PROCESSOR

- Processors are also known as “microprocessor”, is a tiny chip that lives in our computers and
any other electric devices. It operates by receiving input and display the appropriate output. The
processor is also known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit). All fundamental system
instructions are handled by the processor such as processing the input devices like mouse and
keyboard then it can run the applications. Most personal computers have a CPU created by either
AMD or Intel, both of them uses x86 processors design. Mobile devices like tablets or
cellphones may also use specific mobile processors established by companies like Apple or
ARM. Christensson, P. (2012, April 9). Processor Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 20, from
https://techterms.com

MAIN PROCESSOR
- Is also known as the Central processing unit. The component of a computer where
instruction are interpreted and executed.

GRAPHICS PROCESSOR
Is also known as GPU (Graphic Processing Unit). GPU is a processor that is constructed to
handle graphics operation. This involves both 2D and 3D estimation. A GPU’s main purpose is
to make 3D graphics consisting of polygons. Christensson, P. (2016, November 25). GPU
Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 20, from https://techterms.com
BIOS/CMOS

-BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System is a program, the microprocessor of a personal
computer utilizes to start the computer system after turning it on. It also regulates the flow of
data between the operating system and attached equipment of the computer such as printer,
mouse, keyboard, video adapter and hard disk.

-CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It is a technology used to create
circuits that are incorporated. CMOS circuits are encountered in various kinds of electronic
devices including microprocessors, batteries, and sensors for digital camera images.
Christensson, P. (2017, May 25). CMOS Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 21, from
https://techterms.com
MEMORIES
-Computers are alike humans they depend more on their memory. Just like we do, the memory
processes and store data or information. But, computers stored information and data digitally,
this implies that that the data can always be retrieved precisely as it was stored. Memory is an
essential component of the functioning of computers and many electronic devices. Christensson,
P. (2006). Memory Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 21, from https://techterms.com

PRIMARY MEMORY- The computer accesses first or directly. It enables a processor to access
applications and services running execution that are momentarily stored in a particular place of
memory

RAM
- Stands for Random Access Memory. Ram is a prevalent part of hardware found in electronic
devices such as laptops, desktop computers, and mobile phones. The quantity of RAM in a
computer determines how much memory can be used by the operating system and open apps.
Multiple programs can run simultaneously without any lag if a computer has enough RAM. It is
known to be volatile memory or unstable as it only stores data if the computer is turned on. If the
computer is turned off, the data stored in RAM will be removed. Christensson, P. (2019, June
21). RAM Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 21, from https://techterms.com
ROM
-Stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is a programmed memory that the computer performs
when it starts up, before the software system runs. In computers, tiny ROM program called BIOS
reads the instructions. It is known as non-volatile memory because it is a type of memory that is
capable of recovering stored data even though the computer is turned off. Christensson, P.
(2006). ROM Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 21, from https://techterms.com

SECONDARY / STORAGE MEDIA – Alternatively know as internal memory, seconday

memory, and auxiliary storage, a secondary storage unit is a non-volatile unit that retains
information until it has been deleted or overwritten.

EARLY STORAGE MEDIA

PUNCH CARDS
-Early technique used with early computers for data storage also known as Hollerith cards and
IBM cards. These cards are made of paper with multiple punched or pierced holes punched by
hand or machine to display information and represent data. These cards enable businesses to
record or access data by entering the card into computer.
PUNCH TAPES
-Similar to punch cards, Punch tape is used as a means of storing and inputting information into
the computer in the past years. Instead of storing information on different cards, Punch tape
stores information or data on paper rolls comprising punched holes that contain the input or
output information.

MAGNETIC STORAGE

Magnetic tape
-Is a sort of physical storage media for various types of information. Unlike latest storage media
types, such as solid state disk (SSD) drives, it is regarded an analog solution. For several
centuries, magnetic tape has been a significant tool for the storage of audio and binary data and
still for some systems is part of data storage.

FLOPPY DISKS
-In 1969, the first floppy disks were created, the internet had its origin in the same year. These
disk had a diameter of 8 inches and were read-only as a CD-ROM, it means that the user could
not write any data or information to them. Only 80KB of data were held by the first 8-inch disks,
but later versions could hold up to 800KB. Christensson, P. (2006). Floppy Disk Definition.
Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from https://techterms.com
OPTICAL STORAGE

CD
-Stands for Compact Disk. CDs are circular disk with a diameter of 4.75 inches (12cm). CDs are
capable of holding up to 700MB or 80 minutes of audio.
The information on a CD will be stored on the disk as tiny notches ad read from an optical drive
by a laser. The disks convert the notches into usable information (representing 1’s and 0’s).
Christensson, P. (2006). CD Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from https://techterms.com

DVD
-Stands for Digital Versatile Disc. A DVD is an optical media form used for digital data storage.
It has the same size as a CD, but it has a greater ability for storage. Some DVDs are specifically
formatted for videos, while others may contain various data types, such as computer files and
software programs. A regular DVD may hold 4.7GB of data, but initial DVD format differences
have higher capabilities. Christensson, P. (2014, October 20). DVD Definition. Retrieved 2019,
Sep 22, from https://techterms.com

OTHER STORAGE

FLASH DRIVE
-Can be known also as jump drives, pen drives, thumb drives, USB keychain drives whatever
you call them, they all refer to the same thing, which is a tiny flash memory data storage device
with a built-in USB connection. Their size is like a thumb or a small pen (that why it called
thumb drive or pen drive). They are extremely portable due to their tiny shape factor and can
readily fit into a pocket or keychain (hence the name is keychain drive). Early flash drives can
only store a few megabytes of data, but several gigabytes of data can be stored by modern flash
drives. Even though they are tiny in size but they have a big capacity of storage. Christensson, P.
(2008, November 24). Flash Drive Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from
https://techterms.com
SD CARD
-SD stands for Secure Digital. SD card is a form of memory card used in mobile electronic
devices for storing information or data such as video recorders, digital camera, smartphones, and
portable music players. SD cards are regarded as removable storage because it can be insert or
remove from a device. Christensson, P. (2019, April 26). SD Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22,
from https://techterms.com

SOFTWARE
-Computer software is a general word in which computer programs are described. Installing new
computer programs or apps is like installing new computer software. Software can be hard to
define because it is virtual or not physical like computer hardware. Instead, software comprises
of line of codes into a computer program made by programmers. Upon installation, software
programs are stored in binary data that is reproduced to the hard drive of the computer. Because
software is virtual and does not take any physical room, it is much convenient to upgrade the
software than the hardware of the computer. Christensson, P. (2006, December 5). Software
Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from https://techterms.com
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
-System software relates to the files and programs that form the operating system of your
computer. Compiler, assemblers, system utilities, file management instruments, and debuggers
are components of the system software. When installing your operating system, the system
software is installed also in the computer. Software’s can be update by running a program such
as “Software update” for mac OS X or “Windows update” for windows. It provides the user
interface and enables the hardware to work with the operating system. Christensson, P.
(2006). System Software Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from https://techterms.com

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
-An application is also a software program that functions in the computer. Browser, emails, word
processor, games, etc. are called application. The term “application” is used because there is a
particular application for each program for the user. For instances a word processor can assist a
student generate a study or research paper, while a video game can discourage the student from
doing the paper. Macintosh programs are commonly referred to applications while Windows
programs are often referred to executable files. Mac programs uses the “.APP” (Application) file
extension while Windows programs are using “EXE” (executable). Although they have a
difference in file extension, the Mac and Windows programs just represent the same purpose and
has an ability to be called applications. Christensson, P. (2008, October 12). Application
Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 22, from https://techterms.com
UTILITY SOFTWARE
-A software programs that give extra features to the computer or improve the performance of the
computer. This includes programs such as backup, file management, network, antivirus, disk
repair. Applications like screensavers, font and icon tools, and desktop enhancements can also be
utilities. Overall this is a software design to aid the computer to be better and to be efficient.
Christensson, P. (2006). Utility Definition. Retrieved 2019, Sep 2
 REFERENCES

PROCESSOR https://techterms.com/definition/processor
MAIN PROCESSOR https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Main+processor
GRAPHIC PROCESSOR https://techterms.com/definition/gpu
BIOS https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/BIOS-basic-
input-output-system
CMOS https://techterms.com/definition/cmos\
PRIMARY MEMORY https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1104/primary-
memory
PUNCH CARD https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/punccard.htm
PUNCH TAPE https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/punctape.htm\
MAGNETIC TAPE https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8212/magnetic-
tape
FLOPPY DISK https://techterms.com/definition/floppydisk
CD https://techterms.com/definition/cd
DVD https://techterms.com/definition/dvd
FLASH DRIVE https://techterms.com/definition/flashdrive
SD CARD https://techterms.com/definition/sd
SOFTWARE https://techterms.com/definition/software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE https://tecterms.com/definition/systemsoftware
APPLICATION https://techterms.com/definition/application
SOFTWARE
UTILITY SOFTWARE https://techterms.com/definition/utility