368 406
Nakkanapeta Rural 18 12 6 59 30 29
Govindapuram Rural 594 350 244 757 329 428
Lankalapallipalem Rural 457 243 214 552 252 300
Konayapalem Rural 207 111 96 329 140 189
Chouduvada Rural 271 155 116 630 308 322
Krishnapuram Rural 572 332 240 674 281 393
Gumpam Rural 378 212 166 961 444 517
Kovvada Rural 609 405 204 1144 496 648
Total 36065 22350 13715 57558 25376 32182
Agricultural Labours Main Others
Total Cultivators Population Main House Hold population
Rural/
Village Name Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Parla Rural 115 109 6 487 210 277 0 0 0 63 55 8
Sitamvalasa Rural 157 84 73 178 87 91 3 0 3 12 10 2

Jagannadha
rajapuram Rural 70 52 18 108 81 27 104 77 27 463 355 108
Ranasthalam Rural 563 475 88 1129 462 667 28 22 6 446 369 77
Sitampeta Rural 31 27 4 317 178 139 10 8 2 630 494 136
Muktampuram Rural 22 22 0 130 104 26 1 1 0 89 76 13
Kondamulagam Rural 161 90 71 477 213 264 28 18 10 209 165 44
Gollapalem Rural 66 48 18 247 90 157 1 1 0 4 1 3
Devarapalli Rural 123 102 21 295 146 149 24 10 14 104 71 33
Velpurayi Rural 231 184 47 259 150 109 146 2 144 50 38 12
Komma Sigadam Rural 129 108 21 446 248 198 141 17 124 246 143 103
Arjunavalasa Rural 551 296 255 166 80 86 13 6 7 79 41 38
Girivaripalem Rural 11 9 2 180 96 84 0 0 0 37 31 6
Bantupalli Rural 123 82 41 788 436 352 35 19 16 211 79 132
Tirupatipalem Rural 147 109 38 287 82 205 10 4 6 125 102 23
Sancham Rural 528 327 201 942 455 487 49 27 22 498 292 206
Devuni
Palavalasa Rural 61 41 20 88 29 59 13 8 5 148 84 64
Paidibhimavaram Rural 139 94 45 166 78 88 36 25 11 632 548 84
Varisam Rural 127 66 61 546 276 270 11 4 7 146 131 15
Nelivada Rural 140 102 38 228 110 118 0 0 0 82 72 10
Koshta Rural 311 223 88 1017 566 451 32 21 11 372 313 59
Pishini Rural 349 253 96 511 253 258 9 9 0 79 77 2
Vallabharavupeta Rural 59 52 7 177 150 27 13 13 0 93 84 9
Venkataravupeta Rural 81 37 44 20 5 15 0 0 0 5 5 0
Derasam Rural 553 304 249 391 185 206 0 0 0 115 97 18
Maruvada Rural 162 105 57 373 169 204 16 8 8 36 31 5
Rajam Rural 306 181 125 781 364 417 11 11 0 273 207 66
Jirukovvada Rural 42 38 4 112 54 58 0 0 0 11 8 3
Akkayapalem Rural 134 70 64 239 115 124 72 38 34 27 18 9
Mentada Rural 368 211 157 210 91 119 33 8 25 258 145 113
Naruva Rural 318 161 157 504 243 261 0 0 0 46 39 7
Boyapalem Rural 56 55 1 161 83 78 16 11 5 10 7 3
Chittivalasa Rural 71 70 1 304 171 133 35 18 17 50 44 6
Golagam Rural 426 210 216 217 109 108 23 12 11 33 19 14
Ragolu Rural 260 162 98 504 214 290 1 1 0 127 95 32
Jogirajupeta Rural 20 18 2 101 51 50 0 0 0 20 16 4
Tatipudi Rural 227 114 113 42 23 19 30 19 11 54 29 25
Kottavuru Rural 239 135 104 140 44 96 11 4 7 239 149 90
Alugolu Rural 651 410 241 798 514 284 85 66 19 265 217 48
Gushini Rural 824 492 332 739 245 494 25 16 9 328 237 91
Madhupada Rural 156 90 66 73 35 38 0 0 0 23 16 7
Pinatarimi Rural 56 36 20 76 41 35 5 4 1 15 10 5
Boppadam Rural 391 250 141 612 269 343 99 46 53 208 166 42
Sativada Rural 385 244 141 795 419 376 61 56 5 278 197 81
Ommi Rural 549 336 213 584 294 290 6 5 1 110 79 31
Altipalem Rural 85 47 38 43 22 21 2 2 0 34 15 19
Tammapuram Rural 211 112 99 193 90 103 0 0 0 49 32 17
Valluru Rural 507 278 229 352 176 176 77 41 36 159 112 47
Pedatarimi Rural 91 50 41 106 45 61 0 0 0 70 43 27
Malyada Rural 330 180 150 267 128 139 0 0 0 139 93 46
Venkannapalem Rural 8 5 3 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kanimella Rural 206 142 64 516 234 282 75 45 30 109 70 39
Kamavaram Rural 32 16 16 407 227 180 49 4 45 24 22 2
Pedda Battivalasa Rural 65 42 23 69 18 51 1 0 1 42 37 5
Chinna Battivalasa Rural 113 66 47 163 81 82 1 1 0 101 69 32

Chodamma
Agraharam Rural 158 123 35 658 273 385 35 28 7 184 151 33
Poram Rural 12 11 1 249 146 103 2 2 0 27 26 1

Gaitula
Chodavaram Rural 8 7 1 112 54 58 7 6 1 20 17 3
Kanimetta Rural 161 107 54 405 199 206 16 11 5 110 78 32
Alladapalem Rural 92 68 24 143 67 76 9 5 4 200 149 51
Kandivalasa Rural 165 143 22 443 163 280 7 7 0 174 131 43
Nakkanapeta Rural 7 7 0 36 13 23 0 0 0 6 6 0
Govindapuram Rural 307 167 140 286 148 138 58 33 25 125 103 22
Lankalapallipalem Rural 233 199 34 376 74 302 0 0 0 87 74 13
Konayapalem Rural 89 50 39 98 57 41 6 5 1 72 55 17
Chouduvada Rural 142 77 65 273 129 144 33 14 19 74 68 6
Krishnapuram Rural 281 133 148 254 111 143 13 10 3 189 152 37
Gumpam Rural 164 139 25 287 164 123 4 4 0 136 110 26
Kovvada Rural 226 181 45 518 203 315 48 39 9 209 167 42
Total 14182 9034 5148 23202 11141 12061 1679 872 807 9689 7242 2447
ANNEXURE-I
MEAN METEOROLOGY
Average Mean Meteorology
WND Stability
HRS (Deg) WND WNS Class Mixing Height
0 135 SE 0.63 5 200
1 129 SE 0.53 5 200
2 180 S 0.49 5 100
3 190 S 0.54 5 100
4 170 S 0.56 5 50
5 190 S 0.64 5 50
6 185 S 0.62 5 50
7 232 SW 0.68 2 200
8 229 SW 0.65 2 400
9 220 SW 0.56 2 500
10 245 WSW 0.61 1 500
11 210 SSW 0.64 1 800
12 230 SW 0.72 1 600
13 200 SSW 0.84 1 500
14 225 SW 0.93 2 500
15 230 SW 0.93 2 500
16 230 SW 0.78 2 500
17 242 WSW 0.76 5 500
18 250 WSW 0.58 5 500
19 251 WSW 0.54 5 400
20 265 W 0.58 5 400
21 225 SW 0.66 5 300
22 220 SW 0.76 5 300
23 200 SSW 0.75 5 200
ANNEXURE-J
PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES
ANNEXURE - J
ANNEXURE-K
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
ANNEXURE - K
ANNEXURE-L
FLOOD ZONATION MAP
ANNEXURE - L

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DRAFT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

PROPOSED FERRO ALLOY PLANT

Sancham Village, Ranastalam Mandal,

M/s. REFULGENT ALLOYS N STEEL LIMITED

SRI SAI MANASA NATURE TECH PVT. LIMITED

F. No. J-11011/42/2011-IA-II (I)

SNO TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE

M/s Refulgent Alloys N Steels Limited propose to set up a Ferro Alloy

1. Ferro Manganese (FeMn) – 77,890 TPA

2. Silico-Manganese (SiMn) – 57,400 TPA

3. Ferro Silicon (FeSi) – 27,264 TPA

6 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

 Raw Material Handling

 Electrical Smelting - Submerged Electrical Arc (SEA) Furnace

 Casting and Finishing

The metal is then cast by means of a continuous casting machine, which

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FERRO ALLOY PLANT

8.2 Air Environment

S. No Parameter Value CPCB Std’s

8.3 Noise Environment

S.No Parameter Value CPCB Std’s

Note: CPCB Std’s

8.4 Water Environment

Water sample analysis results

Parameter Ground Water Surface Water IS 10500

Total Dissolved Solids, 476 - 960 168 - 222 2000

Chlorides, mg/l. 44.1 - 632 35.5 - 77.9 1000

8.5 Soil Environment

Soil samples were collected from the study area.

Parameter Study Area Values

P.H 6.96 – 7.35

8.6 Ecological Environment

8.7 Social Economic Status

 Number of households in the study area are 20,547 with 4 - 5 persons

 Total working population in the study area is 52.1%. of this main

9 IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

9.1 Impacts due to Air Emissions

S. Sources Nature of Emission

Overall Scenario in the Study Area

24 Hourly Particulate Sulphur Oxides of

Baseline Scenario (Max) 44.50 8.50 12.3

Predicted Ground Level

Overall Scenario 47.2 16.53 16.59

CPCB Standard for Industrial, Rural 100 80 80

9.2 Impact on Noise Environment

Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated is expected to be less than 60 db

9.3 Impact on Water Environment

9.4 Impact on Soil Environment

Bagfilters Dust will be disposed to cement manufacturing units, where this

Apart from these there is no storage/ generation of hazardous waste in this

Landscaping can be done around the administrative building, tanks etc

10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

To effectively implement the environmental management plan, the

10.1 Air Pollution Management

1. Installation of Reverse Pulse Jet Bag Filters to arrest dust at source.

10.2 Noise Pollution Management

4. Introduction of control and monitoring rooms with good sound insulation

10.3 Water Pollution Management

10.4 Soil Pollution Management

11 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

A well planned Emergency Management Plan in focusing on fire safety

*$Tf…&é ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é yês¡T |üsê´es¡D Á|üuÛ≤e|ü⁄ n<Ûä´j·Tq |ü]o\q ìs¡«Væ≤+∫].