Clean Steam is a general term used to and then distilled thus removing any 304L, 316 and 316L stainless steel and
describe a range of steam pureness. It traces of organics, bacteria, and pyro- higher alloys such as Inconel. While
may be generated by such methods as: gens. Pure steam is required for the these materials have proven
● Filtration of plant steam typically sterilization of cell culture processing themselves in practice, it should be
requiring the removal of particles equipment such as incubators where noted that there are currently no U.S.
larger than 5 microns contaminants could adversely affect governmental standards specifying
● An independent steam generator. cell growth. Other uses include pharm- materials for clean steam service.
E.g. Stainless steel reboiler fed with aceutical manufacture and direct steam Regulatory agencies concern them-
distilled water. injection pasteurization where contami- selves with the purity and quality of the
nants could collect in products intended product, leaving the design standards
● One stage of a multi-effect still within for human consumption. entirely up to the manufacturer.
the overall water purification system.
Clean steam produced from high purity In addition to the use of corrosion
Uses for Clean Steam vary by industry, make up water is highly corrosive due resistant materials in sanitary systems,
however typical applications include: to the minimal ion content. High purity features designed to inhibit bacterial
● In-line sterilization of storage tanks water, pure steam and the resultant growth are often required. Piping, valves
and equipment condensate will aggressively attempt to and fittings should be free draining and
● Powering sterilizers and autoclaves absorb or leach ions from their environ- maintain industry standard surface
● Cleaning and sterilizing process ment to achieve a more natural balance. finishes. Free draining valves and
piping systems without Additionally, chemicals used to passi- fittings are designed not to retain or
disassembling the piping system - vate steam and condensate in conven- ‘Puddle’ condensate when installed
commonly known as CIP (Clean in tional systems are generally prohibited correctly. After shut down of the steam
Place) from clean steam system as such system, any puddled condensate could
● Pasteurization utilizing Ultra High chemicals could contaminate or alter potentially promote bacterial growth.
Temperature Processing (UHT) sensitive end products. Should corrosion Inadequate surface finishes reduce the
begin, the oxidation byproducts may effectiveness of system sterilization
The highest quality clean steam how- travel through the steam system cataly- techniques, increasing the possibility of
ever, is typically used by the Pharma- zing corrosion throughout in a process bacterial contamination. Industry
ceutical and Biotechnical industries. known as ‘rouging’. standard surface finishes are measured
This steam, occasionally referred to as in micro inches, the lower the number
“Pure Steam”, is most often supplied To combat the corrosive nature of clean
steam, design practices require piping, the smoother, and are expressed as an
by an independent steam generator arithmetic average (Ra). Typical industry
utilizing Water for Injection (WFI) as fittings and valving to be comprised of
corrosion resistant materials. Current specified surface finishes range from
feed water. WFI is typically produced 32 to 10 µ in. Ra.
by a Reverse Osmosis (RO) generator industry accepted materials include
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