PREFACE

Principles of Computer Communication Networks is primarily intended for

use in an undergraduate course in Computer Networks and Communication
Systems. The method of presentation of each chapter makes this book a
comprehensive resource for anyone pursuing a career in
telecommunications and data communication. It also serves as a beginner's
guide to communication systems, transmission media, data communication
protocols and standards, networking and error detection and correction
techniques.

This book is divided into seven chapters: the first three chapters deal with
fundamental issues and concepts of communication networks along with
their transmission media. Chapter four detailed on the OSI/ISO protocol
architecture while chapter five and six focused on protocols and standards
of communication networks. Finally, it ends with methods for detection and
correction of transmission errors.

I sincerely appreciate God Almighty for His infinite mercy, wisdom and
protection over my family. Thanks to my dearly beloved brother: G. J.
Okundamiya, Esq. for his support and concern in taking time out of his
tight schedule to edit this book.

M. S. Okundamiya
October, 2009.
st_mico@yahoo.com
 ii Principles of Computer Communication Networks

CONTENTS

Preface vi

Contents vii

Chapter One: Rudiments of Communication Networks

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Basic Communication System 2

1.3 Transmission Impairments 7
1.3.1 Attenuation Distortion 7

1.3.2 Delay Distortion 8

1.3.3 Noise 8

1.4 Types of Communication Systems 10

Chapter Two: Transmission Media

2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Twisted Pair 11
2.3 Coaxial Cable 12
2.4 Optical Fibre 13
2.5 Terrestrial Radio 15
2.6 Satellite Radio 17

Chapter Three: Issues in Computer Communication Networks

3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Switching Techniques 20
 M. S. Okundamiya iii

3.2.1 Circuit Switching 21

3.2.2 Message Switching 21
3.2.3 Packet Switching 21
3.3 Switching Mechanisms 25
3.3.1 Virtual Circuit (Connection-Oriented) Mechanism 25
3.3.2 Datagram Service Mechanism 27
3.3.3 Source Routing Mechanism 28
3.4 Services and Applications 28
3.5 Design Considerations in Computer Networking 29
3.6 Need for Layered Approach and Protocol Standards 35

Chapter Four: ISO/OSI Protocol Architecture

4.1 Introduction 38
4.2 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model 38
4.2.1 Physical Layer 42
4.2.2 Data-Link Layer 44
4.2.3 Network Layer 49
4.2.4 Transport Layer 51
4.2.5 Session Layer 52
4.2.6 Presentation Layer 52
4.2.7 Application Layer 53
4.3 Network Interface Adapters 54
4.4 Protocols in Network Communications 55

Chapter Five: Local Area Network Protocols and Standards

5.1 Introduction 58
 iv Principles of Computer Communication Networks

5.2 LAN Topologies 58

5.2.1 Bus Topology 59
5.2.2 Star Topology 61
5.2.3 Tree Topology 62
5.2.4 Ring Topology 63
5.2.5 Hierarchical Star Topology 65
5.2.6 Mesh Topology 65
5.3 Classification of LANs 67
5.4 Ethernet LAN 68
5.4.1 Ethernet Addresses 69
5.4.2 Ethernet Frame Format 70
5.5 LAN Protocol Layers 70
5.5.1 Physical Layer 71
5.5.2 Data-Link Layer 71
5.6 Medium Access Control Protocols in LANs 72
5.7 LAN Standards 75
5.7.1 IEEE 802.2 Standard 75
5.7.2 IEEE 802.3 Standard 76
5.7.3 IEEE 802.4 Standard 77
5.7.4 IEEE 802.5 Standard 78
5.7.5 IEEE 802.12 Standard 79
5.7.6 Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LAN 80
5.8 LAN Bridge 80
5.8.1 Local Bridge 81
5.8.2 Translation Bridge 82
5.8.3 Remote Bridge 82
 M. S. Okundamiya v

5.9 Wireless LANs Standards 82

5.9.1 Wireless LANs Topologies 83
5.9.2 IEEE 802.11 Family Standards 84
5.9.3 Medium Access Control 86
5.9.4 Wireless Fidelity 86
5.9.5 Mobile IP 87
5.9.6 IEEE 802.15.3 Standard 89
5.9.7 High Performance LAN 89

Chapter Six: Wide Area Networking and X.25 Protocols

6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Issues in Wide Area Networking 91
6.3 Overview of X.25 92
6.3.1 Satellite-Based X.25 Network 98
6.3.2 Addressing in X.25 Networks 99

Chapter Seven: Error Detection and Correction Techniques

7.1 Introduction 101

7.2 Error Detection Techniques 102
7.2.1 Parity 102
7.2.2 Block Codes 103
7.3 Error Correction Techniques 106
Index 110

References 114
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