Abstract

This study describes the internet usage of high school students through their lerning approaches.
In this study, 41 high school students of SMA N 3 Bukittinggi were subjected and ASSIST that
conducted by Entwistle (Approach and Study Skill inventory for Students) was used. This tool
consist of two dimensions, deep approach and surface approach. Each approach has 4
characteristics that used as indicator to describe it. According to data obtained, 56.3% of the
students use deep approach while using internet that consist of 28.6% tends seeking meaning,
15.4% tends relating ideas, 7.2 % tends to use evidence and 5.1 % interest in ideas. There are
43.7 % of the students use surface approach, that consist of 10% lack of purpose, 15.6 unrelating
memorize, 7.2% syllabus boundness, and 10.9% fear failure.

Key words : the use of internet, high school students, learning approach, deep approach, surface
approach

1. Introduction

Nowadays, internet usage is rising up because the internet provides a global system of
interconnected networks across the world. In the educational term, the internet provides many
information sources for many educational purposes learning that can be used by students.
Moreover, lately most of high school students have a smartphone that creates handy-internet
access, so it is helpful for them to solve their problems in learning wherever they stay. Although
it gives many eases, internet also has a negative effect for students’ learning cognitive such as
distraction students concentration while learning, the eases make students tend to procrastinate in
doing task, plagiarism and some incorrect informations. Because of that, government think that
the students must be given guidance on how to use internet maximally with avoiding the
negative one. For guiding students to avoid negative effect in using of internet, the teachers have
to know the students’ way of using internet and the level of students’ information literacy as their
way of finding information. High level of information literacy will lead to meaningful learning.
In many researches, it was found that high academic success and meaningful learning skill are
capabilities exhibited by students who adopted the deep learning approach. In general, there are
two kinds of learning approaches; deep and surface learning. Deep learning focuses on finding
conceptions for understanding whereas surface learning focuses on finding information for rote
learning and unrelated memorizing. Some problems are found that the teacher did not know how
the students use internet nor give them the guidance how use it briefly and the students could not
comprehend the material and the lesson although they used internet. This research described the
internet usage of high school students by identify their learning approaches as the way to solve
the problem above.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Internet in Education

Internet is a media with the largest networking communication system that can be used
without limited access as worldwide. It is very useful in education field both teachers and
students. Internet can help teachers to prepare their teaching activity and help students for doing
all kinds of assignment and preparing exam. There are several functions of internet; storehouse
of references, free access among the country, quick information access, low cost to access and
diversity information (UNESCO, 2003). Besides has many benefit, internet also has
disadvantages for student distraction students’ concentration, makes students procrastinate in
doing task, plagiarism and some incorrect informations will lead to miss-conception in learning.

2.2 Relationship between Using Internet and Learning Approach

The huge resources from the internet does not guarantee that every student who using
internet will be smart and reach the high achievement, it depends on their ability to use it. The
abilities that are needed by students in using internet are ability to find and to process the
information that were called as information literacy. High level of information literacy will lead
to meaningful learning. To reach the high level of information literacy, the students need some
skills as stated by American Association of School Librarians, (2008) Literate the students be
able to; Inquire, think critically and gain knowledge and lead it to draw conclusions, make
informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations and create the new knowledge. The
aforementioned skills are also the capabilities exhibited by students who adopted deep learning
approach. Many researches associated meaningful learning and the skills above with deep
learning approach;
 a. Research by Tang in Byrne et.al : When assessment is perceived to require high level
cognitive processing to demonstrate a thorough understanding, integration and
application of the context knowledge, then students are more likely to adopt a deep
approach.
b. Research that was conducted by Robotham ( in Sarah, 2013) through table he links
meaningful learning in high quality of learning was indicated in deep learning and
processing.
c. Byrne, Flood & Willis : Students achieving a high level of understanding had adopted
a deep approach to learning. They set out with the intention of understanding the
material, questioned the arguments, and related them to their prior knowledge and
personal experiences.
2.3 Learning Approach
Learning approach is the students’ belief about the nature of learning that very influence
them in acquiring the knowledge. At the first learning approach introduced Marton and Saljo,
by analyzing their empirical study, they found two approaches that clearly different: deep and
surface. Then, it was continued by research about the learning approaches in higher
education context that were created by Entwistle and Ramsden United Kingdom, he found
three learning approach; deep, surface and strategic that reframed in ASI (Approaches to
Studying Inventory), in his recent research it is be ASSIST. In line with Entwistle, Biggs also
find three learning approaches ; deep, surface and achieving trough Study Processes
Questionnaire (SPQ) in Australia. In recent study found that strategic and achieving learning
approach are removed, so only two learning approaches are avowed (deep and surface).
Students who adopted deep approach have intrinsic motivation to find out their own
understanding with the content. According to Biggs(1987), surface approach is instrumental
motive to avoid failure by using minimum effort with reproductive strategy; bound and rote
learning. the characteristic for each can be seen through ASSIST by Entwistle:
Students who adopts deep approach:
- Seeking meaning : Reading from many sources, draw out the content, and try to
comprehend the information found.
- Relating ideas : Integrate all the information into a whole, integrate the information with
background knowledge and real life experience.
 - Use evidence : Analyzing information that found from internet, examine the evidence,
and see reason behind the evidence.
- Interesting in ideas : Prefer to use internet for searching learning material and feel
unpressured while using internet for learning to get more knowledge

Students who adopts surface approach:

- Lack of purpose : The students using internet for the purposes of the task itself, excavate
the material from internet is useless, and do not why should be done.
- Unrelated memorizing : Failed to relate all the knowledge that was found from internet,
using internet for searching pieces information to be memorized, rote learning
- Syllabuss-boundness : Border concentration on certain information that is found from
internet, and see all the information from the internet as bits of knowledge.
- Fear to failure : The students use internet for answering task with pressure feeling, and
worry about the work
3. Method
The descriptive quantitative research are used in this study in order to describe students’
using internet that will be identify through their learning approaches.
3.1 subject
Population of this research is all of the students at second grade of SMA N 3

Bukittinggi in academic year 2018/2019 with the total number of the students is two

hundred and seven students. The sample would be taken by using random sampling with

20% respondents from the population.There are 41 students as respondents.

3.2 instrument

the researcher will use questionnaire for the first step, and then continue by interview to

make sure and obtain the data in detail. The type of questionnaire that will be used in this

research is closed-ended questionnaire. This research uses 5 rating-scale for the questionnaire

; 5 =always, 4= almost always, 3= about half the time, 2= rarely, 1= never. the questionnaire

will be conducted by using eight sub point,s (subscales) of ASSIST. For each sub point, the
 researcher will conduct 3-4 statements that stand from 15 statements for deep and 15

statements for surface. In amount, there are 30 statements for the questionnaire. To make

sure the data, this study also use small number interview. This research use semi-structured

interview that consists of close and open-ended question.

3.3 data collection and analysis

To collect the data, the researcher do some steps as follow:

1. the respondents are given the questionnaire and then explanation how to fill the questionnaire

2.give the time to the students for fill the questionnaire honestly

3. collect the questionnaire

To analyze the data, this research will analyze by5 rating scales as stated above through the

following step: