Switchgear presentation

1. 1. Nadir Baloch T.A 175 Switchgear & Maintenance

2. 2. SWITCHGEAR switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or
circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used
both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
3. 3. Switchgear
4. 4. Types: LV Switchgear MV Switchgear Generally electrical switchgear rated upto 1 KV is
termed as low voltage switchgear The most common use of LV switchgear is in LV
distribution board.
5. 5. THE ROLE OF SWITCHGEAR IS : ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SAFE ISOLATION
FROM LIVE PARTS LOCAL OR REMOTE SWITCHING The basic functions of Switchgear
6. 6. Periodic Maintenance Preventive Maintenance a) 2 yearly Maintenance b) 4 yearly
Maintenance Importance Of PM Through such PM, troubles can be detected in the Early
stages and corrective actions can be taken before extensive damage occurs.
7. 7. The most common use of LV switchgear is in LV distribution board. This system has the
following parts Incomer The incomer feeds incoming electrical power to the incomer bus. The
switchgear used in the incomer should have a main switching device. The switchgear
devices attached with incomer should be capable of withstanding abnormal current for a
short specific duration in order to allow downstream devices to operate. Generally Air Circuit
Breakers are preferably used as interrupting device. Sub – Incomer These sub – incomers
draw power from main incomer bus and feed this power to feeder bus Feeders Different
feeders are connected to the feeder bus to feeds different loads like, motor loads, lighting
loads, industrial machinery loads, air conditioner loads, transformer cooling system loads etc.
8. 8. Main Transformer Incomer
9. 9. Main Components Of Switchgears
10. 10. Busbar Busbar is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminium that conducts electricity
within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, The cross-sectional size of the busbar
determines the maximum amount of current Used to interconnect the loads and sources of
electrical power.
11. 11. Busbar Specification Manufacturer: Nova Magrini Gallilio Type of Busbar : Copper (
Insulated with Silver coated joints) Busbar Rating : 1500 Amp Method Of Cleaning : Clean
with Lint Free Cloth Busbar Dimensions : 2*100*8 mm Busbar Maintenance Full Bus Bar
Inspection check for overheating signs, visual inspection of Cu plate and nut bolts. cleaning
of incoming/outgoing spouts. Remove dust with vacuum cleaner. Cleaning and lubricating
mechanical links with contact grease. Check operating mechanism of shutter. Contact
Resistance of Electrical joints. Check IR to earth and between phases on busbar and
outgoing circuits @ 2500V
12. 12. Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its
basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow
13. 13. This type of circuit breakers, is those kind of circuit breaker which operates in air at
atmospheric pressure.  ACBs are still preferable choice up to voltage 15 KV It is also
good choice to avoid the risk of oil fire, in case of oil circuit breaker. Operation Of ACB The
first objective is usually achieved by forcing the arc into contact with as large an area as
possible of insulating material. Every air circuit breaker is fitted with a chamber surrounding
the contact. This chamber is called ‘arc chute’. The arc is driven into it. If inside of the arc
chute is suitably shaped, and if the arc can be made conform to the shape, the arc chute wall
will help to achieve cooling.
14. 14. Air Circuit Breakers : Charging method Circuit breaker closing springs may be
compressed manually or by means of a small electric motor. The closing coil is charged by
manual charging handle. For closing, first charge the spring by using the charging handle
15. 15. Maintenance of Air Circuit Breaker LV Circuit Breakers operating at 600 volt and below,
should be inspected Maintained every 1 to 4 years depending on their services and
operating Conditions. Conditions that make frequency maintenance and inspection are
necessary: High humidity and High temp Dusty or Dirty Atmosphere Corrosive
Atmosphere
16. 16. Inspection & Cleaning Insulating parts including bushing should be cleaned of dust
Clean & inspect Arc Chutes for Cracks, Broken Parts . Replace Damage Parts Inspect
Breaker Operating Mechanism for loose hardware & missing or broken etc Examine for
wears Check Rack in/ out mechanism for normel operation Lubricate if necessary
Check tightness of all terminations Contacts maintenance Arcing contacts to be verified for
burn off To be adjusted or exchanged that arc contacts simultaneoslu when closing
Permissible tolerance 1mm Adjust lead of arcing contacts from main contacts such that when
arc contacts Meet then distance between
17. 17. Insulation Resistance Test (Megger) Load and line conductors should disconnected from
the breaker to make Test. IR between phases and phases w.r.t ground with breaker closed.
the result is compared against manufacturer/ pervious data For breaker being tested. Cycling
the breaker On & Off the breaker several times to check the correct operation Of breaker.
Verify For Loop Check Insert circuit breaker at test position and on & off the breaker from
remote location
18. 18. Current Transformer A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating
electric currents
19. 19. Current transformer are used in electrical power system for stepping down currents of the
system for metering and protection purpose. A CT functions with the same basic working
principle of electrical power transformer CT steps down rated system current to 1 Amp or 5
Amp. Because the relays and meters are generally designed for 1 Amp, 5 Amp and 110V
20. 20. Relay Relays is automatic device which senses an abnormal condition of electrical circuit
and closes its contacts. these contacts in turns close and complete the circuit breaker trip
coil circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped
21. 21. Protective Relay Testing Why do we use protective relays? Their main duty is to isolate a
faulty section within few cycles Periodic Maintenance Testing After a relay is commissioned
it’s important to carry out regular maintenance tests. Some of the advantages of such
testing can be stated as, it will pin point a defective relay before it fails to act during a fault
Methods of Testing Steady State: steady state testing is for checking the relay pick up.
Injected current, voltage. when the current is raised and then fluctuated around pick up.
Dynamic state Time for relay operation is measured.
22. 22. Freja 300 The FREJA 300 relay testing system is a computer-aided relay testing system
by injecting current and voltage.
23. 23. Testing Principles There are two main principles as primary injection and secondary
injection. • Primary injection- High current is injected to primary side of the CT. Test carried
out covers CT, conductors, relay and sometimes circuit breaker as well. The relay unit has to
be isolated from the power system. Usually this principle is used at commissioning and also
if the secondary of the CT is not accessible. • Secondary injection - Relay is disconnected
from the CT and the stepped down current is directly injected to relay.
24. 24. General Precautions to be taken Check the Electrical Isolation First During maintenance
Earth MUST be connected Before maintenance of breaker spring must be discharge. Don’t
use compressed air on breaker Don’t use file or emery paper for contacts cleaning
Inspection Inside Switchgear Room Switchgear environment (switch room access and
surrounds, including fence and external walls if outdoors. Signs of water Signs of
unauthorized access Condition of firefighting equipment and warning notices General
Housekeeping