XI C
THE INTERSECTION OF A PLANE WITH A CONE,
THE SECTION SO OBTAINED IS CALLED A
CONIC SECTION
l
Axis
Upper Generator
nappe α β m
V
This is a conic section.
Lower
nappe
TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS
CIRCLE
A CIRCLE IS THE P (x,y)
SET OF ALL
POINTS ON A O
P(x,y)
(h,k)
C
O (0,0)
PLANE,
WHOSE SUM OF F
¹
F
²
DISTANCES FROM TWO
FIXED TWO REMAINS
CONSTANT.
Vertical Ellipse α β
(0,a)
Horizontal Ellipse
(0,c)
(0,b)
O
(-b,0) (b,0)
(-a,0) (-c ,0) (c, 0) (a,0)
(0,-c)
x² y² x² y²
(0,-a) — + —= 1 —+ —= 1 (0,-b)
b² a² a² b²
A PARABOLA IS THE A
B
Y Y
Horizontal Parabola Horizontal Parabola
x = +a
x = -a
X' O X X' O X
F(-a,0) F(a,0)
β
y² = -4ax Y' y² = 4ax
Y' α
Y Y
y=a
O F(0,a)
X' X
X' O X
F(0,-a)
Vertical Parabola Vertical Parabola
y = -a
x² = 4ay Y'
x² = -4ay When α = β, the section is an parabola
Y'
TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS
HYPERBOLA
A
A HYPERBOLA IS THE
SET OF ALL POINTS,THE
DIFFERENCE OF WHOSE F ( focus) (verte
V
x)
(verte
x) V F ( focus)
(0 ,a)
O
- (0 ,-a)
Conjugate axis
F (0 ,-c)
Transverse ²
O axis
F( -c ,0) F (c ,0)
¹ (-a ,0) (a ,0) ² y² x²
x² y²
— - —= 1 — - —= 1
a² b² a² b²
When 0 ≤ β < α; the plane cuts through both the nappes & the
curves of intersection is a hyperbola
SUNDIAL HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID