FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & EARTH

RESOURCES

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

Subject Code BAA1322

Name NUR ALIA BINTI RAZALI

ID AA18195

Lecturer KHAIRUNISA BINTI MUTHUSAMY

 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO TITLE PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION 2
2 DETAILS ON GBI BULDING 3-4
IMPLEMENTATION AND BANEFITS OF
3
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
4-6
DETAILS OF GREEN BUILDING RATING
4
TOOL
6-7
APPROACHES USED FOR THE BUILDING
5
TO BE CERTIFIED AS GREEN BUILDING
7-9

BENEFITS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

6
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
10-11
APPLICATION OF QUALITY CONTROL IN
7
HIGHWAY PROJECT (ROAD AND BRIDGE)
12-13
8 REFRENCES 14

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PART A

Choose any building that implementing the Industrial Building System (IBS). Explain the
implementation of sustainable construction in that IBS project and relate with Green
Building Index idea in Malaysia or any green building rating tools if the building is
located in other country. The report should be divided into sections stated below

INTRODUCTION

Industrialized Building System (IBS) Malaysia is defined as components are manufactured in

a controlled setting and environment, regardless of whether the production is done on-site or
off-site, assembled, fabricated or sited into the works of construction. IBS materials supplied
and built by manufacturer, supplier and contractor are entitled for Green Building Index
(GBI) for building projects completed in Malaysia, IBS is classified as eco-friendly and green
building materials in Malaysia. There are six main IBS groups identified as being popularly
used in Malaysia which are:

(i) Pre-cast concrete framing, panel and box systems

(ii) Steel formwork system.
(iii) Steel framing system.
(iv) Timber framing system.
(v) Blockwork system.
(vi) Innovative system.

The use of IBS in Malaysia started in 1963. Even though it has been four decades since the
introduction of IBS in Malaysia, the application and adoption of this method in the local
construction industry, particularly in the private sector, is still relatively low compared to the
developed countries. However, the IBS proved to be a success. Not only was it efficient in
accelerating the construction of housing projects, it also improved the quality and
affordability of the projects in which the IBS was deployed. Despite the IBS being well-
known and accepted by most construction firms due to its theoretical advantage in terms of
speed, safety and quality, wet construction method is still widely regarded in Malaysia as a
conventional and safe option despite incurring higher costs and slower production rates.
Industrialised Building System (IBS) can also reduce unskilled and foreign workforce,
provide a safe environment on site, shorten the time period of construction process, ensure
the quality of the structural works, and saving cost.

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i. Details on the selected building.

Icon Residenz, Icon City is a leasehold serviced apartment located along Jalan SS8/39, Off
Lebuhraya Damansara Puchong (LDP) in Petaling Jaya. Mah Sing Group Berhad is the sole
developer of this sky scraping residence. This rising project by Mah Sing Group offers a
prime location, along with incredible visibility and fantastic accessibility as well as an
extraordinary architecture with alluring landscapes built to provide unique living culture.

Icon Residenz is the combination of dual serviced apartments, SoVos ( small offices/ virtual
offices), 30 units shop offices, 46 units retail shops, a block of office towers, a hotel,
Gourmet Street, Central Park, and a shopping mall. Icon Residenz is divided into two
sections which are the Icon Residenz 1 and the Icon Residenz 2. For Icon Residenz 1, it will
be consisting of a serviced apartment, shop offices, SoVos, Central Park and Gourmet Street.
While for Icon Residenz 2, it will be comprising of a serviced apartment, a hotel, a SoHo
Tower, a corporate office, a boutique office, a retail podium and a shopping mall. Icon
Residenz’s special features include the green & sustainable development that is certified by
Malaysia’s Green Building Index (MBI), Singapore’s Green Mark and USAGBC Leadership
in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED), its state-of-the-art exterior appearance, its
crystalline architechture and its strategic location in SS8.

Icon Residenz is the development of 40 storeys high serviced apartment that make up a part
of the Icon City. While another part of the Icon City comprises SoVos, shop offices, Central
Park, office towers, hotel, Gourmet Street together with the shopping mall. This entire
gigantic project is covering a total of 19.6 acres of leasehold land. Icon Residenz carries a
total of 569 units serviced apartments and 30 units of shop offices.
Icon Residenz 1 was being launched on year 2012. Phase 1 that comprises of serviced
apartments, SoVos, lifestyle shop offices, Gourmet Street and Central Park offices will be
functional in July 2016. While Phase 2 that consists of a SoHo tower, a corporate office, a
boutique office, a hotel and a shopping mall will be developed later. Its initial cost was
RM0.50 psf, but in fact its maintenance fees were only RM0.44 psf (including sinking fees).

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 The construction methods are generally classified into 4 categories:
a. Conventional construction method
Components prefabricated on site through timber/plywood formwork installation, steel
reinforcement, ready-mix/cast-in-situ concrete (more costly, low speed construction time)
b. Cast-in-situ method (non-conventional)
It is applicable to all types of buildings. The steel/fibreglass/aluminium formwork acts as a
mould and wet concrete is poured into the mould with steel reinforcement places inside it. Its
aim is to eliminate traditional timber framed formwork. (Less cost, speedy construction)
c. Composite method (non-conventional)
The components of the building are partially prefabricated. (Quality improved, shorter
construction time, reduce cost)
d. Fully prefabricated method (non-conventional)
All elements of the building are prefabricated in the factory. (Shortest construction time, high
cost) The conventional construction method is currently proved to be the best selection in
Malaysia’s construction industry because it is the most cost saving and realistic choice.
HOWEVER, studies had been carried out about more on IBS system as we believe that it will
take a big role in the future’s construction industry.

i. The implementation and benefit of sustainable construction

Implementation/process
1. Framing and floors - Construction starts with the welding of a steel frame.
2. Attaching the wall - The next stop on the assembly line is the walls. They are built using
sustainable materials.
3. Installing the roof – using suitable materials.
4. Interior and exterior finishes – to give an aesthetic look for the buiding.

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A sustainable construction is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from
design to construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. Sustainable
construction also is done in a way that minimizes energy usage requirements, maximizes
efficiency and reduces utility costs of buildings. In some cases, sustainable construction is
more costly to build but the idea is that it is an investment that will cost you less money over
time than a less sustainable building.

Benefits is mainly towards Environment as it minimizes the use of water, raw materials,
energy and land and also reduces emissions, waste and pollution in the environment for
example ;

Energy efficiency : Sustainable buildings have unique construction and design features that
enable them to be efficient, especially in terms of conserving energy and water. In addition to
having solar energy systems, sustainable buildings are designed to maximize natural lighting.
Similarly, task lighting might be used instead of overhead lighting.

Health efficiency : People who live or work in sustainable buildings enjoy better indoor air
quality in addition to a number of other health and wellness benefits. Because sustainable
building materials are free of cancer-causing substances and harmful toxins, the local
community and the surrounding environment also benefit from green construction.

Cost efficiency : By incorporating a solar energy system and other sustainability measures it
can reduce the cost and improve the overall cost efficiency of a building, especially for
businesses that fall within the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Reduced operational and
maintenance costs means big savings that can then be invested elsewhere, such as in higher
employee wages or product development.

Material efficiency : Without compromising quality or structural integrity, sustainable

building processes utilize eco-friendly building materials, many of which are recycled or
reused. For example, biocomposites such as flax, are commonly used sustainable building
materials that are tough, durable, and renewable. The goal is to generate as little waste as
possible throughout the building process, from sourcing material to the final stages of
construction.

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 Economic efficiency: According to the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC),
the sustainable building industry is slated to directly contribute more than 1.1 million jobs in
2018, with no signs of slowing down in the future.

i. Details of green building rating tool (elements assessed)

Green rating tool is introduced since the preservation of our environment has become a global
issues. With the inception of green rating tools of Green Building Index (GBI) in 2009 and
Green Real Estate (GreenRE) in 2013, its make the whole nation to build green and increase
their awareness towards more sustainable development.

As global issues especially on climate change and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG)
contributed by the built structure, the significant efforts are being made in all sectors of the
construction industry to create products and buildings that are environmentally eco-friendly.
Therefore, as an emerging market in Malaysia, green building has been recognised by multi
discipline industry player, either by public or private sector such as planners, architect,
engineers, surveyor governmental agencies and developers on the future of sustainable
development.

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 In Malaysia, the establishment of green rating tool started in 2009 when the Malaysian
Institute of Architects (PAM) and Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM)
have developed Green Building Index (GBI) to increase the awareness and creating more
and more sustainable and green architecture. However, before 2009, many of industry players
have subscribed other rating tools offered around the world such as Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) (US), Green Star (Australia) and Green Mark (Singapore) in
their green development projects. With different climate and characteristics of the country
agendas, the establishment of various green rating is very unique and the selection of more
than single green rating tool in a particular project in that country shown that the
development of green building can be borderless and the effort on producing more
comprehensive and market viability on green rating could be a tough challenge by service
provider. This study seeks to compare among selected green rating tools in Asia namely BCA
Green Mark, CASBEE, KGBCC and local rating tools GBI and GreenRE in order to identify
the similarities and differences. These particular tools also have been choose according to the
years of establishment more than five years except for local tools.

i. Approaches used for the building to be certified as “green building”

Buildings have extensive direct and indirect impacts on the environment. During their
construction, occupancy, renovation, repurposing, and demolition, buildings use energy,
water, and raw materials, generate waste, and emit potentially harmful atmospheric
emissions. These facts have prompted the creation of green building standards, certifications,
and rating systems aimed at mitigating the impact of buildings on the natural environment
through sustainable design.

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The concept of green buildings

It maximizes the use of efficient building materials and construction practices; optimizes the
use of on-site sources; uses minimum energy to power itself, uses efficient equipment to meet
its daily consumer consumption; maximizes the use of renewable sources of energy, uses
efficient waste and water management practices and provides comfortable and hygienic
indoor working conditions. The energy demands should be satisfied by resources which are
not excavated abundantly, even after having the potential. For example, solar and wind
energy resources, even after having the potential. For example, solar and wind energy
resources which are abundant and easily available can be exploited and used in employing
green strategies can be adopted in both the new and the existing buildings.

 Need for green buildings

1. 24 percent of the global carbon dioxide emission is due to buildings

2. In a building, 42 percent of the energy is spent in space heating/cooling

appliances, 36 percent in lighting and 13 percent in water heating

3. We spend 90 percent of our time inside buildings, and the air quality inside is
two to five times worse than outside air.

 Technique adopted

1. Rain water harvesting – It involves collecting and saving rain water from roof run
offs and storing it in a tank. The water collected can either be used directly or it
can be injected into the ground water to increase the ground water table. This
water also can then be used for drinking after filtration.

2. Positioning of windows - Day lightning: If the windows are placed in the part
from where the maximum daylight enters then it will save a large amount of
electricity. Day light keeps the air fresh, kills microorganisms, keeps the building
warm and installs positive energy. Skylights can be used on the roofs to allow
more sunlight during the day.

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3. Building material – Use materials with low VOC emission, like cement paints,
fiberglass insulation as they do not release toxins. Materials that reuse waste,
which would otherwise have resulted in landfill can be used, for example - Fly
ash, Bricks. Also materials which last a lifetime like PVC pipes can be
considered. Biodegradable material like earthen material should be used. Painting
the outside walls with light colour paint helps in reflecting the heat during
summers.

4. Thermal insulation - Materials like blown- in fiberglass, cellulose, glass wool,

rock wool, polystyrene, vermiculite, perlite, wood fiber plant straw, cement, and
earth or soil provide thermal insulation to a building. They decrease the amount
off low of heat through walls. The insulation techniques are different for hot and
cold places. For hot places, light colour roof will help and in cold places, using
thick insulation layers will be advantageous.

9
 PART B

Bridge is one of the elements in highway construction project. As a main contractor for
this project, the implementations of quality management system and quality control are
important. The report should be divided into sections stated below

i. Benefits of the implementation of quality management system

A quality management system (QMS) is a collection of business processes focused on

consistently meeting customer requirements and enhancing their satisfaction. It is aligned
with an organization's purpose and strategic direction (ISO9001:2015). It is expressed as the
organizational goals and aspirations, policies, processes, documented information and
resources needed to implement and maintain it. Early quality management systems
emphasized predictable outcomes of an industrial product production line, using simple
statistics and random sampling. Quality management system (QMS) standards establish a
framework for how a business manages its key processes. They can help whether your
business offers products or services and regardless of your size or industry. They can also
help new businesses start off on the right foot by ensuring processes meet recognised
standards, clarifying business objectives and avoiding expensive mistakes.

 Achievement of project scope - This system facilitates a business, to attain the

objectives that have been defined in the organization strategy. It ensures the
achievement of stability and reliability regarding the techniques, equipment, and
resources being used in a project. All project activities are integrated and aligned
towards the achievement of quality products.

 Customer satisfaction - One of the quality management principles that are the
foundation of the ISO 9001 requirements is to improve customer satisfaction by
planning for and striving to meet customer requirements. By improving your
customer satisfaction you will retain more repeat customers since happy and satisfied
customers are the key to keeping customer loyalty. And such customers bring in
additional revenues.

 Consistent product - Implementing a quality management system can assist to attain

more consistency in the project activities, and enhance the effectiveness by
improvement in the resources and time usage.

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 Increase in production - Improved production is achieved due to proper evaluation
techniques being applied, and better training of the employees. A strict process
control is directed towards performance consistency, and less scrap.

 Increase market share - Other quality management system benefits include proper
management of project risks and costs, and identification of development prospects.
This results in an increase in market share and reputation, and capability to react to
industry opportunities.

 Less rework - Quality is measured continuously due to the appropriate procedures that
ensure immediate corrective actions on occurrence of defects. Since efforts are
directed towards quality products, rework due to warranty claims is minimized. This
reduction increases customer confidence, and increase in business.

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ii. Application of quality control in this highway project including road and bridge
construction.
Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a
manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or
meets the requirements of the client or customer. QC is similar to, but not identical with,
quality assurance (QA). QA is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure
that a product or service under development (before work is complete, as opposed to
afterwards) meets specified requirements. QA is sometimes expressed together with QC as a
single expression, quality assurance and control (QA/QC).

One way of controlling quality is based on the inspection or verification of finished products.
The aim is to filter the products before they reach the client, so that products that do not comply
with requirements are discarded or repaired. This reception control is usually carried out by
people who were not involved in the production activities, which means that costs can be high,
and preventative activities and improvement plans may not be effective.

It is a final control, located between producer and client, and although it has the advantage of
being impartial, it has a large number of drawbacks, such as slow information flows, and that
the inspectors are not familiar with the circumstances of production and are not responsible for
the production quality.

When tests are destructive, the decision to accept or reject a full batch must be made on the
basis of the quality of a random sample. This type of statistical control provides less
information and contains sampling risks. However, it is more economical, requires fewer
inspectors, and speeds up decision-making, while the rejection of the whole batch
encourages suppliers to improve their quality. This type of control can also identify the causes
of variations and, so establish procedures for their systematic elimination.

Statistical control can be applied to the final product (acceptance control) or during the
production process (process control). Statistical controls at reception establish sampling plans
with clearly-defined acceptance or rejection criteria, and complete batches are tested by means
of random sampling. The sampling control can be based on inspection by attributes in line with
the ISO 2859 standard (Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes), or on inspection by
variables in line with the ISO 3951 standard (Sampling procedures for inspection by variables).

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A construction company should reduce the costs of bad quality as much as possible, and ensure
that the result of its processes comply with the client's requirements. Both internal and external
controls can be carried out. For example, the control of concrete received by the contractor can
be carried out by an independent entity; the execution of steelworks can be controlled by
the project manager (on behalf of the client), or the construction company can establish an
internal control for the execution of the building work.

Highway bridge construction and other construction have a big difference in the construction
quality and the existing traffic level. The development of the transport industry is closely linked
to the status quo, and highway bridges in the construction process are generally in a more
important area. If there is a quality problem, it can cause extremely bad impact on traffic
throughout the region and cause more serious economic losses. Highway bridge construction
technology has a certain degree of particularity. It is a targeted construction technology. If the
technology has a problem, then the quality of the entire highway bridge is difficult to be
guaranteed. Construction problems are not easy to be handled. Before the start of the
construction works, the project construction staffs need to have thorough understanding on the
entire construction technology to ensure that their implementation of the construction process
to meet the construction specific needs. It is the only way to ensure the overall quality of
highway bridge construction. If there is no strict control of the quality of the project, it will
cause more serious quality problems. For example, waterproof of bridge with serious quality
problems will lead to serious problem during raining, vehicles are prone to slip, the direction
will be difficult to control, and will seriously affect the entire road safety. After the problem
occurs, government can only spend more money to carry out the maintenance of the project.
Therefore, it often causes serious economic pressure. The most effective solution is quality
control of the construction process.

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REFRENCES

1. https://www.matec-
conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2014/01/matecconf_bust2013_01002.pdf
2. https://www.propertyguru.com.my/condo/icon-residenz-icon-city-
5678?gclid=Cj0KCQjwn8_mBRCLARIsAKxi0GIsB7SeeCVVjEj-
MJeMGCGlx3gnXyUB234VPXWWMmIp63bdRVRKy3IaAsXHEALw_wcB
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317819874_A_REVIEW_ON_GREEN_ASSE
SSMENT_TOOL'S_CRITERIA_OF_GREENRE_GBI_GREEN_SHIP_AND_LEED
4. https://fqmltd.com/services/management-systems/benefits-of-qms-2/

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