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36. Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R. Mortality related to
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New Zealand, 2000-2012. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2014;311(13):1308–16.
37. Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Serial blood lactate
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40. Shapiro NI, Howell MD, Talmor D, Nathanson LA, Lisbon A, Wolfe RE, et al.
Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients
with infection. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(5):524–8.
41. Trzeciak S, Dellinger RP, Chansky ME, Arnold RC, Schorr C, Milcarek B, et
 al. Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in patients with infection. Intensive
Care Med. 2007;33(6):970–7.
42. Andersen LW, Mackenhauer J, Roberts JC, Berg KM, Cocchi MN, Donnino
MW. Lactate Levels. 2014;88(10):1127–40.
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48. Jr JMOB, Lu B, Ali NA, Martin GS, Aberegg SK, Marsh CB, et al. Alcohol
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mortality among adult intensive care unit patients*. 2007;35(2):345–50.
49. Macgregor R. Alcohol and Immune Defense. 2015;
50. Sopori M. Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system.
2002;2(May):372–7.
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2003;397–401.
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1997;1532–4.
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Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Suspected Infection Presenting to the
Emergency Department. 2017;317(3):301–8.
63. Prevalence E, Care I, Ii E, Europe W, Europe E, Europe W, et al. International
Journal of Infectious Diseases Sepsis and septic shock in low-income and
middle-income countries : need for a different paradigm. 2016;48:120–2.
64. Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle :
 2018 Update. 2018;997–1000.
65. Medicine E, Penyakit P, Sinto R. Pemeriksaan Kadar Laktat pada Tata
Laksana Sepsis : Apakah Benar Diperlukan ? 2016;3(1):7–8.
 DAFTAR ISI
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2. SIRS Dan Sepsis Error! Bookmark not defined.
 3. Peranan Nitric Oxide (NO) – Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/
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4. Koagulasi Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. Endotel Error! Bookmark not defined.
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2.1.2 Laktat Error! Bookmark not defined.
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2. Eliminasi Laktat Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Hiperlaktatemia Error! Bookmark not defined.
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BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN Error!
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3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian Error! Bookmark not defined.
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 4.3.3 Besar Sampel
4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan sampel
4.4 Variabel Penelitian
4.4.1 Klasifikasi Variabel
4.4.2 Definisi Operasional
4.5 Instrumen Penelitan
4.6 Prosedur Pengambilan atau Pengumpulan DataError! Bookmark not defined.
4.6.1 Alur Penelitian
4.7 Cara Pengolahan Dan Analisis Data
4.7.1 Pengolahan Data
4.7.2 Analisis Data
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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1
36
 Halaman
SAMPUL DEPAN ................................................................................................... i
SAMPUL DALAM ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS……………………………………………………………………………iii
PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR ISTILAH ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3.1 Tujuan
Umum…………………………………………………………………………………Error!
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1.3.2 Tujuan
Khusus………………………………………………………………………………..Error!
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1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4.1 Bagi Ilmu
Pengetahuan……………..…………………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not
defined.
1.4.2 Bagi
Klinisi……………………………………………………………………………………………Error! Bookmark
not defined.
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. Sepsis.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
 2.1.1
Definisi……………………………………………………………………………….…………………Error!
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2.1.2
Epidemiologi……………………………………………………………………….………………..Error!
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2.1.3
Etiologi………………………………………………………………………………….…….………..Error!
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2.1.4 Patogenesis dan
Patofisiologi……………………………………………….……………..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
2.1.5 Manifestasi Klinis……………………………………………………………………………….Error!
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2.1.6 Diagnosis………………………………………………………………………………….…………Error!
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2.1.7 Tatalaksana………………………………………………………………………………..……..Error!
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2.2 Laktat...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1 Definisi………………………………………………………………………………..………………Error!
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2.2.2 Metabolisme laktat………………..…………………………………………………………..Error!
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2.2.3 Hiperlaktatemia pada sepsis………….…………………………………………..Error!
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2.3 Kerangka Teori ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN . Error!
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3.1 Kerangka konseptual ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1 Lokasi……………………………………………………………………………………….……………..Error!
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 4.2.2 Waktu………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..Error!
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4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3.1 Populasi……………………………………………………………………………………………………Error!
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4.3.2 Sampel…………………………………………………………………………………………………….Error!
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4.3.3 Besar Sampel…………………………………………………………………………………………..Error!
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4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan sampel…………………………………………………………………….Error!
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4.4 Variabel Penelitian .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.1 Klasifikasi variabel………………………………………………………………………………….Error!
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4.4.2 Definisi operasional…………………………………………………………………………………Error!
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4.5 Instrumen penelitan ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.6 Prosedur pengambilan atau pengumpulan data ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.6.1 Alur Penelitian…………………………………………………………………………………………Error!
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4.7 Cara pengolahan dan analisis data .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.7.1 Pengolahan data……………………………………………………………………………………….Error!
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4.7.2 Analisis data…………………………………………………………………………………………….Error!
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BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian Pasien Sepsis di ICU RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Tahun 2015-2018 .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Hubungan Kadar Laktat dengan Kejadian Mortalitas Pasien Sepsis di ICU RSUP DR.
M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2015-2018 ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian Pasien Sepsis di ICU RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Tahun 2015-2018 .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Hubungan Kadar Laktat dengan Kejadian Mortalitas Pasien Sepsis di ICU RSUP DR.
M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2015-2018 ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
 6.3 Keterbatasan ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Saran........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lampiran ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.