MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING undergoing examination and feeds this information into
the computer system
Name:_______________________________
BS ECE V-3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a __________
spectroscopic imaging technique used in medical
settings to produce images of the inside of the human
body to diagnose diseases.
History
1882- Nikola Tesla first described the rotating magnetic
field
1922- Proton’s magnetic moment by ____________
1937- Isidor Isaac Rabi discovered that when a magnetic
field is applied to molecules, they could produce
________ at specific frequency (NMR).
1946- Elucidation of NMR phenomena by Felix Bloch
and Edward Mills Purcell
1971- Raymond Damadian suggested that MR
__________ could be used to distinguish cancer.
1973- Paul Lauterbur produced the first images using
gradients to spatially encode the NMR signal called
“________________”.
1975- Richard Ernst showed that the nature of the MRI
signal has the mathematical properties of a
____________
1977- Peter Mansfield was able to dramatically shorten
the lengthy zeugmatography by Fourier method
Parts of MRI
- Magnet
It allows the MRI machine to produce high quality of
images.
- Gradient Coils
It cause the magnetic field within a localized area to
vary linearly as a function of spatial location
- _____________________
to transmit radio frequency waves into the patient’s
body
- Patient’s Table
This component simply slides the patient into the MRI
machine
- Antenna/Computer System
The antenna is a very sensitive device that easily
detects the RF signals emitted by a patient’s body while
Producing MRI
The computer system creates images and scan using a
specific mathematical formula known as the ‟Fourier
Transformˮ, which brings us to the ‟i________gˮ part of
the device. The images show a layout of various tissue
types that have been scanned in a particular part of the
body.
The MRI system uses _______ that alter the magnetic
field in the tissue being examined. Since normal and
abnormal tissues respond differently to this alteration,
the different signals allow the doctors to identify exactly
what and where the problem is within the body. This
process can be thought of as the following: If Alteration
= A, then Normal Cells = B; however, if Alteration = A,
then Abnormal Cells = other variety of results.
It uses more than ________ shades of gray
Types of MRI
1. Extremity MRI
uses a large tube-shaped device, an extremity
MRI uses a smaller scanner designed specifically
for the body's extremities such as arms and
legs.
2. Open MRI
An open MRI is open on the sides or features
wider openings, still requiring the patient to lie
on a sliding table.
3. _ Tesla MRI
This type of closed MRI uses magnetic fields
that have double the strength of a traditional
MRI machine, thus producing an even more
detailed image in less time.
Advantages of MRI
 Non-invasive
 Doesn’t use radiation
 No known biological hazards or side effects to
humans
 Can give a variety of image types and angles of
a single area on the body without moving
 Very high quality images that uses more than
250 shades of gray to differentiate various parts
of a tissue.
Disadvantages of MRI
Χ Machine is extremely expensive
Χ Require patients to be in the machine for a long
period of time
Χ Patients are required to be absolutely
motionless
Χ Can become life threatening if caution isn’t
taken
Χ Allergic Reaction
Χ Fetal Damage Risk
Χ Sedative Reaction
Advancement in MRI
1. Multi-Contrast MRI Images From a Single
Acquisition
2. Software Greatly Reduces MRI Scan Times
3. FDA Clears First 7T MRI System
4. Silent MRI Scanning
-RPA & JLDS