Anatomy Reviewer:

All the questions in the quiz along with their answers are shown below. Your answers are
bolded. The correct answers have a green background while the incorrect ones have a red
background.

1. The cells that fight disease is known as:

 a. Nerve cell
 b. Epithelial cell
 c. Fibroblast
 d. Macrophages

A phagocytic cell or macrophages are cells that crawl through tissue to reach infection sites.
Epithelial cells are the ones that cover and lines body organs. Fibroblast connects body parts
while nerve cells or neurons are for gathering information and controlling body function.

2. A patient is complaining of pain in the region at the right side of the hypogastric region. This
area of the abdomen is also known as:

 a. Right Hypochondriac region

 b. Right iliac region
 c. Right lumbar region
 d. Umbilical region

Right iliac region is located at the right side of the hypogastric region. Right hypochondriac lies
beside the epigastric region while the right lumbar lies beside the umbilical area.

3. The substance present in the largest amount in a solution is which of the following?

 a. Solutes
 b. Solvent
 c. Solution
 d. Interstitial fluid

a. Solutes – tiny components present in small amounts. b. Solvent – the substance present in the
largest amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture of two or more components d. Interstitial
fluid – the fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of the cells.

4. A clinical instructor is discussing about the body planes and sections. When a section is made
along a horizontal plane the body is divided into:

 a. Anterior and posterior parts

  b. Right and left parts
 c. Midsagittal and median section
 d. Superior and inferior parts

When a section is made along a horizontal plane (transverse section) the body is divided into
superior and inferior parts. If a sagittal section is done (lengthwise/longitudinal plane) the body
is divided into right and left parts. A frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane
dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.

5. A frontal section divides the body into:

 a. Anterior and posterior parts

 b. Right and left parts
 c. Midsagittal and median section
 d. Superior and inferior parts

A frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane dividing the body into anterior and
posterior parts.

6. The process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration to become evenly distributed is called:

 a. Filtration
 b. Diffusion
 c. Passive transport process
 d. Active transport process

Diffusion is the process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed. Filtration is the process by which
water and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic
pressure. Passive transport processes substances are transported across the membrane without
energy input from the cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the metabolic energy
ATP that drives the transport process.

7. Knowledge on body landmarks is essential to learn about anatomy and physiology. The
posterior surface of the lower leg is known as:

 a. Sural
 b. Olecranal
 c. Crural
 d. Fibular

a. Sural - the posterior surface of the lower leg b. Olecranal – posterior surface of the elbow c.
Crucal – anterior leg area/region d. Fibular – lateral part of the leg
8. The genetic material , deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is contained in:

 a. Nucleus
 b. Nucleoli
 c. Chromatin
 d. Chromosome

The gene-containing nucleus acts as the control center for cells. It is the specific part of the cell
where the DNA is found. Nucleoli, chromatin and chromosome are all found inside the nucleus.

9. While on duty, the student nurse notices that the client’s crural area has lesions and abrasions.
Crural area is also known as the:

 a. Posterior surface of the lower leg

 b. Posterior surface of the elbow
 c. Anterior leg area
 d. Lateral part of the leg

a. Posterior surface of the lower leg - sural b. Posterior surface of the elbow - olecranal c.
Anterior leg area - crural d. Lateral part of the leg – fibular

10. A correct anatomical position is best exemplified by which of the following?

 a. Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing towards the
body.
 b. Standing up with palms held backward with thumbs pointing towards the body.
 c. Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing away from the
body.
 d. Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing towards the
body.

A correct anatomical position is similar to a “standing at attention” but is less comfortable

because the palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

11. The knee in relation to the thigh is termed as:

 a. Distal
 b. Proximal
 c. Ventral
 d. Dorsal

The knee is distal (farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk) to the thigh. Proximal means closer to the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Ventral means anterior or toward or at the front of a
body. Dorsal means posterior or toward or at the backside of the body.
12. If the located area is at pointing away from the midline of the body it is termed as:

 a. Caudal
 b. Distal
 c. Proximal
 d. Lateral

a. Caudal – inferior; away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body.
b. Distal - farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk c. Proximal – closer to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk. d. Lateral - pointing away from the midline of the body

13. An adolescent has been participating in a competitive sport game. Accidentally, he fell off
and complains of pain in his coxal area. The adolescent has pain on:

 a. Posterior knee area

 b. Hip area
 c. Thigh area
 d. Point of shoulder

a. Posterior knee area – popliteal b. Hip area – coxal c. Thigh area – femoral d. Point of shoulder
– acromial

14. The cellular material outside the nucleus but is located inside the cell membrane is called:

 a. Nucleoli
 b. Chromatin
 c. Cytoplasm
 d. Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm is the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane. a.
Nucleoli - dark-staining, round bodies in the nucleus. b. Chromatin – loose network of bumpy
threads that is scattered throughout the nucleus. c. Cytoplasm d. Plasma membrane - (or cell
membrane) contains all cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment.

15. The dorsal cavity of the body has two subdivisions. Select all dorsal body cavity. A. Thoracic
B. Cranial C. Spinal D. Adbominopelvic

 a. A and B
 b. B and C
 c. C and D
 d. B and D

Dorsal (posterior) body cavities are well protected by bones and consist of the cranial and spinal
cavities. Ventral cavities are less protected and consist of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
16. To maintain homeostasis the body function interacts. The homeostatic control mechanism
that responds to environmental changes is called:

 a. Effector
 b. Receptor
 c. Control center
 d. Stimuli

a. Effector – produces the response b. Receptor – responds to environmental change c. Control

center – assesses the changes present d. Stimuli – the change itself

17. When the body is divided into right and left parts the cut is a:

 a. Frontal section
 b. Sagittal section
 c. Coronal section
 d. Cross section

a. Frontal section – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts b. Sagittal section – divides
the body into right and left parts c. Coronal section – other term for frontal section d. Cross
section – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

18. Which membrane junction is responsible for preventing the skin cells from pulling apart
during a mechanical stress such as someone pulling a person’s extremity?

 a. Gap junctions
 b. Desosomes
 c. Tight junctions
 d. Microvilli

a. Gap junctions – commonly seen in the heart and embryonic cells that functions mainly to
allow communication. b. Desosomes – anchoring junctions that prevent the skin cells from
pulling apart during a mechanical stress c. Tight junctions – impermeable junctions that bind
cells together into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing through the extracellular
space between cells. d. Microvilli – tiny fingerlike projections that increases the cell’s surface
area for absorption.

19. To sustain life an individual must be able to function properly. Survival needs include the
following apart from:

 a. Atmospheric pressure
 b. Oxygen
 c. Gravity
 d. None of these
Survival needs include water, food, oxygen, appropriate temperature, atmospheric pressure.
Because of the word “apart from” the correct answer is letter D. (Source: Essentials of Anatomy
and Physiology by Marieb 8th Ed. P 9)

20. The abdominal region located at the left side of the umbilical area is called:

 a. Left Hypochondriac region

 b. Left iliac region
 c. Left lumbar region
 d. Epigastric area

Left lumbar lies beside the umbilical area. Left hypochondriac lies beside the epigastric region.
Left iliac region is located at the left side of the hypogastric region.

21. Most school age children are having cuts or wounds at the anterior knee region because of
the tendency to fall during extreme activity involvement. The anterior knee region is also known
as:

 a. Popliteal
 b. Patellar
 c. Antecubital
 d. Tarsal

a. Popliteal – posterior knee area b. Patellar – anterior knee c. Antecubital – anterior surface of
the elbow d. Tarsal – ankle region

22. The fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents is called:

 a. Nuclear membrane
 b. Cytoplasm
 c. Nucleoli
 d. Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane (or cell membrane) contains all cell contents and separates them from the
surrounding environment. a. Nuclear membrane – a double membrane barrier that binds the
nucleus b. Cytoplasm – the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane.
c. Nucleoli – dark-staining, round bodies in the nucleus.

23. The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary wall by
fluid or hydrostatic pressure is called:

 a. Filtration
 b. Diffusion
 c. Passive transport process
 d. Active transport process
Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary
wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure. Diffusion is the process by which molecules are moving
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to become evenly
distributed. Passive transport processes substances are transported across the membrane without
energy input from the cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the metabolic energy
ATP that drives the transport process.

24. A homogeneous mixture of two or more components is known as:

 a. Solutes
 b. Solvent
 c. Solution
 d. Interstitial fluid

a. Solutes – tiny components present in small amounts. b. Solvent – the substance present in the
largest amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture of two or more components d. Interstitial
fluid – the fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of the cells.

25. The plasma membrane in the body allows some substances to pass through it while excluding
others. This type of barrier is termed as:

 a. Passive transport process

 b. Selective permeability
 c. Filtration
 d. Active transport processes

The plasma membrane is a selective permeable barrier. Passive transport processes substances
are transported across the membrane without energy input from the cell. In active transport
processes, the cell provides the metabolic energy ATP that drives the transport process. Filtration
is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary wall by
fluid or hydrostatic pressure.