Computers
Essential Understanding of
Computers and Computer
Operations
Topics
The term “computer”
Four basic computer operations
Data and information
Principal components of computer
Data storage devices and usage
Software
The Internet & WWW
What is a Computer?
A programmable machine that inputs,
processes, and outputs information
An electronic device for storing and
processing data
Composed of hardware and software
Can exist in a variety of sizes and
configurations
Examples
What Do Computers Do?
Input, Process, Output, & Store data
Store Data
Input, Processing, Storage,
and Output Devices
What is Data?
The raw material of information
Contain facts w/o interpretations
The information entered into, and stored
within a computer or file
Used by applications to accomplish tasks
Unprocessed information
E.g. text, numbers, images, audio, & video
What is Information?
Contains meaning, knowledge, instruction,
communication, & representation of data
Result of processing, manipulating and
organizing data in a way that adds to the
knowledge of the person receiving it
The output of information systems
Flow of Computing
Data Processing Information
Example
Retrieve data
Pat Brown
1001 Jump Street Calculate weekly wage:
Shoreline, WA 98123 $25 X 40 hours = $1000
$25 per hour
Send information to
40 hours
output device
Principal Components of
Computer
Input devices
System units
Storage (memory) devices
Importance of Saving
Output devices
Input Devices
Keyboard, mouse, scanner, & etc
System Units
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Secondary Storage Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main processor of a computer that makes
everything work
Interprets & carries out the basic instructions
Performs all the instruction, logic, &
mathematical processing
Storage (memory) Devices
Two types:
Primary & Secondary
Primary:
Temporary memory for dynamic access by the
processor (CPU)
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Secondary:
For large data storage, e.g. hard disk drive
RAM is much faster than disk drives for
dynamically interacting with the processor
Random Access Memory
(RAM) – the Primary Memory
Temporarily stores instructions and data waiting
to be processed by the processor
Memory units are measured in kilobytes,
megabytes, or gigabytes
1 kilobytes = 1,000 bytes
= 1,000 memory locations ≈ 1,000 characters
1 megabyte (MB) = 1 million memory locations
1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion memory locations
E.g. 512 MB = 512 million characters
1 MB can hold approx. 500 pages of text
Secondary Memory (Semi-
permanent)
Magnetic Disks
Hard disks, floppy disks, zip disks
Optical Disks
CD-ROM, CD-R (Recordable), CD-RW, DVD
Flash Memory Cards
USB flash drive: Small, lightweight, & large
storage capacity
Importance of Saving and
Saving Often
When using an application, data is stored in
RAM temporarily
When the file, application, or computer
closes, the data in the RAM is erased
Where do I save the files?
At the Lab: Removable disks such as floppy, zip,
or USB.
At home: Hard drive (C:\) or any removable disk.
Never remove a disk while the light flashes
Saving on an existing file replaces the old
data with new (Save vs. Save As)
Importance of Data Backup
All secondary storage devices such as floppy
and hard drive disks eventually fail, and you
lose the data
Make backup files weekly, if not daily
If you have a computer, use the hard drive or
a removable disk as your backup
Otherwise, use the second removable disk
Output Devices
Printers
Monitors
and more
Personal Computers
PC, Mac, and other microcomputers
Desktop, Laptop, PDA
Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc.
Increasingly more capable, portable,
affordable, and mobile
System Software
Manages computer operations
Instructs computer how to perform functions of
loading, storing, and executing an application
software and how to transfer data
Examples: Windows, Mac OS, Linux, & etc.
Application Software
Programs that tell a computer how to perform
tasks and produce information
Categories:
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation graphics
Web and Internet access
Desktop publishing / image editing / multimedia
editing
The Internet and WWW
The Internet is the world’s largest network
Uses:
Send messages (e-mail)
Access a wealth of information
Electronic commerce
Online meeting
Access entertainment and multimedia
WWW (World Wide Web)
The more popular component of the Internet
Web page: A document containing text, hyperlinks, images,
& other multimedia contents
Web site: A collection of Web pages
Communications Devices
Modem
Network card
Router
Wireless modem, network card, & router