DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A. Jajja, A. Sutyarjoko, J. Lara et al. 2014. Beetroot supplementation lowers daily

systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects. Nutrition Research,
34 (10) : 868–875.
Agoes, A. 2010. Tanaman Obat Indonesia. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
Akinyele, I.O.; Keshinro, O.O.; Akinnawo, O.O. 1990. Nutrient losses during and
after processing of pineapples and oranges. Food Chem. 37, 181–188.
Alifah, Cholifatul Umi. 2011. Analisis kadar kalium pada nanas (Ananas Comosus
(L) Merr) muda dan masak. JTPTUNIMUS __
Almatsier, Sunita. 2009. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka
Utama. Cetakan ke-VII.
Amran Y, Febrianti, Irawanti L. 2010. Pengaruh Tambahan Asupan Kalium dari
Diet Terhadap Penurunan Hipertensi Sitolik Tingkat Sedang Pada Lanjut
Usia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. Jakarta : 2010.
Andayani, R., Y. Lisawati, Maimunah. 2008. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan,
Kadar Fenol Total dan Likopen pada Buah Tomat (Solanum lycupersicum
L). Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi, Vol 13, No.1.
Andersen, M., Markham, K.R. 2006. Flavonoids. New York: Taylor & Francis
Group.
Arisman. 2009. Keracunan Makanan. EGC:Jakarta.mh
Armala, M. M.,. 2009. Daya Antioksidan Fraksi Air Ekstrak Herba Kenikir
(Cosmos caudatuc HBK) dan Profil KLT, Skripsi, Fakultas Farmasi UII,
Yogyakarta.
Bastanta, D., dkk., 2017. Pengaruh perbandingan sari sirsak dengan sari bit dan
konsentrasi gula terhadap sirup sabit. Jurnal Rekaysa Pangan dan
Pertanian. 5 (1) : 102-108.
Bazzano LA, Serdula MK, Liu S. 2003. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables
and risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep.5 __ : 492–9.
Bryan, S. Nathan., Pierini, Carolyn. 2013. Beet the Odds : Harness the Power of
Beetroots to Radically Transform Your Health. USA.
Budiayu, Y. 2002. Daya terima dan kandungan zat gizi selai campuran tempe
dan pisang raja bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.). [Skripsi]. Bogor : Fakultas
Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Budiman, Iwan dan Destina, Tria. 2014. Efek Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)
Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Tahun 2014. ___
Camara, M.; Diez, C.; Torija, E.1995. Chemical characterization of pineapple
juices and nectars.Principal components analysis. Food Chem., 54,
93–100.

62
Coles, Leah T, Clifton dan Peter M. 2012. Effect of beetroot juice on lowering
blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-
controlled trial. Nutritional Journal, 11 (106).
Dauchet, L dan Colleages. 2007. Dietary patterns and blood pressurechange
over 5-y follow up in the SU. VI. MAX cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 85 (6) : 1650-
1656.
De Garmo, E.P.W.G. Sullivan dan J.R. Canada. 1984. Engineering Economy The
7th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Comp., New York.
De Man, J. M. 1997. Kimia makanan. Bandung : ITB
Erlund I., Koli R., Alfthan G., Marniemi J., Puukka P., Mustonen P., et al. 2008.
Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood
pressure, and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr, 87: 323–331, Mei
2018
Febry, Ayu Bulan K. D. 2014. Jus & infused water buah-sayuran ampuh tumpas
penyakit, awet muda, dan langsing. Jakarta : Loveable.
Feby HDA. 2013. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tekanan Darah Di
Puskesmas Telaga Murni. Cikarang Barat. Jurnal ilmiah kesehatan. __ :
21-3.
Freedman, J.E., Parker, C., Li, L. et al,. 2001. Select Flavonoids and Whole Juice
From Purple Grapes Inhibit Platelet Fuction and Enhanced Nitric
Oxide Release. Circulation, 103 : 2792, Mei 2018
Fusco, Elizabeth B.S, et al,. 2013. Eat More Veggies to Boost Your Dietary
Nitrates. http://archive.usrowing.org/news/details/13-03-
18/Eat_More_Veggies_to_Boost_Your_Dietary_Nitrates.aspx, Diakses 14
Juni 2017.
Gordon, M.H 1990. The mechanism of antioxidants action in vitro. Di dalam:
B.J.F. Hudson, editor.Food Antioxidants. Elsivier Applied Science, London.
Gorenjak A. H., Cencič A. 2013. Nitrate in vegetables and their impact on human
health. A review. Acta Alimentaria. 42 (2) :158–172.
Halim SS. Pengaruh Jus Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Tekanan Darah. Skripsi.
Bandung: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Marantha. 2011.
Hanani E, Mun’im A, Sekarini R. 2005. Identifikasi senyawa antioksidan dalam
spons Callyspongia sp. dari Kepulauan Seribu. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian
2(3):127-133.
Hanifan, dkk., 2016. Pengaruh Substitusi Sari Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.)
terhadap Kadar Kalium, Pigmen Betalain dan Mutu Organoleptik Permen
Jeli. Majalah Kesehatan FKUB. 3 (1) : __.
Harahap, Heryudarini. 2009. Pengaruh Diet Penurunan Berat Badan dan
Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Prahipertensi yang Kegemukan. Disertasi.
Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

63
Hayat, I.U, dkk. 2015. Pengaruh sari buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) terhadap
aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak tongkol jagung (Zea mays l.). Jurnal
Ilmiah Fantasi- UNSRAT, 3 (4) , Agustus 2015.
Hermann M, Flammer A, Thomas F. Lüscher.2006. "Nitric oxide in hypertension."
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 8 (12): 17-29.
Hernani dan Rahardjo. 2005. Tanaman Berkhasiat Antioksidan. Penebar
Swadaya Wisma Hijau.
Hernani, Raharjo, M., 2005. Tanaman berkhasiat Antioksidan. Penebar Swadya:
Jakarta.
Hidayat, N dan Saati, E.A. 2006. Membuat Pewarna Alami. Cetakan Pertama.
Surabaya : Trubus Agrisarana
Hord N. G., Tang Y., Bryan N. S. 2009. Food Sources of Nitrates and Nitrites:
The Physiologic Context for Potential Health Benefits. The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90 (1) :1–10.
Hossain , M. A an d M. M.A. Rah man. 2011. Total Phenoli Cs, Flavonoids
And Antioxidant Activity Of Tropical Fruit Pineapple. Food Res. Int.
44: 672–676.
Kaplan NM. 1994. Hypertension with pregnancy and pill, In Kaplan NM, editor,
Clinical Hypertension.Williams &Wilkins: Baltimore, USA.
Karanja, N, et al,. 2007. Acceptability of sodium-reduced research diets, including
the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertention diet, among adults with
hypertention and stage 1 hypertension. 107 (9) : 1530-1538.
Katan M. B. 2009. Nitrate in foods: harmful or healthy?. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. 90 (1) : 11–12.
Katan MB. Nitrate in foods: harmful or healthy?. Am J Clin Nutr . 2009; 90: 11–2.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Buku Survei Konsumsi
Makanan Individu dalam Studi Diet Total 2014. Jakarta : Lembaga
Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2014. Pusat data dan informasi kesehatan
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Hipertensi . Pusat data dan
informasi kesehatan, Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kerry J and D Ledward. Meat Processing. New York: CRC press. 2001.
Kilfoy BA, et al., 2010. Dietary nitrate and nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer in
the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Int J Cancer. 129(1) :160–72, 2 Juli
2018.
Kowalak, Jennifer P et al. 2003. Buku Ajar Patofisiologi. Diterjemahkan oleh dr.
Andy Hartono. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC : Jakarta.

64
Kowalski, R. E. 2007. Terapi Hipertensi : Program 8 Minggu Menurunkan
Tekanan Darah Tinggi dan Mengurangi Risiko Serangan Jantung dan
Stroke Secara Alami. Diterjemahkan oleh : Rani S. Ekawati). Penerbit
Qanita, Bandung.
Landiasari, Debby Andina. 2011. Dosis Jus Buah Nanas ( Ananas comosus Merr.)
sebagai Diuresis pada Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Skripsi,
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
Lemmens, R.H.M.J. dan W.N. Soetjipto. 1992. Dye and Tannin Producing Plants.
Di dalam Plant resources of Southeast Asia No.3.Wageningen.The
Netherlands.Pudoc/Prosea.
Lu, Guiping., Edwards, Charles G., Fellman , John K. D., Mattinson, Scott., dan
Navazio, John . 2003. Biosynthetic Origin of Geosmin in Red Beets (Beta
vulgaris L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (4) , Mei 2018.
Maria, Genilda. dkk. 2012. Hubungan Asupan Natrium dan Kalium dengan
Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Unit Rawat Jalan di Rumah
Sakit Guido Valadares Dili Timor Leste. Prodi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas
Kesehatan Universitas Respati Yogyakarta.
Mastuti. 2010. Identifikasi Pigmen Betasianin Pada Beberapa Jenis Inflorescence
Celosia, J. Bio., Yogyakarta.
McFall JM, Barkley JE, Gordon KL, Burzsminski N, Glickman EL. 2010. Effect of
the DASH Diet on Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensive Individuals in a Free-
Living Environment. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights. 3 (15–23).
Mensinga T. T., Speijers G. J. A., Meulenbelt J. 2003. Health implications of
exposure to environmental nitrogenous compounds. Toxicological
Reviews. 22 (1) : 41–51.
Mirvish S. S. 1995. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in
etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and
contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Letters. 93
(1) : 17– 48.
Nemzer Boris, Zbigniew Piettrzkowski, Aneta Sporna, Pawel Stalica, Wayne
Thresher, Tadeusz Michalowski. 2011. Betalainic And Nutritional
Profiles Of Pigment -Enriched Red Bit Root (Beta Vulgaris L.) Dried
Extracts. Food Chemistry 127 : 42–53.
Nuraini, Bianti. 2015. Risk Factors of Hypertension. Artikel review : Faculty of
Medicine, University of Lampung. untuk Junal Majority. Vol. 4 No.5,
Februari 2015, hal 10-19.
Obarzanek, Eva., Sacks, Frank M., William M Vollmer, George A Bray, Edgar R
Miller III, Pao-Hwa Lin, Njeri M Karanja, Marlene M Most-Windhauser,
Thomas J Moore, Janis F Swain, Connie W Bales, and Michael A
Proschan, on behalf of the DASH Research Group. 2001. Effects on blood
lipids of a blood pressure–lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) Trial1-3. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Vol.74(1):80-89.

65
Okawa, M.J.; Kinjo, T,; Nohara and M.ono. 2001, Mudification Method “ DPPH (2-
2-difenil-1-pikrihidrazil) Radical Scavenring Activity Of Flvonoids Obtained
From Some Medicinal Pants. Biol. Pharm. Bull.,24 (10), 2012.
Okonkwo, S.I, R.U, Ogbuneke dan B.K., Uyo. 2012. Elucidation of Sugar in
Edible Fruit-Pineapple (Ananas Comosus). Reserch Journal of Chemical
Sciences, 2 (20-22), Januari 2012.
Prakash, A., Rigelhof, F., dan Miller, E., 2001. Antioxidant Activity : Medallion
Laboratories, Analithycal Progress. 19 (2): 1-4.
Pratimasari, D. Uji Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Buah Carica papaya L. Dengan
Metode DPPH dan Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Serta Flavonoid Totalnya.
2009.Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta :Surakarta.
Pujol TJ, Tucker JE, Barnes JT. 2010. Diseases Of The Cardiovascular System.
In: Marcia NM, Sucher KP, Roth SL. Nutrition Therapy And
Pathopysiology. 2 th ed. WADSWORTH
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. 2016. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian
Sub Sektor Hortikultura. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informsi Pertanian
Sekretriat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.
Richard Andrison Sadeli . 2016. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH
(1,1-diphenyl-2picylhydrazyl) ekstrak bromelin buah nanas (Ananas
comosus (L) Merr.). (Skripsi) . Yogyakarta : fakultas farmasi . universitas
sanata dharma.
Rizki, Farah. 2013. The Miraacle of Vegetables. Jakarta : Agromedia Pustaka.
Rohman, A., Riyanto. 2005. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu
(Morinda Citrifolia L,). Agritech, 25 (3) :131-136.
Sahutu, S. (1996). Penanganan dan Pengolahan Buah. Penebar Swadaya.
Jakarta.
Santosa S,Ellya R. 2007. Peran F2-Isoprostan dan Nitrik Oksida Sebagai
Penanada Stress Oksidatif dan Disfungsi Endotel pada Penderita
Preeklamsi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 7 (1): 47-54.
Siervo, Mario et al.2013. Inorganic Nitrate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation
Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-
Analysis. J. Nutr. 143 : 818–826.
Sitanggang, S. S. Penetapan kadar kalsium, kalium, dan natrium dalam
buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Cayenne secara
spektrofotometri serapan atom. 2013. Skripsi. Medan: Universitas
Sumatera Utara.
Skoog. D. A., et al,. 2000. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry .Hardcover: 992
pages, Publisher: Brooks Cole.
Soekarto, S.T. dan M. Hubies. 1993. Petunjuk Laboratorium Metode Penilaian
Indrawi. Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi. Institut Pertanian Bogot,
Bogor.

66
Soraya, Noni. 2014. Infused Water: Minuman Alami Bervitamin & Super Sehat.
Penebar Plus.

Stintzing, F.C., Herbach, M. R. Mosshammer, F. Kugler, and R. Carle. 2008.

Betalain Pigments and Color Quality.
Stintzing, F.C., J. Conrad, I. Klaiber, U. Beifuss, R. Carle. 2004. Structural
investigation on betacyanin pigments by LC NMR and 2D spectroscopy.
Phytochem, 65:415-422.
Stintzing,FC., Carle, R. 2004. Functional Properties Of Anthocyanins And
Betalains In Plants, Food, And In Human Nutrition. Trends in Food
Science & Technology 15: 19–38.
Suhartono E., Fujiati dan Aflanie I. 2002. Oxygen toxicity by radiation and
effect of glutamic piruvat transamine (GPT) activity rat plasma
after vitamine C treatmen. Makalah Seminar on Enviromental Chemistry
and Toxicology. Yogyakarta. 7 Maret 2002.
Sunarni, T. 2005. Aktivitas Antioksidan Penangkap Radikal Bebas Beberapa
Kecambah Dari Biji Tanaman Familia Papilionaceae. Jurnal Farmasi
Indonesia, 2 (2) : 53-61
Tambayong, Jan. 2000. Patofisiologi untuk Keperawatan. Jakarta : EGC
Taniyama, Yoshihiro, Griendling KK. 2003. Reactive oxygen species in the
vasculature molecular and cellular mechanisms. Hypertension. 42 (6):
1075-1081.
Terry P., Terry J. B., Wolk A. 2001. Fruit and vegetable consumption in the
prevention of cancer: an update. Journal of Internal Medicine. 250 (4) :
280–290.
U.S Department Of Health and Human Resource. 2006. Your Guide to Lowering
Your Blood Pressure with DASH.USA : NIH Publication.
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. 2016.
“National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28, Basic
Report: 09409, Pineapple juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, with
added ascorbic acid”. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2415,
Diakses 20 Mei 2017.
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. 2016.
“National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28, Basic
Report: 11080, Beets, raw”. 20 Mei 2017.
https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2863
Uppu, R.M., Murthy, S.N., Pryor, W.A., dan Prinandi, N.L., 2010. Free Radicals
and Antioxidant Protocols. Humana Press : New York.
V. Kapil, R. S. Khambata, A. Robertson, M. J. Caulfield, and A. Ahluwalia. 2015
Dietary nitrate provides sustained blood pressure lowering in hypertensive
patients: a randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Hypertension, 65 (2) : 320–327.

67
Van Velzen A. G., Sips A. J. A. M., Schothorst R. C., Lambers A. C., Meulenbelt
J. 2008. The oral bioavailability of nitrate from nitrate-rich vegetables in
humans. Toxicology Letters. 181 (3) : 177–181.
Volmer WM, Sacks FM, Ard J, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Morton DGS. 2001. Effect of
diet and sodium intake on blood pressure : Sub group analysis of the
DASH- sodium trial. Ann Intern Med. 135 : 1019-1028.
Webb A. J., Patel N., Loukogeorgakis S., et al. 2008. Acute blood pressure
lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via
bioconversion to nitrite. Hypertension. 51 (3) : 784–790.
Williams, Melvin H. 2012. Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitric Oxide and Exercise
Performance. FACS Eminent Scholar Emeritus Department of Human
Movement Sciences Old Dominion : University Norfolk
Williams’, 2013. Basic Nutrition and Diet Theraphy. Canada : Library of Congress
Cataloging in Publication Data. Edisi ke-14.
Winarno, F. G. 1993. Pangan, Gizi, Teknologi dan Konsumen. Jakarta : PT.
Gramedia Utama.
Winarno, F.G. 2004. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Winarno, F.G. dan Kartawidjajaputra, Felicia., 2007. Pangan Fungsional dan
Minuman Energi. Bogor M-BRIO PRESS, Cetakan 1.
Winarsi, H. 2008. Antioksidan Alami dan Radikal Bebas : Potensi dan Aplikasinya
dalam Kesehatan. Kanisius : Yogyakarta.
World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases
2014 [Internet]. 2014. http://apps.who. i n t / i r i
s/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf?ua=1 , Diakses
Desember 2017.
Yaswir, R., & Ferawati, I. 2012. Fisiologi dan gangguan keseimbangan natrium,
kalium dan klorida serta pemeriksaan laboratorium. Jurnal Kesehatan
Andalas,1(2), 78-84.
Yuslianti, E.R. 2018. Pengantar Radikal Bebas dan Antioksidan. Penerbit
Deepublish, Yogyakarta.
Zheng, jie., Zhou, Yue., et al. 2017. Effect and Mechanism of Fruit and Vegetable
Juices on Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal off Molecular
Science : Review Article. Vol.18.

68