Physics 10 ICSE Solution 9

ICSE X | PHYSICS
Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution
ICSE Board
Class X Physics
Sample Paper – 4 Solution
Section I
Answer 1
(a) Potential energy at height h = mgh

m×g×20/mxgx30 2/3
Ratio of the potential energies of two bodies = = = 2:3
(a) The moment of force increases with an increase in the perpendicular distance between
the point of application of force and the axis of rotation. In a jack screw, a long handle
increases the moment of force due to which it can be operated with less force.
(b) Using a single fixed pulley, the effort required to lift a load is equal to the load itself in
an ideal situation. However, in actual practice, there is always some friction between
the string and the surface of the rim of the pulley. So, the effort required is greater than
the load to be lifted, i.e. mechanical advantage is less than 1. Yet, it is widely used
because
i. It is always easier to apply an effort in the downward direction rather than in the
upward direction. Thus, it helps in changing the direction of effort.
ii. One can use one's own body weight while applying effort in the downward
direction.
(c) In a block and tackle system of pulleys, velocity ratio is equal to the number of pulleys.
Therefore, the number of pulleys will be 5 in this system.
Diagram:
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(e) Mechanical advantage = L = L = 1 = 1 =l

Lsinθ sinθ h l H
E
Velocity ratio = dE =CB = l
dL AB h
Answer 2
(a) The fundamental frequency of the violin string is 196 Hz.
Now, the frequency of the nth harmonic is given as vn = nv1. Hence, the
frequency of the second harmonic = 2 × 196 = 392 Hz. Also, the
frequency of the fourth harmonic = 4 × 196 = 784 Hz.
(b) Conditions necessary for total internal reflection:
i. A ray of light must travel from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer
medium.
ii. The angle of incidence in the optically denser medium must be greater than the
critical angle.
(c)
(a) The angle of deviation of a prism depends on the following:
i. Angle of incidence of light on its face.
ii. Refracting angle of the prism.
iii. Refractive index of the prism.
iv. Wavelength (or the colour) of the light used.
(b) The angle of deviation is maximum for violet light and minimum for red light.
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Answer 3
(a) The object is placed at a distance smaller than the focal length.
(b)
(a) Water has maximum density at 4°C, and it decreases as the temperature is lowered to
0°C. Thus, the temperature steadily increases from 0°C in contact with the layer of ice to
4°C as we go deeper towards the bottom of the lake.
(b) The two bodies may have different masses and different materials due to which their
thermal capacities will also be different. Thus, the two bodies will not necessarily attain
⎛ T + T' ⎞
the mean temperature⎜ ⎟ , but if their masses and thermal capacities are equal,
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ T + T' ⎞ they

could attain the mean temperature⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ 2 ⎠
(a) No, it is not always true. If the resistance in the circuit R is large enough compared to
the total internal resistance of the cells in the series, the current will be more than that
produced by one cell.
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Answer 4
(a) The loss of energy along the transmission line is proportional to the square of the
current. Hence, the transmission of electrical energy is economical at a high voltage and
a low current.
(b) We know that i = V/R.
If the resistance is reduced to half, then the current will become double, i.e. 2i.
(c) Looking at the face of the coil, if the current around that face is in an anticlockwise
direction, then the face has north polarity, while if the current at that face is in the
clockwise direction, then the face has south polarity. This can also be tested by using a
compass needle.
(a) A neutron in the nucleus of the β-emitter radioactive element is converted to a proton
and an electron.
1
n → 1 H + −
0e + ν
0 1 1
The electron so created leaves the nucleus immediately.
(a) Use of coated tungsten:
Tungsten has a high work function of 4.52 eV. It emits electrons when it is heated up to
a temperature of 2500 K, but when it is coated with a suitable coating material, its work
function decreases and it can emit electrons even at low temperatures.
Examples:
i. For thoriated tungsten (coated with carbon and thorium), the work function
reduces to 2.6 eV and it emits electrons when heated up to 2000 K.
ii. In case of tungsten coated with barium and strontium oxide, the work function
reduces to 1 eV which emits electrons when heated up to 1000 K.
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Section II (40 Marks)
Answer 5
(a) Consider a body of mass m at a height h from the earth's surface which falls freely
under gravity, i.e. at position A in the figure.
Let us now calculate the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy at different
positions. Say, at A, B and C.
At point A:
Kinetic energy = 0 (since ua = 0 at A)
Potential energy = mgh
Total energy = KE + PE ...... (1)
= 0 + mgh = mgh
At point B:
1 mv2
Kinetic energy =
B
From the third equation of

motion, v2B = u2A +2gx
But uA = 0
v2B = 0+2gx
1
∴Kinetic energy = m ×2gx = mgx
2
Potential energy = mg (h −
x) So, total energy = KE + PE
= mgx + mg (h − x) ……(2) = mgh

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At point C (on the earth’s surface):

1 mv2
Kinetic energy =
C
From the third equation of motion,
v C2 = u2A +2gh

⇒ v 2 C = 2gh
m ×2gh =
∴Kinetic energy = 1 mgh
2
Potential energy = mg × 0 = 0
So, total energy = KE + PE
……(3
= mgh + 0 = mgh )
Thus, it is clear from equations (1), (2) and (3) that the total energy of the body
always remains constant at each point of motion.
(b)
i. Force exerted by the boy = mg = 80 kg × 10 m s−2 = 800 N Work

done by the boy = Fs = 800 N × (50 × 0.20 m) = 8000 J
i. Gain in PE by the boy = Total work done = 8000 J
ii. Power developed by the body = W/t = 8000 J/20 s = 400 W

Power in HP = 400/746 = 0.53 HP
Power in kW = 400/1000 = 0.40 kW
(a) We know that kinetic energy is Ek = 1/2 mv2

i. If the mass of the body is doubled at a constant velocity, then the kinetic energy will
be
= 2
⎛
(2m) × mv
1
v2
1
2
⎞ = 2E
⎟
2 ⎜ K
⎝ 2 ⎠
i.e. it will be twice the initial kinetic energy.

i. If the velocity of the body is doubled at a constant mass, then the kinetic energy will
be
1 2 ⎛ 1 2 ⎞
m ×(2v) = 4 ⎜ mv ⎟ = 4EK
2 2
⎝ ⎠
i.e. it will be four times the initial kinetic energy.
i. If the mass of the body is doubled and the velocity is reduced to half, then the kinetic
energy will be
1 (2m)×⎛ v ⎞2 = 1 ×2m× v2
⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 4
E
m k
1 ⎛ 1 v 2 ⎞= 1
⎜ ⎟
2 2
⎝ 2 ⎠
i.e. it will be half the initial kinetic energy.

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Answer 6
(a)
i.
i. This is due to the unequal refraction of rays diverging from the lower and upper
ends of the sun. The rays from the lower edge have to go through a greater thickness
of air than the rays from the upper edge. So, the vertical diameter appears to be
diminished in size, whereas the horizontal diameter remains unaltered.
ii. Yes, the rays from the virtual image diverge after reflection but they can be
converged on to a photographic plate by the lens of the camera, forming a real
image.
(a) Cotton clothes become slightly yellowish after being washed with soap. When indigo
solution is added, the clothes reflect blue light, which combines with yellow light, giving
white clothes a pleasing bright white colour.
(b) Focal length of a convex lens is determined by the following two methods:
i. Distant object method
ii. Auxiliary plane mirror method

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Answer 7
(a) No, echoes and resonant vibrations are two different phenomena. An echo is caused
by reflection of sound from a distant obstacle, while resonant vibrations are
produced when the frequencies of vibrating sources become equal. Let d be the
distance of the enemy plane from the radar. The waves from the radar travel a
distance (d + d) = 2d before being detected. The time taken for this purpose is 0.02
ms (or 2 × 10−5 s). Hence, the velocity of the waves is

2
v= d= 2d
t 2 ×10−5s
= 3 ×108 m
2d s−1
−
5 s
2 ×10
3 108 m s −1 2 10 −5s
∴d = × ×
= 3×103 m = 3 km 2
(a) Heat required to boil 10 kg of water at 100°C

is Q1 = mL
= 10 kg × 2268 J/g
= (10 × 1000) g × 2268 J/g
Q1 = 2268 × 104 J

Heat required to raise the temperature of 10 kg of water from 0°C to 100°C
T
is Q2 = mc Δ
Given: m = 10 kg = 1000 g, c = 4.2 J/g K, ΔT = (100 − 0)°C = 100°C or 100

K Q2 = 104 g × 4.2 J/g K × 100 K
= 420 × 104 J
2268×104
Ratio = Q1 = J = 5.4
Q2 420×104 J
(a) Let x g be the amount of water converted to ice.
Heat lost = 400 × 10−3 kg × 1000 cal kg−1 K−1 × [5 − (−9)] K + 200 × 10−3 kg × 1000
cal kg−1
K−1 × [10 − (−9)] K + x × 10−3 kg × 80000 cal
kg−1 Heat lost = (400 × 14 + 200 × 19 + 80x) cal
Heat gained = 400 × 10−3 kg × 500 cal kg−1 K−1 × [−9 − (−60)] K
= 200 × 51 cal

Now, Heat lost = Heat gained
400 × 14 + 200 × 19 + 80x = 200 ×

51 5600 + 3800 + 80x = 10200
9400 + 80x = 10200
80x = 800
x = 10g
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Answer 8
29
(a) Time between successive claps = s (There are 49 gaps between 50 claps). 49
Distance travelled by sound (i.e. to the wall and back) = 2 × 100 m = 200 m.
= 337.9 m/s ≈ 340

So, speed of sound = 200m m/s.
⎛ 29 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
s
49
⎝ ⎠
(b)
A man standing on the bank of the river appears taller to a fish viewing him obliquely
from under water.
(a) Let the specific latent heat of fusion of ice be L.

Heat gained by ice = Heat lost by water
miceL + mice Cw (10 − 0) = mwcw (50 − 10)
65 L + 65 × 4.2 × 10 = 150 × 4.2 × 40 L =
25200 −2730 = 22470 = 345.69 J/g
65 65
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Answer 9
(a)
The units of electricity consumed in a month =
n ×p × t
1000
Given: Number of days in April, n = 30

Power consumed by a table lamp, P = 60
W Units of electricity consumed = 9
The lamp is used for ‘t’ hours per day on an average.
9 KW h = 30d ×60W ×t hrs/day

1000
Or t = 9 ×1000 h
30 ×60
On an average, the lamp is used for 5 hours per day.
(a) Resistors R2, R3 and R4 are in series. They can be
i. Replaced by an equivalent resistance R’, where

R’ = R2 + R3 + R4 = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9Ω
Resistor R5 = (3Ω) and R’ = (9Ω) are in parallel between the points C and D.
The equivalent resistance between points C and D is R“, where
1 1 1 1 3 +1 4
= + or = = ⇒ R" = 2.25 Ω
R" 3 9 R" 9 9
The equivalent resistance between C and D is R” = 2.25Ω.

ii. Resistors R1 = (3Ω), R” = (2.25Ω) and R6 = (3Ω) are in series between the points A
and B. The equivalent resistance between A and B is R, where
R = R1 + R” + R6 = 3 + 2.25 + 3 = 8.25Ω
100×25
(c) REF = = 20Ω
100 +25
120×120
RDF = = 60Ω
120 +120
160×40
RAB = RCF = = 32Ω
160 + 40
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Answer 10
(a) In one fission reaction, the sum of masses of product nuclei is less than the sum of mass of
the parent nucleus and neutron.
92U + 0n 56Ba + 36 Kr + 3 0n + Energy
235 1 144 89 1
Mass of neutron = 1.01 amu

Mass of 235 92U = 234.99 amu
Mass of 144 56Ba = 143.87 amu
Mass of 3689Kr = 88.90 amu
92U + Mass of 1 neutron) – (Mass of 144

Loss in mass = ∆m = (Mass of 235 56Ba + Mass of 3689Kr +
Mass of 3 neutrons)
= [(234.99 + 1.01) − (143.87 + 88.9 + 3 × 1.01)
= 0.2 amu
= 190 MeV
(b) A =
α-particles B
= γ-rays
C = β-particles
(c) Mass of electron
= 9.1091 × 10−31 kg
= 0.00055 amu
= 0.511 MeV
Mass of proton
= 1.6725 × 10−27 kg
= 1.00727 amu
= 938.3 MeV
Mass of neutron
= 1.6748 × 10−27 kg
= 1.00865 amu
= 939 MeV

Physics 10 ICSE Solution 9

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ICSE X | PHYSICS

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

Sample Paper – 4 Solution

(a) Potential energy at height h = mgh

(e) Mechanical advantage = L = L = 1 = 1 =l

(a) The fundamental frequency of the violin string is 196 Hz.

(b) Conditions necessary for total internal reflection:

(a) The angle of deviation of a prism depends on the following​:

i. Angle of incidence of light on its face.

ii. Refracting angle of the prism.

iii. Refractive index of the prism.

iv. Wavelength (or the colour) of the light used.

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

⎛​ T ​+​ T' ​⎞​ ​they

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

(b) We know that i = V/R.

The electron so created leaves the nucleus immediately.

(a) Use of coated tungsten:

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

Section II (40 Marks)

From the third equation of

= mgx + mg (h − x) ……(2) = mgh

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

At point C (on the earth’s surface):

From the third equation of motion,

v ​C​2​ ​=​ u​2​A​ ​+​2gh

i. Force exerted by the boy = mg = 80 kg ​×​ 10 m s​−2​ = 800 N Work

i. Gain in PE by the boy = Total work done = 8000 J

ii. Power developed by the body = W/t = 8000 J/20 s = 400 W

Power in kW = 400/1000 = 0.40 kW

(a) We know that kinetic energy is E​k​ = 1/2 mv​2

i.e. it will be twice the initial kinetic energy.

i.e. it will be four times the initial kinetic energy.

i.e. it will be half the initial kinetic energy.

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

i. Distant object method

ii. Auxiliary plane mirror method

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

ms (or 2 ​×​ 10​−5​ s). Hence, the velocity of the waves is

(a) Heat required to boil 10 kg of water at 100°C

= 10 kg ​×​ 2268 J/g

= (10 ​×​ 1000) g ​×​ 2268 J/g

Q​1​ = 2268 × 10​4​ J

Given: m = 10 kg = 1000 g, c = 4.2 J/g K, ΔT = (100 − 0)°C = 100°C or 100

(a) Let x g be the amount of water converted to ice.

= 200 ​×​ 51 cal

400 ​×​ 14 + 200 ​×​ 19 + 80x = 200 ​×

9400 + 80x = 10200

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

= 337.9 m/s ≈ 340

(a) Let the specific latent heat of fusion of ice be L.

m​ice​L + m​ice​ C​w​ (10 − 0) = m​w​c​w​ (50 − 10)

65 L + 65 × 4.2 × 10 = 150 × 4.2 × 40 ​L =

25200 ​−​2730 ​=​ 22470 ​=​ ​345.69 J/g

Silver Series – Sample Paper – 4 Solution

The units of electricity consumed in a month =

Given: Number of days in April, n = 30

The lamp is used for ‘t’ hours per day on an average.

9 KW h =​ 30d ​×​60W ​×​t hrs/day

On an average, the lamp is used for 5 hours per day.

i. Replaced by an equivalent resistance R​’​, where

The equivalent resistance between points C and D is R​“​, where

The equivalent resistance between C and D is R​”​ = 2.25Ω.

R = R​1​ + R​”​ + R​6​ = 3 + 2.25 + 3 = 8.25Ω

(a) The angle of deviation of a prism depends on the following:

⎛ T + T' ⎞ they

v C2 = u2A +2gh

i. Force exerted by the boy = mg = 80 kg × 10 m s−2 = 800 N Work

(a) We know that kinetic energy is Ek = 1/2 mv2

ms (or 2 × 10−5 s). Hence, the velocity of the waves is

= 10 kg × 2268 J/g

= (10 × 1000) g × 2268 J/g

Q1 = 2268 × 104 J

= 200 × 51 cal

400 × 14 + 200 × 19 + 80x = 200 ×

miceL + mice Cw (10 − 0) = mwcw (50 − 10)

65 L + 65 × 4.2 × 10 = 150 × 4.2 × 40 L =

25200 −2730 = 22470 = 345.69 J/g

9 KW h = 30d ×60W ×t hrs/day

i. Replaced by an equivalent resistance R’, where

The equivalent resistance between points C and D is R“, where

The equivalent resistance between C and D is R” = 2.25Ω.

R = R1 + R” + R6 = 3 + 2.25 + 3 = 8.25Ω

92U + Mass of 1 neutron) – (Mass of 144