Calculus 2 (BT) Homework Assignment #1 Fall 2019

Deadline: 4:30 pm on Monday, September 30, 2019 (in class).

Remarks: Students should write the solutions in A4-papers size (or similar size) and stable
all the papers together. The solutions must be in the order as listed. The Assignment #1
consists of 30 questions.

These following questions (24 questions) are selected from Chapter 7 in the text-
book entitled “Biocalculus: Calculus, Probability, and Statistics for the Life Sci-
ences” by J. Stewart and T. Day, 2016 (please use the correct textbook).
Section 7.1: 1, 2, 7, 8, 14.
Section 7.2: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13.
Section 7.3: 21, 23, 24, 25.
Section 7.4: 3, 4, 11, 12, 40, 41, 43, 44.
Remark: For Q.43 and 44 in Section 7.4, one can use the method for first order linear differen-
tial equations.

1. The population size of a species satisfies the following logistic growth model:
dP P
= k(1 − )P
dt N
where P (t) is the size of population at time t, the constant N > 0 is called the carrying capacity.
Let P0 denote the initial population size. Assume 0 < P0 < N .
(a) By separating of variable, show that the general solution of logistic equation is

N N − P0
P (t) = −kt
where b =
1 + be P0
(b) Show that lim P (t) = N.
t→∞
2. Find the solution to the model for the dynamics of the concentration of a drug in the
bloodstream:
dy
= A − ky
dt
where A > 0 and k > 0 are constants.
dy
3. Solve the following DE: + 2y = 2ex .
dx
dy
4. Solve the following initial value problem (IVP): + 3y = e2x , y (0) = −1.
dx

5. Suppose that x = x(t) (thousands of predators) and y = x(t) (thousands of prey) satisfy
the Lotka-Volterra model:
dx dy
= −3x + xy, = 2y − xy.
dt dt
Suppose that at a time when there are 1000 predators, there are 1000 preys.
(a) Find the equilibrium solutions.
(b) Find an equation relating x and y.

1
Calculus 2 (BT) Homework Assignment #1 Fall 2019

6∗ . (Pollutant modeling) Assume a lake of water with the volume V containing Q(t) amount of
pollutant, evenly distributed throughout the lake with a concentration c(t) = Q/V (t). Suppose
water from a river containing a concentration k of pollutant enters the lake at a rate r (in units
of volume/time) per time, and water to a canal leaves the lake with the same rate (hence, the
volume of the lake is a constant). Furthermore, suppose that pollutants are also added directly
to the lake by humans at a constant rate P . Express the evolution of the amount of pollutant
in the lake as a differential equation.
(a) If at time t = 0, the concentration of pollutant at the lake is c0 , find an expression for the
concentration c(t) as a function of time.
(b) What happens to the concentration as t → ∞? Given k = 1, P = 3, r = 1 (in units of
volume/time).

dQ
Hint: Modeling =“enter-rate”-“leave-rate”.
dt
-THE END-

Remark: Below is a picture for the cover of the textbook.