Capital University of Science and

Technology

Calculus and Analytic

y
Geometry
MT 1013 – Fall 2016

Dr. Rashid Ali

Dr
Department of Mathematics
Capital University of Science and Technology

1. Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems

 The Cartesian coordinates

of the P are (x, y, z)
 Also called rectangular
coordinates. ?

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 2

1
 1. Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems
 z = 0, xy-plane
 x = 0, yz-plane
 y = 0, xxz-plane
pa e
 8 octants

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 3

1. Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems

The planes:
x = 2, y = 3 and
z=2
determine three
lines through the
point (2, 3, 5).

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 4

2
Example: Interpreting Equations and Inequalities
Geometrically

The half-space consisting of the points

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM
on and above the xy-plane.
The plane perpendicular to the x-axis at
x = – 3. This plane lies parallel to the
yz-plane & 3 units behind it.
The second quadrant of the xy-plane.
The first octant.
The slab b/w the pplanes y = – 1 & y = 1
and (planes included).
The line in which the planes y = – 2 &
z = 2 intersect. Alternatively, the line
through (0,– 2, 2) parallel to the x-axis.
Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 5

Example: Graphing Equations

 What points P(x, y, z) satisfy
the equations
x 2  y 2  4 and z  3 ?

 The points lie in the horizontal

plane z = 3 and, in this plane,
make up the circle x2+y2 = 4.
 We call this set of points “the
circle x2+y2 = 4 in the plane z
=3 ”

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 6

3
 2: Distance Formula in R3

Example: The distance between

(2,1,5) and (–2,30) is 6.708
approx.

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 7

Equation of Sphere in R3

Example:

Ans:
 3  21
  , 0 , 2  and r 
 2  2

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 8

4
Example: Interpreting Equations and Inequalities

The interior of the sphere x2+y2+z2=4.

The solid ball bounded by the sphere

Alternatively, the sphere together with
its interior.

The exterior of the sphere of radius 2

centered at origin without its surface
Lower hemisphere of radius 2 center at
the origin

09-Dec-16 3:39 PM Dr Rashid Ali | Multivariable Calculus 9