Alis 10 Notes

ALI,S ONLINE UPDATE
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AUTHOR: RAZA ALI CHANDIO
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CONTENTS
1 THE VOICE OF GOD (POEM)
2 THE WISE CALIPH
3 PROFESSIONS (A) TEACHING (B) FISHING
4 LITTLE THINGS (POEM)
5 A VISIT
6 KING FAISAL
7 FROM A RAILWAY CARRAIGE (POEM)
8 DIGNITY OF WORK
9 A NATION`S STRENGTH (POEM)
10 BEAUTIFUL HANDS (POEM)
11 A VILLAGE FAIR
12 SPEAK GENTLY (POEM)
13 SHOPPING
14 THE HANDS THAT ROCKS THE CRADLE (POEM)
15 AN AFRICAN VILLAGE
16 KING BRUCE AND THE SPIDER (POEM)
17 THE INHERITORS
18 CASABIANCA (POEM)
19 THE KHYBER PASS
20 THE MINSTREL BOY (POEM)
21 HOW TO DO THINGS (A) ARRANGING A PARTY (B) MENDING A PUNCTURE
22 THE USES OF ADVERSITY (POEM)
23 MAKING A SUMMARY
24 THERE`S A GOOD TIME COMING (POEM)
25 THE COSTOMS OF VARIOUS REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
26 THE MAN WHO WINS (POEM)

THE VOICE OF GOD
(This poem is written by Louis I. Newman (1893 – 1972). He was born in Providence Rhods Island
(USA). He studied at Brown University and after his doctorate lectured at Columbia. He is the
author of many books on religious subjects. This poem brings out his religious bent of mind)
I Sought to hear the voice of God,
And climbed the topmost steeple,
But God declared: “Go down again,
I dwell among the people.”
(SUMMARY)
In this poem the poet says that he wanted to hear “The Voice of God” so he climbed over a very
high tower but God ordered him to go back again and find him in people.
(CENTRAL IDEA)
If someone wants to be close to God, he should not aloof himself from people. God is always with people.
(QUESTIONS & ANSWERS)

Q.1: Who wrote the poem “The Voice Of God”? & what do you know about the writer? (2010)
Ans: This excelent poem “The Voice Of God” has been composed by an American poet Louis I.
Newman. He has born in 1893 in Providence Rhods Island (USA) his doctorate, he served as a lecture at
Coloumbia. Since he was literary man by nature & possessed a distinctive place in english literature. He
was a religious minded man & wrote many books an religious subjects. He deid in 1972.
Q.2: Why did author climb the steeple?
Ans: The author climbed the steeple to hear the voice of God. He wanted to seek the God at Higher
places.
Q.3: Why did God tell the poet to go down again? (2012) (2011)

Ans: God told the poet to go down again becouse we can seek the pleasure of God by serving the people
on earth in order to search him among the hearts of the people. God loves those who love the mankind.
Q.4: What is the message of the poem “The Voice Of God”? (2015)
Ans: The message of this poem is that God is present everywhere. He is all seeing & all hearing. The bet
way to serve God is to serve the fellow – beings.
Q.5: What does the declaration “ I dwell among the people” mean?
Ans: God is every where. He does not live in the sky. He lives among the people. He lives in the heart of all
human beings.
(FILL IN THE BLANKS)

1. The poem “The Voice Of God” has written by_______________________.
2. I sought to hear the voice of God , Here I has been used for____________________.
3. The word “Topmost” means___________________.
4. The poet climbed the topmost_________________.
5. But God declared: Go down again, Here “go down” means______________________.
6. “And climbed the topmost steeple”, this line has occurred in the poem____________.
7. “I dwell among the people” , here “I” has been used for __________________.
8. Louis I. Newman was born in_____________________.
9. Louis I. Newman was died in_____________________.
10. Providence Rhods Island is in ____________________.
11. Louis take doctor lectured at_____________________.
12. Louis is the author of many______________________.
13. Louis wrote on ____________________ subject.
14. Where the poet Louis climb________________?
15. God tell the poet to go ___________________.
16. God send the author down again to dwell____________________.
17. The poet climbed on steeple to hear voice of_________________.
18. _____________the tallest part of a religious building.
19. Steeple is the ____________ part of a religious building.
20. The poet tired to hear the _____________.

PASSAGE
I sought to hear the voice of God,
And climbed the topmost steeple,
But God declared: “Go down again,
I dwell among the people.”
1. Name the poem & the poet/poetess?

2. Why did author climb the steeple?
3. What happened when the poet reached the steeple

THE WISE CALIPH
The Caliph Haroon-ur-Rashid was known & respected for his justic & wisdom. At night, he would
disguise himself as a common man & go through the street of Baghdad. He would mingle with the common
people in order to gain first-hand knowledge of their difficulties & problems‫۔‬
One day, when he was holding court, two men were brought before him. One of them was well-dressed &
appeared to be a well-to-do, respectable citizen, while the other seemed to be a beggar, becouse he was
in rags. These two men were holding between them a beautiful white horse. The Qazi approached the
Caliph & said to him: “O Leader of the Faithful! I`ve brought before you a dispute which I could not settle.
It is a difficult case, but I am certain that your knowledge and wisdom, you will pronounce a just decision.‫۔‬
“What is the dispute?” asked the Caliph.
“These two men here are fighting over his horse. Each one of them claims & swears that this horse is
his. ”Step forward,” the Caliph ordered the well-dressed man, “and let`s hear what you have to say.”
The man said to the Caliph: “O Leader of the Faithful! I beg to believe me that whatever I say in your
presence shall be the truth. This morning, when I was riding to the city, I saw this begger limping along
ahead of me, on hearing the sound of my horse`s hoofs, he turned round and motioned to me to stop. I
pulled the reins of my horse. He begged me to give him a ride upto the city gate. He was lame. I felt sorry
for him. So I pulled him up behind me on the horse. When we reached the city gate, I stopped & turned
round to help him to get down. He refused to dismount. I was puzzled, and gently told him to get down
becouse we had reached the city gate. He said: “Why should I get down? I gave you a ride and now you
want to rob me of my horse?”
Then the beggar limped forward and said: "O Leader of the Faithful! You are the helper and guardian of the
poor. You are a wise and just Caliph. Have pity on me and save me from the cruelty and injustice of this rich
man. I can swear that this horse belongs to me. You must be thinking, like everybody else in this court, how
a beggar like me can afford to buy and keep such a fine horse.It is because of this horse that I am in'
rags.Whatever money I had, I spent on this horse.This morning, as I was coming to the city on my horse, I
noticed this man walking along the road.When I came close to him, he stopped me and requested to lend
him my horse for he was in a great hurry to reach the city.Of course, I could not lend my horse to a complete
stranger. Could I? Instead, I let him ride my horse, while I sat behind him. As we reached the city gate, he
asked me to get down and leave the horse to him. Such a fine horse should not belong to a beggar, he
said.'Now, be off and don't you mention it to anyone. And even if you do, nobody is going to believe
you.Now, Sir I beg you to save me from this robber and restore to me what is my own.”
"I think this case is not very difficult to decide," said the Caliph to the Qazi. "I shall decide it in a minute.
Tell these men to place their hands on the horse, one by one. Let the beggar do it first."

When the beggar touched the horse, it winced as if it did not like the touch of his hand. But at the touch of
the rich man's hand, the horse snorted and neighed with pleasure.
This horse belongs to him," pronounced the Caliph, “Give the horse to its master." Then the Caliph turned
to the beggar and said: "You are a liar and a wicked man. You tried to rob an honest and respectable
citizen. You deserve severe punishment, but I shall be merciful and forgive you this time, if you, beg
forgiveness of this gentleman here."
The rich man readily forgave the beggar and, feeling sorry for him, took out his purse and gave him a
handful of gold coins. This noble action of the rich man pleased everybody in the court.
(SUMMARY)
Caliph Haroon-ur-Rashid was famous for his justice and wisdom. Once a Qazi brought a case before him
which he could not settle. Two men claimed ownership of a horse. One man was rich and the other was
poor. The Caliph ordered both the men to touch the horse one by one. When the beggar touched the horse,
it winced as if it did not like his touching. On the touch of the rich man, it neighed with pleasure. The Caliph
declared his judgement that the horse belonged to the rich man. He forgave the beggar. The rich man also
forgave him and gave him a handful of gold coins.
(THE CALIPH`S DECISION TO RESOLVE THE CASE BETWEEN THE TWO

CLAIMANTS OF THE HORSE)
To justify among the people is one of the hardest job for a ruler. The right decision wins the hearts of the
people. The Caliph Haroon-ur-Rasheed who possessed in im some extra ordinary qualities of judgment of
the people as well as the routine matters of life, has been famous in history as a shrewd justice caliph.
Once when he was holding court, two men were brought before him. One of them was well dressed and
appeared to be a well to do, respectable citizen, while the other seemed to be a beggar because he was in
rags. These two men were holding between them a white horse which was a bone of contention between
them. The Qazi showed his inefficiency to settle the case as both of them claimed the same horse. The
caliph first listened to individual statements over their ownership caliph ordered the beggar to touch the
horse. When he touched the horse it winced showing its displeasure but at the touch of the rich man and
neighed with pleasure. As a horse is familiar to its master thus with the reaction of the horse it was
discovered that the beggar was a liar and a confirmed rogue. The caliph ordered the beggar to beg
forgiveness of the real owner of the horse. Then the 's hand, the horse snorted 9 And the horse was given
to its master.

Q.1: What was Caliph Haroon-ur-Rasheed known and respected for? Haw did he keep himself a
ware of people's problems? (2017) (2016) (2012)
Ans: Caliph Haroon-ur-Rasheed was known and respected for his justice and wisdom. He would
disguise himself as a common man and go through the streets of Baghdad at night. He would
mingle with common people and talk to them freely
Q.2: Why did he go through the streets of Baghdad at night? (2016) (2015)
Ans: He went through the streets of Baghdad at night to get the first hand knowledge of the
difficulties and problems of common people. He would talk to them and share with them their
problems. in this way he kept himself aware of their problems and cifficulties.
Q.3: What did the Qazi say to the Caliph?
Ans: The Qazi said to the Caliph that he had brought a case before him which he could not settle.
He said that it was a difficult case but he was sure that the wise Caliph would settle the case easily.
He also said hat he was certain that he would pronounce a just decesion
Q.4: What was the dispute between the rich man and the beggar?
Ans: The dispute between the rich man and the beggar was over a white horse. Each of them
claimed to be the owner of the horse. The horse was very beautiful, white and expensive.
Q.5: What did the rich man tell the Caliph?
Ans: The rich man told the Caliph that he gave a ride to the other man. As he was limping along
the road, he took pity on him and gave him the ride. However, he refused to dismount the horse
on reaching the city gate by saying that he was the owner of the harse.
Q.6: What did the beggar tell the Caliph?
Ans: The beggar told the Caliph that he gave the ride to the other man because he was in a hurry
to reach the city. On reaching the city gate, he refused to dismount the horse by saying that such
a fine horse should not belong to a beggar. And he was in rags because of this horse, he had spent
all his money on this horse
Q.7: Why did the beggar refuse to get down the horse?

Ans: The beggar refused to get down the horse because he wanted to rob the horse of the rich
man. He was a poor man and he thought that he could become rich by getting this horse. The horse
was of a very good kind and appeared to be very costly.
Q.8: What did the harse do when the beggar touched it?
Ans: The horse winced when the beggar touched it, this showed that it did not like the beggars
touch. The horse is a very faithful animal and recognizes its master. The wincing of the horse clearly
showed hat the horse did not belong to the beggar
Q.9: How did the horse feel when the rich man touched it?
Ans: The horse felt very happy when the rich man touched it. it clearly showed that the horse
belonged to the rich man. The horse is a very faithful animal and loves its master. The horse
showed its pleasure by neighing happily.
Q.10: What did the Caliph say to the beggar? (2014)
Ans: The Caliph told the beggar that ha was a liar, He tried to rob the horse of the rich man
However, he would forgive him for his fault but he should ask pardon of the rich man.
Q.11: What did the rich man do to the beggar?
Ans: The rich man forgave him for his cheating. He also gave him a handful of gold coins thinking
that he was very poor He felt sorry for him, The rich man's noble action pleased everyone in the
court.
Q.12: How can we say that the Caliph was very wise in pronouncing the judgment?
Ans: The Caliph was very wise in pronouncing the judgment because he was gifted with wisdom.
The Caliph knew that the horse is a very faithful animal and loves its master. He used this
characteristic of horses to pronounce the judgment.
Q.13: How did the Caliph prove that the beggar was a liar? OR How did the Caliph discover the
real owner of the horse? (2013) (2010)
Ans: The Caliph, after listening to the statements both the persons, ordered them to touch the
horse one by one. When the beggar touched the horse, it winced as did not like the touch of his
hand. But at the touch of the rich man's hand, the horse snorted and neighed with pleasure. The
horse is familiar to its master. Thus the caliph, with the help of the psychology of the real owner

of the horse by its action, discovered the real owner of the horse, and easily proved that the beggar
was a liar, and a bandit..

1. Caliph Haroun-ur-Rashid was known for his justice and________________.
2. He would__________with the common people to get the first in knowledge.
3. __________was the capital of his empire.
4. The caliph went through the streets of Baghdad in the____________.
5. He would mingle with the_____________others people in disguise.
6. The__________brought a dispute which he could not settle.
7. The__________men were fighting over a white horse.
8. The two men were__________and beggar.
9. The__________could not work properly because he was lame.
10. The beggar asked the rich man to give him a____________.
11. The beggar refused to get down the____________.
12. When the beggar touched the horse, it____________.
13. When the_________touched the horse it snorted and neighed with pleasure.
14. The rich man gave the beggar a handful of__________coins.
15. The beggar was a liar and____________man.
ANSWERS:
1.Wisdom 2.Mingle 3.Baghdad 4.Night 5.Common 6.Qazi 7.Rich men 8.Rich men
9.Begger 10.Ride 11.Horse 12.Winced 13.Rich men 14.Gold 15.Wicked
Passages
“I pulled the reins of my horse. He begged me to give him a ride upto the city gate. He was lame. I
felt sorry for him. So I pulled him up behind me on the horse.”
1. Name the lesson & the speaker?

2. Who begged for a ride?
3. Where were these words spoken?
“O Leader of the Faithful! I`ve brought before you a dispute which I could not settle. It is a difficult
case, but I am certain that your knowledge and wisdom, you will pronounce a just decision.

2. Who was the ruler and wisdom leader?
"I think this case is not very difficult to decide," said the Caliph to the Qazi. "I shall decide it in a
minute. Tell these men to place their hands on the horse, one by one. Let the beggar do it first."

2. How caliph said that; “It is not a difficult case”?
3. How many persons are add in this dispute? Name them?
"You are a liar and a wicked man. You tried to rob an honest and respectable citizen. You deserve
severe punishment, but I shall be merciful and forgive you this time, if you, beg forgiveness of this
gentleman here."

2. Who was the liar & Wicked man?
3. Why these words spoken for beggar?

PROFESSION
A: Teaching
One Sindhi word for "teacher" is "Akhund". It comes from a Persian word “Khandan" which
means "to read". It is said that God writes His law on the hearts of men, and a teacher is one who
can read what He writes on the human heart. This message is a reflection of God's word found in
the sacred writings, as well as enshrined in the work of creation, all of which came from the divine
command.
Hence a teacher is a reader par excellence, one who fulfils God's command expressed in the first
word of the revelation (Wahi) which says: "Read". The teacher is one who knows how to read God's
words be it written on the human heart, or the Holy Book or in nature. Hence, our own language
possesses a word "Akhund" which is the best expression of a teacher's status and dignity.
Such a high position requires that the teacher strive to be more and more worthy of it. This a
teacher does by cultivating several personal and professional qualities. This explains, why people
in the East have always had a very high regard for teachers, revering them as holy.
The first and most important quality of a teacher is that he or she loves and appreciates the
profession. He must prefer the welfare and progress of the students and keep their interests in the
first place. He or she has an awe and respect for the human beings, he or she deals with, since
God's law is inscribed upon their hearts. The teachers speak of the wonders of nature with
reverence since they have come into being by divine decree. They ponder over the sacred writings,
which tell us the meaning of life and the way to live it fully. No other work could please them better.
Another necessary quality of good teachers is thirst for knowledge. Before teaching others to read,
they must themselves know how to read. The best teachers are always those who remain students
forever. They are humble enough to learn from any and everyone, even those younger or less
gifted than themselves. This is why they drink deeply from the sources of truth, beauty and
goodness.
A very important quality of a teacher is that he or she not only strives to know what is true, good
and beautiful, but also seeks to incorporate these in the life. They practice what they teach, after
the examples of the prophet of God, who taught by the words in the Holy Book as well as by his
deeds in everyday life.
B: Fishing

About three-fourths of our earth is covered with water. The rivers and oceans of the world are full
of fishes. These fishes are an important source of our food, and millions of people are engaged in
catching fish. This is not just a hobby but an occupation and a flourishing trade. The fishermen
sometimes work individually in their small boats and sometimes work together on large boats with
machinery needed to catch fish from deep waters. They stay at sea for days and even weeks and
return with tons of fish. These ships have proper arrangements for storing the fish so that "catch"
is not spoilt before reaching the market.
The fishermen of Pakistan also engage in both kinds of fishing inland or freshwater fishing, and sea
or marine fishing. Freshwater fish are caught from rivers, streams, canals, lakes and ponds. This is
done with nets of various sizes. These fishermen sometimes need no boats at all. The fish caught
from fresh water are usually small but more tasty. They are sold locally as well as sent to the nearby
towns.
Marine fishing is done in the Arabian Sea along the coast. In fishing season, boats of all sizes go
out, face the dangers of the sea and catch fish. Sometimes the weather turns rough without any
warning. These boats are then at the mercy of the storms against which they are quite helpless.
The government is now taking keen interest in improving and modernizing the fish industry.
Fishermen are given loans to buy bigger and better boats or trawlers so that they can go farther
from the shore and fish in deeper waters. Fishing nets of good quality are being made available at
low prices. Fish harbours and fish markets are being set up. Weather-stations have been built along
the coast and on off-shore Islands to warn the fishing boats of storms. Some boats are now also
fitted, with wireless receivers. A Fisheries Training institute and a Fisheries Technological
Laboratory have also been established at Karachi. Several by-products are obtained from fish, for
example, glue, manure and liver oil. Fishing is one of our most important industries. But chemical
waste and oil thrown in the rivers and the sea are causing damage to the freshwater and marine
life.
(SUMMARY)
A: Qualities of Teacher
Teaching is a noble profession. It is said that God Writes His law on the hearts of men, and a teacher
is one who can read what He writes be, it written on the human heart, or the Holy Book or in
nature. This is a teacher does by cultivating several personal & professional qualities.

The first and most important quality of a teacher is that he or she loves and appreciates the
profession. He must prefer the welfare and progress of the students and keep their interests in the
first place. He or she has an awe and respect for the human beings, he or she deals with, since
God's law is inscribed upon their hearts. The teachers speak of the wonders of nature with
reverence since they have come into being by divine decree. They ponder over the sacred writings,
which tell us the meaning of life and the way to live it fully. No other work could please them better.
A very important quality of a teacher is that he or she not only strives to know what is true, good
and beautiful, but also seeks to incorporate these in the life. They practice what they teach.
Another necessary quality of good teachers is thirst for knowledge. Before teaching others to read,
they must themselves know how to read. The best teachers are always those who remain students
forever. They are humble enough to learn from any and everyone.
B: Fishing
About three-fourths of our earth is covered with water. The rivers and oceans of the world are full
of fishes. These fishes are an important source of our food, and millions of people are engaged in
catching fish. This is not just a hobby but an occupation and a flourishing trade. The fishermen
sometimes work individually in their small boats and sometimes work together on large boats.
Freshwater fish are caught from rivers, streams, canals, lakes and ponds. The fish caught from fresh
water are usually small but more tasty. Marine fishing is done in the Arabian Sea along the coast.
The government is now taking keen interest in improving and modernizing the fish industry. A
Fisheries Training institute and a Fisheries Technological Laboratory have also been established at
Karachi. Several by-products are obtained from fish, for example, glue, manure and liver oil. Fishing
is one of our most important industries. But chemical waste and oil thrown in the rivers and the
sea are causing damage to the freshwater and marine life.

Q.1 What does “Akhund” mean?
Ans. “Akhund” is a Sindhi word derived from a Persian word “Khandan” which means “to read”.
It is the best word to express the teachers dignity and status.
Q.2 How does a teacher fulfill, God’s command?
Ans. The teacher fulfills God’s command by acting upon the first relation i.e. “to read” (IQRA).
Teacher observe God’s Law by reading from the human heart, the nature and the Holy book.

Q.3 What are the qualities of a teacher?
Ans. Teacher must possess some personal and professionals Gaits. Personal qualities include
interest for knowledge, reverence for all sorts knowledge, preference for students welfare. The
other qualities are love to learn from every source and also to apply practically what he
preaches.
Q.4 Why is fish important for us?
Ans. Fish is important, for us because it is a source of food and several by-products are obtained
from fish i.e. glue, manure, liver oil. Catching fish is one of the most ancient and common
profession of the world due to which a large number of people are engaged with this profession.
It is also a flourishing trade.
Q.5 What are the different modes of fishing?
Ans. Freshment fishing or fishing – inland and sea or marine fishing are the two different modes
of fishing. Freshwater fishing is done in rivers, Lakes, streams, ponds etc while marine fishing is
done in oceans, sea, coastal areas etc.
Q.6 Why do people like freshment fish?
Ans. People like freshment fish because of its delicious taste. They are of very small size and
easier to catch rather than marine fishing. It is usually caught from rivers, lakes, ponds, canals
etc.
Q.7 Where is marine fishing done in Pakistan?
Ans. In Pakistan, marine fishing is done in the Arabian sea long the coast. The hazards of marine
fishing include prolong stay o the fisherman in deep sea. The other danger is sudden change of
weather, which can result in the loss of many lives.
Q.8. What are the causes of damage to the inland and marine life?
Ans: Chemical waste and oil thrown in the rivers and seas are causing damage to the inland and marine
life.
Q.9 Which by-products are obtained from fish?
Ans: Several by -products are obtained from fish, for instance glue, manure and liver oll etc.
Q.10 What steps has the government taken virtually in improving and modernizing the fish
industry?
Ans: The government is now taking keen interest in improving and modernizing the fish that they can go
farther-from-the-shore in deep-waters. Fishing nets of good quality are being made available at low prices.
Fish harbours and markets are being setup, Weather stations have also been built along the coast and on
off shore islands to warn the fishing boats of storms
Q.11 Why do the people in the East have always a very high regard for the teachers?
Ans: The people in the East have always had a very high regard for teachers because to them a teacher is
a holy man who guides their siblings in the way of God. A teacher not only teaches them but also
admonishes them morally. They look up on him their soul parents.

Q.12 Who, according to the capability, are the best teachers?
Ans: The best teachers, according to the capability, are always those who remain students forever. They
are humble enough to learn from any and everyone, even those younger or less gifted than themselves

1. ____________is a sindhi language word for teacher.
2. ____________is a Persian word which means to read.
3. God writes his law on the ___________of men.
4. The teacher is one who known how to _______.
5. Par excellence means__________.
6. The first word of the revelation (Wahi) was___________.
7. A___________cultivates several personal qualities.
8. A teacher loves and appreciates his __________.
9. A teacher must prefer the welfare and progress of his __________ to his own.
10. The best teachers are those who remain___________forever.
11. People in the East have always had a very high regard for___________.
12. About ___________of our earth is covered with water.
13. The river and oceans of the world are___________of fishes.
14. Marine fishing means____________.
15. There are two kinds of fishing, inland &__________.
16. In Pakistan, marine fishing is done in the_____________.
17. Rough weather &__________are the dangers of marine fishing.
18. Manora is an/a___________Island.
19. Fishermen are given___________to buy bigger boats.
20. ________is an by-product of fish.
Answers:
1.Akhund 2.Khandan 3.Hearts 4.Read 5.The best 6.Read 7.Teacher 8.Profession

9.Students 10.Students 11.Teachers 12.Three-Fourths 13.Full 14.Sea fishing 15.Sea
fishing 16.Arabian sea 17.Storms 18.Off shore 19.Loans 20. Liver oil

LITTLE THINGS
[This poem is written by Julia Carney (1823-1908). She was an American verse writer. She was born
in Boston, and died in 1908. Not much is known about her. This poem was first published in 1845.
It is a simple children's song to explain that even little things are important.]
Little drops of water,
Little grains of sand,
Make the mighty ocean
And the pleasant land.
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of love,
Make our world an Eden
Like the Heav'n above.
(SUMMARY)
Little things have great value. The mighty oceans are made up of little drops of water. Our land is
made up of little grains of sand. Little deeds of kindness & little words of love can make our world
like a heaven. We should going on doing little good things all the time.
(CENTRAL IDEA)
The main idea of this poem is that little things like loving, caring, forgiving are of great importance.

Q.1 Who wrote the poem “Little thing” & what is the message of the poem?
Ans. The poem “Little thing” has been written by an American Verse writer julia carney.Nothing in
this material world is unimportant.Even through little things when fail to claim their importance
and fails to invite our atention, have their importance which cannot be ignored sem same as short,

brief and soft spoken words create an over lasting impression in the hearts of the Other Thus they
help to establish in society.
Q.2 What do you know about the julia Carney?
Ans. This poem is written by Julia Carney (1823-1908). She was an American verse writer. She was
born in Boston, and died in 1908. Not much is known about her. This poem was first published in
1845. It is a simple children's song to explain that even little things are important.
Q.3 What Is “Eden”?
Ans. Eden is the garden Where Adam and Eve first lived. Eden is commanly known as paradise.
Eden is also used for a place of abudant natural beauty.
Q.4 How can we make our world an Eden?
Ans. Our world can be made an Eden if we take care of little things. We only need little deeds of
kindness & little words of love for this. Only these two little things are enough to make our world
an Eden like the Heaven above.
Q.5 What is importence of little things?
Ans. Little things have a lot of importence. For example, little drops of water make mighty oceans.
Similarly little grains of sand make the pleasant land. If we take care of little things, we will have
no problem in life.

1. The poem “Little things” has been written by________________.
2. Julia carney was a/an _____________poet.
3. Little___________of kindness, make our world an Eden.
4. Little deeds of kindness make our world a/an___________.
5. Littledrops of water make the __________ocean.
6. Little drops of ___________make the mighty ocean.
7. Little grains of___________make the pleasand land.
8. The word “Eden” means_____________.
9. The pom little things is simple______________song.
10. Refrence to the poem “Little things” fill in the blank
Like the __________above.

ANSWERS:
1.Julia carney 2.American 3.Deeds 4.Eden 5.Mighty 6.Water 7.Sand 8.Garden of

paradise 9.Children`s 10.Heav`
PASSAGE
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of love,
Make our world an Eden
Like the Heav'n above.
Q.1 Name the poem & the Poet/Poetess?
Q.2 What is “Eden”
Q.3 How can make our world an Eden?

A VISIT
Mr. Ahmad's class had been planning a picnic for some time. The Headmaster had allowed them a
day's outing and they were to go by the school bus. They were naturally very excited. Mr. Ahmad
arranged the visit to a farm with Mr. Hassan, the manager of the Model Agricultural Farm.
It was a pleasant day in April when Mr. Ahmad and his class reached the Model Farm. Mr. Hassan
received them at the gate and showed them around. The boys had no idea that an agricultural
farm could be so large and interesting. It was the wheat harvesting season. The party saw a huge
machine called the "Combine" working in the vast wheat fields. It cut the crop and tied it into
sheaves. With one sweep, it seemed to eat up a large area of the golden crop which came out tied
into a bundle at the other end. The wheat then went into "Thresher" which separated the grain
from the chaff. From one end of the machine fell a golden rain of sweet-smelling wheat, while
chaff flew out at the other. The students watched the working of the machine with keen interest.
Mr. Hassan said: "The whole process of ploughing, seeding, harvesting and threshing the corn is
done with machines on our farm. One man working with this machine can do as much work as one
hundred men working without it."
Bilal (One of the students): "Sir, do you get bigger crops in this way"? Mr. Hassan: "0, much bigger.
While an average farm produces 15 to 20 quintals of wheat for every hectare, we produce as much
as 60 to 70 quintals."*
Bilal: "This is wonderful. But, surely machines do not make the grain."
Mr. Hassan (laughing): "No, certainly not. What, in fact, happens is that first the machines called
'tractors' plough deeper. Then, they prepare the land for sowing much faster. The sowing machine
sows the seed very fast, and no seed goes waste. We also select the best seed. Then we use,
chemical fertilizers to enrich the soil. We get a lot of canal water but we also irrigate our fields with
our own tube-well which can supply water all the year round. Finally, we spray insecticides on our
crops to kill germs and harmful insects. So, our farm produces three to four times as much wheat
per hectare as an ordinary farm does."
Sarosh (another student): "Do you grow only wheat?"
Mr. Hassan: "No, we grow wheat, maize, cotton, sugar-cane and gram. Moreover, we grow
vegetables and we also have a large orchard, where we grow mangoes and oranges.'

The party was then taken to the vegetable farm and the visitors were surprised to see growing
there such vegetables as were out of season. Mr. Hassan explained that by using chemical
fertilizers, with plentiful supply of water, and with the help of machinery, they could grow, finer
and better vegetables in all seasons and in larger quantities. He offered the boys fresh tomatoes
and cucumbers. They were washed in running water and the boys ate them with great delight.
It was afternoon by now and Mr. Hassan gave the boys a delicious lunch prepared mainly from the
farm's own produce. Later, the students visited the mango orchard and were delighted to see
green fruit, hanging from the branches in large numbers. The trunks of the trees had been white
washed with lime and the ground below was neat and clean. They did not see any weeds or wild
grasses around. Mr. Hassan told them that it was necessary to protect them from pests and
diseases which destroy the plants as well as the fruit.
Mr. Hassan also told the visitors that the farm had been doing so well they had decided to add a
dairy to it. There, finest cows and buffaloes would be kept. He surprised the visitors by telling them
that the farm would use an electric milker to milk the animals. Modern machinery would make
cream and butter and preserve the milk. He promised to invite Mr. Ahmad and his class when the
dairy started working. Mr. Ahmad thanked him. The boys were really happy with their visit and
cheered loudly when they left the farm.
While coming back they talked about their visit to the farm, Bilal said, “We need to establish many
such farms throughout the country." Mr. Ahmad agreed with him and said, "I think you are right.
In this way we would be able to meet the needs of ever growing population of our country.”
*Quintal = 100 Kilograms

1. Why were Mr. Ahmad's students excited?
Ans: Mr. Ahmad's class had been planning a picnic for some time. The Headmaster had allowed
them a day's outing and they were to go by the school bus. That’s the reason why Mr. Ahmad’s
students were excited.
2. What surprised the boys when they reached the model Farm?
Ans: The boys had no idea that an agricultural farm could be so large and interesting due to that
the boys were surprised and it was wheat harvesting season due to that lot machinery was also
working at the farm which also surprised the boys.

3. What is the name of the machine working in the wheat field?
Ans: The name of the machine working in the wheat field is “Combine”. Its function is to harvest
the crop and tied it into sheaves.
4. What does a Thresher do?
Ans: Thresher separated the grain from the chaff. From one end of the machine fell a golden rain
of sweet-smelling wheat, while chaff flew out at the other.
5. How are ploughing, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?
Ans: In the Model Farm ploughing, seeding and harvesting is completely carried out by machine,
tractors plough the field for the sowing machine to sow the seeds and than harvesting is done my
Combine machine.
6. How much work can one man do on the machine?
Ans: Machines are design in such a way that it reduce the work load of several people. And only
one man can do as much work as of 100 people with a single machine.
7. What is the average produce from an ordinary farm?
Ans: The average produce from a ordinary farm is 13 to 20 quintals.
8. What is the produce per hectare on the model farm?
Ans: Average produce per hectare on the model farm is 60 to 70 quintals.
9. Why is there a difference in the output of the two?
Ans: There is such a difference in the output of the two because of the machines used inThe model
farm. The use of modern machinery and chemical fertilizer in model farm has madework feasible
to farmers. Moreover, spray of pesticides / insecticides and continuous supply of waterhas helped
to increase the worth of output.
10. What do they do to kill germs and insects?
Ans: They spray pesticides and insecticides for the prevention from germs and insects sectsof This
process includes washing of tree trunks with lime water and removal of wildWhat grass and weeds.
11. What do they grow on the model farm?

Ans: They grow wheat, maize, cotton, sugarcane and gram. Moreover they also grow vegetables
and they also have a large orchard, where they grow mangoes and oranges
12. Why were the boys surprised on the vegetable farm?
Ans: There is a great difference between the old and the modern methods of farming which is
purely due to the use of modern machines and latest scientific technology In a model farm the
whole process of ploughing, seeding and harvesting is done modern machines in a very short time.
While in the primitive method the whole work is done manually. It takes more time and more labor.
An ordinary farm produces 15 to 20 quintal of wheat per hectare while the model farm produces
60 to 70 quintal per hectare. One man working with the machines can do as much work as hundred
men working without it
13. What would the Model Agricultuaral farm use to milk the animls? What would modern
machinery make from milk?
Ans: The farm would use an electric milker to milk the animals. Modern machinery would make
cream and butter and preserve the milk.

1. The_____________had allowed them a day's outing.
2. Mr. Hassan was the__________ of the Model Agriculture farm
3. They visited the farm in the month of___________.
4. When they visited the farm____________ was being harvested.
5. The model farm was very__________& intresting.
6. A_____________is a machine which cuts the crop.
7. A_____________is a machine which separates grains from chaff.
8. One man working on the machine can do as much work as__________men without it.
9. An average farm produces______________quintals of wheat.
10. The model farm produces_______________quintals of wheat.
11. Sheaf means a bundle of____________.
12. They spray medicines on the crops to kill________________.
13. They use______________ fertilizers to enrich the soil.
14. The boys went to the Model farm with their______________.
15. Mr. Hassan offered the boys delicious______________.
16. Mr. Hassan gave the boys a delicious______________.

17. An orchard is a place where____________.
18. They irrigate the filed by their own____________.
19. Model farms use____________fertilizers to enrich the soil.
20. The boys cheered____________ when they left the farm.
ANSWERS:
1.Headmaster 2.Manager 3.April 4.Wheat 5.Large 6.Combine 7.Thresher 8.100

9.15 to 20 10.60 to 70 11.Wheat 12.Germs 13.Chemical 14.Teacher 15.Cucumber
16.Lunch 17.Fruits grow 18.Tube well 19.Chemical 20.Loudly
PASSAGE
"The whole process of ploughing, seeding, harvesting and threshing the corn is done with machines
on our farm.

2. How are ploughing, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?
3. Who was Mr. Hassan?
"I think you are right. In this way we would be able to meet the needs of ever growing population
of our country.”

2. Who gave the sugesstion? & what was the sugesstion?
3. How does the needs of ever growing population of our country be meet?

KING FAISAL
The late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was born in 1907, and was the second son, of King Abdul Aziz
Ibne Saud. He received religious education from his maternal grandfather Sheikh Abdullah bin
Abdul Latif. After completing his education at an early age, Faisal started taking interest in the
affairs of the State and helped his father in governing the country. He was made Governor of Hijaz,
when he was only twenty. Later on, he served as Saudi Foreign Minister visiting several countries
of the world where he held important discussions and gained a great deal of experience. He also,
had the opportunity of holding the command of the Armed Forces of his country.
After the death of King Abdul Aziz, his eldest son Saud became the King. Faisal was made the Crown
Prince and Prime Minister in 1958. Saudi Arabia was in serious difficulties at that time. Faisal used
his wisdom and intelligence to overcome these difficulties. In 1960, he resigned from the post of
the Prime Minister, but accepted it again in 1962. His elder brother King Sa'ud, fell seriously ill in
1964, and Faisal was chosen as the King by the Council of Ministers.
King Faisal was devoted to Islam. He was a good Muslim and led a simple life. He did his best to
see his people live according to the teachings of Islam. He possessed great qualities of leadership
and proved to be an able ruler. He loved his people and ruled the country wisely and justly. Under
his rule, Saudi Arabia made great progress in many fields. He spent a lot of money on the
development of his country. The main source of income for Saudi Arabia is mineral oil, and he
made every effort to increase its production. New factories and mills were set up in Saudi Arabia
and industry made great progress. Vast areas of the desert were irrigated and new lands were
brought under cultivation.
Faisal considered education very important for the progress of his people. He opened many
schools where education is free for all. He set up several universities, where students are not only
given free education but are also awarded stipends to meet other needs as well. He also, spread a
net work of hospitals and dispensaries all over his vast kingdom. Now, a bedouin, living even a
thousand kilometers from the capital, will find a hospital or dispensary not far from where he lives.
If you visit K S A – the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - you will find hundreds of Pakistani doctors, nurses
and teachers serving their Arab brethren.

THE LATE KING FIASAL
The King helped the needy and the poor and provided many facilitiesto the pilgrims. He had a
strong wish to unite the Muslims of the world and did his best to bring the Muslims living in
different countries closer together. His services in making the Muslims conscious of the need for
brotherhood can never be, forgotten. It is now the duty of the Muslims to continue his struggle for
the achievement of this unity. He practiced, what he preached and assisted the Muslim countries
of the world. He was an. equal partner with Pakistan in holding the Islamic Summit Conference at
Lahore in 1974.

SUMMIT MINAR AT LAHORE
King Faisal was a sincere friend and well-wisher of the people of Pakistan. He gave generous help
to this country on several occasions. Perhaps no one outside Pakistan could be more unhappy
than King Faisal was, on the separation of East Pakistan which is now Bangladesh. He was against
the State of Israel, because of its enmity towards the Arabs. He strengthened the Arabs in their
war against Israel He felt deeply grieved, when "Israelites set the Al-Aqsa Mosque on fire. He
made every possible effort to get back the Arab territories under the illegal occupation of Israel.
This great kind died in an assault by a wicked nephew of his on 25th March, 1975. The Muslims all
over the world mourned his death. The people of Pakistan, in particular, felt deep grief at this sad
news. There was not a single house in Pakistan which did not mourn his death, as if an elder of the
family passed away. He lived like a soldier and died a martyr. With his death, not only Saudi Arabia
but also the whole Muslim world has lost a sincere and bold leader. He was the religious leader of
the Muslims and the guardian of two holy places of the Makkah-al-Maharajah and Medina. The
Muslims of the world, who have great love and respect for him will remember him as a noble and
pious Muslim leader and his name shall live forever in their hearts.

(SUMMARY)
King Faisal was pious and noble. He started taking part in running the affairs of the country from
an early age. He had great qualities of leadership. Saudi Arabia made great progress under his rule.
He opened many schools and universities. He set up many factories and mills. He brought vast
areas of desert under cultivation. He spread a network of hospitals and clinics all over the kingdom.
He worked for the unity of the Muslims. He was a well-wisher of Pakistan and gave Pakistan
generous help on various occasions. A wicked nephew of his assassinated him in 1975 and the
Muslim world grieved on losing a brave leader.

Q.1 When was King Faisal born?
Ans: The Late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was born in 1907. He was the second son of King Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa’ud.
Q.2 From whom did he receive his religious education?

Ans: King Faisal belonged to a noble and religious family so the received his religious education from his maternal
grand father Sheikh Abdullah Bin Latif.
Q.3 When was Faisal made the King?

Ans: Faisal was made King after the illness of his elder brother King saud in 1964. The council of Ministers chose him
as a king because of his wisdom and intelligence.
Q.4 How did Faisal rule Saudi Arabia?

Ans: Being an able ruler and possessing great qualities of Leadership. Faisal ruled Saudi Arabia wisely and justly Saudi
Arabia was polished under his rule because of his sincere leadership and love for his country. He did his best for the
development of the country.
Q.5 How did he developed his country?

Ans: Keeping a vast governing experience, Fisal took all necessary steps to develop his country. He spend a lot of
money to promote his people and provided the basic amenities of life to the people at their footsteps. He setup new
industries and milk, provided the education with stipends compulsory and took every step to increase mineral oil’s
production, which is the main source of income. Vast areas deserts were irrigated and brought under cultivation.
Q.6 What were the feelings of King Fisal about Pakistan?

Ans: King Faisal was a sincere friend and well-wisher of the people of Pakistan. He showed his sincerely on several
ocasions by providing all-out metal and material support. He felt deeply on the separation of Pakistan. He was the
one who gave the “Castle of Islam” to Pakistan and his name shall live foreever in the hearts of Pakistan.
Q.7 Why was King Faisal against the State of Israel?

Ans.: King Faisal was against the state of Israel, because of its enmity towards the Arabs. Infact, he was arare of the
aggressive designs of European block, that why he condemned the illegal occupation of israel. He demanded that
the previous state of Jerusalem should be restored i.e. to be given under the control of Muslims as a holy Islamic
city.

Q.8 What did FAisal do for the Arabs in their war against Israel?
Ans: Faisal made every possible effort to get back the ARab territories and provided full financial support to Arabs.
He never recognized the state of Israel and did not establish any kind of relation with it at any level. He was the one
who introduce the Arabs as a community.
Q.9 When was King Faisal killed?

Ans: King Faisal was killed by a wicked nephew of his on 25th March, 1975. Actually hee was murdered by a skillful
fabricated plan.
Q.10 How did the muslims feel over his death?

Ans: The Muslims felt deep sorrow over his death. Pakistan now in his death as one of their family members had
died. His name shall be written in the letters of gold and will be remembered forever.

1. King Faisal was born in______________.
2. At the age of___________King Faisal was made the Governer of Hijaz.
3. King Faisal letter served as foriegen Minister & also held the_________of the armed forces.
4. He was made the Crown Prince & Prime Minster in__________.
5. In___________Faisal was chosen as the King by the Council of Minsters.
6. He was a good Muslim & led a simple life. King Faisal was devoted to _______________.
7. King Faisal gave great importance to_____________.
8. He spread a network of_____________& dispansaries all over his vast Kingdom.
9. King Faisal had a strong wish to____________the Muslims of the world.
10. King Faisal & Pakistan held the islamic Summit Conference at lahore in______________.
11. King Faisal gave generous___________to Pakistan on several ocassions.
12. King Faisal was assasinated on 25 March___________.
13. King Faisal possesed great_____________of leadership
14. Saudi Arabia`s main incomes from__________.
15. Saudi Arabia made great___________in many fields under King Faisal`s rule.
16. King Faisal was a model of a noble &____________leader.
17. King Faisal was a sincere friend &____________of Pakistan.
18. The great king was killed by a wicked _________________.
ANSWERS:
1.1907 2.20 3.Command 4.1958 5.1964 6.Islam 7.Education 8.Hospital 9.Unite

10.1974 11.Help 12.1975 13.Qualities 14.Mineral Oil 15.Progress 16.Pious 17.Well-
Wisher 18.Nephew

FROM A RAILWAY CARRAIGE
[This poem is written by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894). He is a Scottish novelist, poet, and
essayist He was born in Edinburgh. His formal education was greatly interrupted by illness, and
was frequently taken for holidays. He tried to study engineering, then law. But in 1873, he decided
to embark upon a literary career. His novels "Treasure Island" and "Kidnapped" are well known. In
another one, "Dr. Jekytt and Mr. Hyde," he shows how every individual has tendencies to do both
good and evil He really loved children and understood them. This poem shows his skill as a poet]
Faster than fairies, faster than witches,
Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches;
And charging along like troops in a battle,
All through the meadows the horses and cattle:
All of the sights of the hill and the plain
Fly as thick as driving rain;
And ever again, in the wink of an eye,
Painted stations whistle by.
Here is a child who clambers and scrambles;
All by himself and gathering brambles;
Here is a tramp who stands and gazes-
And there is the green for stringing the daisies!
Here is a cart run away in the road,
Lumping along with man and load;
And here is a mill and there is a river;
Each a glimpse and gone forever!

(SUMMARY)
In this poem the poet describes what he sees from a fast moving train. The one travelling by train
gets the pleasure of enjoying the beauty of nature. The changing scenes fil him with happiness.
The mountains, valleys, meadows, rivers, all come to sight and then disappear. A railway journey
becomes a source of joy. The beautiful scenes of natura beauty and various buildings and different
people are seen for a moment. However, they stay in his mind for a long time
(CENTRAL IDEA)
A railway journey is very enjoyable. A person travelling by rail has a chance of seeing the natural
beauty. The changing scenes fill a person with pleasure
Theme. “If a great thing is simple to explain and easy to understand then the little things demand
elaboration of details.”

Q.1 What does the poet see from a railway carriage?
Ans. He sees the beauty of the area. He also sees a boy who is collecting services hardly, a
homeless person who is doing nothing but to stare and a man who is lifting the overloaded cart.
Q.2 What pleasures does the railway journey give to the poet?
Ans. The railway journey gives an immeasurable pleasure to the post. Natural beauty provides
him an everlasting joy which includes the sights of meadows, daisies, mill, river, hill plain etc. He
is pleased because a thing of beauty is a joy forever.
Q.3 Who is a tramp? What was he doing when the railway carriage passed by?
Ans. A tramp is a homeless person who wanders place to place aimlessly. He was by standing and
gazing every passes by at the railway station.
Q.4 What do you know about Robert Louis Stevenson?
Ans. Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish poet, novelist and essayist. He was born in Edinburgh
in 1850 and died in 1894. His fanmous novels are Treasure Island Kicnapped and Dr. Jekyll and
Mr. Hyde. Rabert Louis Stevenson loved children and understood them
Q.7 What is the message of the poem From a Railway Carriage?

Ans. The message of the poem is that a railway journey is a source of happiness t presents a
constant changing scene, It provides a them. chance to see natural beauty and to enjoy watching.

1. The poem “From a railway carriage” has been written by___________________.
2. Robert Louis Stevenson was a/an_____________poet.
3. Faster than fairies, Faster than witches, “Witches” are________________.
4. Fairies are_______________.
5. From a railway carriage, the poet sees______________
6. The_________was gathering brambles.
7. The horses & cattle were on _____________.
8. The poet also sees ______________from the railway carriage.
9. The tramp was standing & gazing. The word “Tramp” means_____________.
10. The word “Gazing” means ______________.
11. Here is a ____________who clambers & scrambles.
12. Here is a ____________runaway in the road.
13. Each a ____________& gone forever.
14. A railway journey gives a lot of pleasure to the ______________.
15. Charging along like _______________in a battle.
ANSWERS:
1.Robert Louis Stevenson 2.Scottish 3.Wicked old women 4.Beautiful imaginary being
5.Rivers 6.Child 7.Grassy Field 8.Pointed Station 9.A homeless person 10.Shortness
oftimr 11.Child 12.Cart 13.Glimpse 14.Poet 15.Troops
PASSAGE
Faster than fairies, faster than witches,
Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches;
And charging along like troops in a battle,
All through the meadows the horses and cattle:
Q.1 Name the poem & the poet/potess?
Q.2 In this paragraph what does the poet/poetess see?
Q.3 From where does the poet /poetess seeing all things of this pargraph?

All of the sights of the hill and the plain
Fly as thick as driving rain;
And ever again, in the wink of an eye,
Painted stations whistle by.
Q.1 Name the poem & the poet/poetess?
Q.2 What is the meaning of “whistle by”?
Q.3 What you mean by “Fly as thick”?
Here is a child who clambers and scrambles;
All by himself and gathering brambles;
Here is a tramp who stands and gazes-
And there is the green for stringing the daisies!
Q.1 Name the poem & the poet/potess?
Q.2 Who is a tramp? What was he doing when the railway carriage passed by?
Q.3 What was child doing?
Here is a cart run away in the road,
Lumping along with man and load;
And here is a mill and there is a river;
Each a glimpse and gone forever!
Q.1 Name the poem & the poet/poetess?
Q.2 What was the curt`s scene?
Q.3 Write the meaning “To lump” & “A glimpse”?

DIGNITY OF WORK
Akhtar came late from school one day. He was feeling cross and looked untidy. When mother asked
him the reason, he did not answer. Everybody was surprised to find him, so. As, the family sat
down to lunch, the children's favourite uncle, Mr. Inayat, came to visit them. The children were
very happy to see him because he had been to many parts of the world and always told them
interesting things. Even Akhtar was not cross any more.
Akhtar's sister Rukhsana told uncle Inayat that he had come home unhappy. Uncle Inayat looked
at him and asked him what had happened. He said: "Uncle, we are having the social service work
at school and have to do the work of servants and gardeners. The teacher made me dust the
cupboard and the desks."
Uncle: “Is it work that makes you cross?"
Akhtar: "Should I not be cross if I am made to work like a servant?"
Uncle: "Did your teacher do anything himself?'
Akhtar: "O dear, yes! After we had taken out the desks and chairs, the teacher swept the room and
emptied the dustbin. The headmaster cleaned the bathroom, which made us all feel ashamed.”
Uncle: “Is it a matter of shame to clean what we ourselves make dirty?
Akhtar: "But think of a gentleman cleaning the bathroom; shouldn't the sweeper do it?"
Uncle: "Is the sweeper not a human being?"
Akhtar: (quietly) "Yes, he is.”
Uncle: Are not our servants human beings like us?"
Akhtar: "I should say they are."
Uncle: "Then we should treat them as we treat ourselves and should always be ready to do
ourselves what we ask them to do for us.
Akhtar: "But it looks so odd."

STUDENT AT SOCIAL WORK
Uncle: "Yes, perhaps it does. But this is because we have forgotten the noble example of our Holy
Prophet. He would never ask anyone to do anything, which he himself would not do. He loved
doing work for himself and for others with his own hands. He repaired his shoes, mended and
washed his clothes and swept his room. When the Mosque at Medina was being built, he carried
mud and building material. During the battle of the Khandaq, he joined his companions in digging
the trench outside Medina."
Rukhsana: "Were his companions not like him uncle?"
Uncle: "You are right, Rukhsana. Hazrat Abu Bakar not only did his own work but also fetched water
for widows and neighbours who were very old and had no one to work for them. Hazrat Omar
once carried on his shoulders a large sack of flour for a needy family. Hazrat Ali laboured in the
garden of a Jew and gave away his wages in charity. Hazrat Fatima fetched water, ground corn and
swept the house. Caliph Omer bin Abdul Aziz refused to hire a servant to help his wife. At table,
Caliph Mumun-ur-Rashid served not only himself but also his guests. Sultan Nasir-ud-Din earned
his living by making caps, and Emperor Aurangzeb by transcribing the Holy Quran. "
Akhtar: "But uncle, all these are the stories of the past."

Uncle: "O, no! It happens in the advanced countries even . They have learned the dignity of work
while we have forgotten it. In China everyone has to spend some time each year, working in the
fields or in a factory. Even the Prime Minister and his wife do this work. They believe that all ought
to work and, no wonder, they are making such quick progress. In the U.S.A., once I stayed with a
high government official as a guest. His son, who was just as old as you are, went out early in the
morning to sell newspapers. 1 asked him why he did so. He said that it was simply because he
wished to be independent and useful. One day he felt ill. His father went out to deliver the papers
for him so that he may not lose his customers. Once, the President's own son took the job of white
washing rooms in a hotel.”
Rukhsana: "Uncle, did you do any cleaning when you were there?"
Uncle: “O, yes! I lived in a hostel where we swept our own rooms and cleaned our bathrooms.
Once I needed extra money for books I washed dishes in a hotel.” Akhtar: “Thank you, unlce. I will
never mind working with my hands in future.”
(SUMMARY)
Akhtar got angry on being asked to dust the cupboard and the desk during the social service work
at school. He thought that it was servant's work. His uncle, Mr. Inayat, told him about the dignity
of work. The advanced countries have learnt the dignity of work. Everybody works there. They are
not ashamed of doing work, while we avoid doing work. Our Prophet (peace be on him) and his
companions did their work with their own hands. Akhtar understood the dignity of work and
promised not to mind working with his hands in the future.

Q.1 What did Akhter not answer his mother?
Ans. Akhter, being stubborn did not answer his mother. He was feeling cross and angry because
he was made to do the work of servants and gardeners with his own hands.
Q.2 What did Mr. Inayat tell the children?
Ans. Mr. Inayat usually used to tell interesting stories of different parts of the world. But on that
particular day, he told the children about the dignity of doing work with our own hands.
Q.3 What reason did Akhter give his under for being cross?
Ans. The reason for Akhtar’s anger was that he was forced to do the mean would. He believed
that by doing out cast his greatness is decreased and was feeling ashame on his act.
Q.4 What did the teacher do himself?
Ans. The teacher swept the room and emptied the dustbin. The head master also took part in the
activities by cleaning bathroom.

Q.5 What did the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) love?
Ans. Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) loved to do the work for himself and for others with his own hands.
He never felt shy in repairing and mending his shoes, washing clothes and sweeping room. He
proudly joined his companions in digging ditch during the Khandaq Battle.
Q.6 Were the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) like him?
Ans. Yes, the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) like him. They were the complete sketch of
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) personality and loved doing work with their hands. Hazrat Abu Bakr not
did his own work but also helped others.
Q.7 What did Hazrat Abu Bakr do?
Ans. Hazrat Abu Bakr was the orthodox Caliph of Muslims. Following of footsteps of Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H), he did every kind of work, his own as well as of others. He fetched water far widows
and neighbours who were very old and had no one to work for them.
Q.8 What did Hazrat Fatima do?
Ans. Hazrat Fatima was the beloved and dearest daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). She could
have servants being the daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), but like her father she fetched
water, ground corn and swept the house.
Q.9 How did Sultan Nasir uddin earned his living?
Ans. Sultan Nasir-uddin was a very pious Emperor of Muslims. He earned his living by making
caps, although he could take money from the emperor’s treasury.
Q.10 What does everyone do in China?
Ans. People at China believe that all ought to work. Everyone has to spend sometime each year
working in the fields or in a factor. Even the Prime Minister and his wife do the work.

1. Akhtar came late from ______________one day.
2. Akhtar was feeling cross. Here “cross” means ____________.
3. Childrenwere very ____________to see Mr. Inayat.
4. Mr. Inayat was the ____________to the children.
5. Mr. Inayat told the children ______________things & stories.
6. They were having social ______________week at school.
7. The teacher made Akhtar to dust cupboard & the ______________.
8. The teacher __________the room.
9. The Headmaster cleaned ___________.
10. We should treat our ____________as we treat our selves.
11. The Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) washed his _____________.
12. The Holy Prophet _____________doing work with his own hands.
13. Hazarat Abu Bakar Fetched water for ____________& neighbour`s.
14. Hazarat Omer once carried on his shoulder a large sack of _____________.
15. Hazarat Ali labored in the garden of a _______________.
16. Sultan Nasir Uddin earned his living by ______________.

17. We should treat the other as we treat _______________.
18. In China, everyone has to spend some time each year working in the fields or in a
______________.
19. Once Mr. Inayat washed _______________in a hotel.
20. During the Battle of Khandaq, the trench was being dug outside.
ANSWERS:
1.School 2.Angry 3.Happy 4.Uncle 5.Intresting 6.Service 7.Desks 8.Swept
9.The Bathroom 10.Servant 11.Clothes 12.Loved 13.Window 14.Flour 15.Jew
16.Making caps 17.Ourselves 18.Factory 19.Dishes 20.Madina
PASSAGES
“we are having the social service work at school and have to do the work of servants and gardeners.
The teacher made me dust the cupboard and the desks."

3. Who was Mr. Inayat?
“We had taken out the desks and chairs, the teacher swept the room and emptied the dustbin.
The headmaster cleaned the bathroom, which made us all feel ashamed.”

3. In this paragrph What was speaker Think?
"Then we should treat them as we treat ourselves and should always be ready to do ourselves
what we ask them to do for us.

2. What was the reply from Akhtar?
3. Who was Mr. Inayat?
"Should I not be cross if I am made to work like a servant?"

2. Who is the person spoken to?
3. When were these words spoken?

A NATION`S STRENGTH
[This poem is written by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1903-1882). He was born in Boston (USA). He was
an essayist, a poet and a philosopher. His philosophy is everlasting, because it arose from a desire
to make all things new, to seize life freshly, experience it first hand and use it to build beyond the
old.]
Not gold, but only men can make,
A people great and strong,
Men who, for truth and honour's sake,
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while other fly
They build a nation's pillars deep,
And lift them to the sky.
(SUMMARY)
A nation does not become great with its wealth. The greatness of a nation depends only on its
people. These people must be brave, honest and patient. These people have high moral character.
Only great people make a great nation.
(CENTRAL IDEA)
The vigorous growth of any nation does not depend on wealth. But majority the result of hard
work, high moral character and virtues of great people. A nation’s strength is a fruit of which
labour is seed.
Theme
The heights by great men reached and kept were nor attained by sudden light, But they, while
their companions left, were toiling upward in the night. (Henry Longfellow)
“people do not lack strength they lack will.”

Q.1 What kind of men can lift their country to the sky?
Ans. Brave men who care while others fly. Men who work while others sieep Men who for truth
and honour's seke stand fast and suffer long, In brief, men of charactes can lift their country to
the sky.
Q.2 What is a nation's strength?

Ans. A nation's strength not gold or wealth. A nation's strength depencs only on its people
However, those people must be men of character. They must be brave, honest, hardworkirg,
truthful and men of principles.
Q.3 What is the message of the poem A Nation's Strength?

Ans. The message of the poem A Nation's Strength is that a nation is strong cnly by its people
These people should be brave, daring, hardworking, determined and patient. Suth people build a
nation's pillars deep and lift the nation to the sky.
Q.4 Write three lines on character?

Ans. Character is the sum of distinctive characteristics of an individual t is also moral excellence
and Fmness Character shows the traits and disposition of an indivi dua
Q.5 Write a few lines on Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Ans. Ralph Walco merson was a poet. He was bon in Baston, USA, in 1803, and died in 1882 His
philosophy is everlasting, because it arose from a desire to make al things new.

1. The poem “A Nation`s Strength” has been composed by an American poet____________.
2. The poem “A Nation`s Strength” was written in _______________
3. Not Gold, but men can make, A people great & strong,
The above lines are taken from the poem____________________.
4. Not Gold, but men can make, A people great & strong, here `A people´ mean__________.
5. Not Gold, but men can make, A people great & strong, here Gold means______________.
6. A Country or nation may be made great & strong by brave ___________.
7. Who dare while others fly, here the Word `Who´ has been used for ______________.
8. Who dare while others fly, here the Word `fly´ means _______________.
9. They build the nation pillars deep
And life them to the sky.
In the above lines `They´ refer to _____________.
10. Man who, for truth & honour`s _______________.
Stand fast & suffer long.

11. “Not ___________ but men can make, A people great & strong”.
12. “Brave man, work while others _____________.
13. They ____________a nation`s pillars deep, & lift them to the sky.
14. They build a nation`s pillars deep, & lift them to the __________.
15. In the poem, “A Nation`s Strength” the poet tells the importance of ______________.
ANSWERS:
1.Ralph Waldo Emersion 2.18th Century 3.A Nation`s Strength 4.Nation 5.Wealthy
6.Men 7.Men of character 8.Run away 9.Men of high character 10.Sake 11.Gold
12.Sleep 13.Build 14.Sky 15.Men of high character
PASSAGE
Not gold, but only men can make,
A people great and strong,
Men who, for truth and honour's sake,
Stand fast and suffer long.

2. What does poet/poetess want to say?
3. What kind of people Great & strong?
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while other fly
They build a nation's pillars deep,
And lift them to the sky.
1. Name the lesson & the poet/poetess?

2. Who are the brave men in the poem?
3. What does “lift them to the sky mean”?

BEAUTIFUL HANDS
[This poem is written by Ellen M. H. Gates (1835-1920). She was born in Torington,Connecticut
(USA). She wrote religious songs (hymns) like "The Home of the Soul" and "Eternity" for well-known
magazines. Collections of her poems were published in 1897 and 1910.]
Such beautiful, beautiful hands,

They're neither white nor small;
And you, I know, would scarcely think
That they were fair at all.
I've looked on hands whose form and hue
A sculptor's dream might be,
Yet are these aged wrinkled hands
Most beautiful to me.
Such beautiful, beautiful hands!

Though heart were weary and sad
These patient hands kept toiling on
That the children might be glad,
I almost weep when looking back
To childhood's distant day!
I think how these hands rested not.
When mine were at their play.

They're growing feeble now,
And time and pain have left their mark
On hand, and heart and brow.
Alas! alas! the nearing time
And the sad, sad day to me,
When 'neath the daisies, out of sight,
These hands must folded be.
But oh! beyond the shadowy lands,

Where all is bright and fair,
I know full well these dear old hands
Will palms of victory bear;
When crystal streams, through endless years,

Flow over golden sands,
And where the old are young again,
I'll clasp my mother's hands.
(SUMMARY)
The poetess pays rich compliments to her mother. She praises the beauty of her mother's hands,
though these hands are wrinkled and not beautiful physically, yet they are sacred, sweet and dear
to her. When she was a child these hands worked hard to comfort her and to make her happy.
These hands are now old and weak time is coming near. When her mother will depart from this
world but in the life hereafter every thing will become bright beautiful and young again. The poet
hopes to embrace her mother's hands there.
(Central Idea)
Mother’s hands are the symbol of Love. A mother is a pivot, around which the whole family
revolves. She relieves the tedium of life, sheds the divine light in the darkness, alleviates distress,
does her duties by her children makes them happy, healthy and intelligent citizens of tomorrow.
The progress of a nation depends upon the care and skill with which mothers rear up their children.
Theme: “The hands that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.”

Q.1 What words or phrases tell us that they are not pretty in the physical sense?
Ans. The words “ages and wrinkled” tell us that the hands are not beautiful in their physical
appearance. It means that these hands are old and full of wrinkles. They are neither fair not small
but rough and big.
Q.2 Why does the poetess praise the hands in the second stanza?
Ans. The poetess praises the hands in the second stanza because these hands carelessly worked
hard inspite of exhaustion and utter fatigue in order to provide happiness of her children. The
poetess is showing repentance because when she was young, she could’ve helped her mother in
doing chars of daily life but she did not.
Q.3 In the third stanza, what does “These hands must folded be” mean?
Ans. The words, “These hands must folded be” mean that the death time of the poetess mother
was near to come. The poetess is showing her grief because soon her mother would be under the
layers of wild flowers in a folding manner.
Q.4 Who does the poetess praise in this poem?
Ans. In this poem, the poetess pays a high tribute to her mother’s hands for their spiritual
beauty. She further defined these hands that they worked restlessly inspite of facing tribulations
of life, so that her family might enjoys a happy life.

1. The Poem “Beautiful hands” has been composed by _________________.
2. Ellen M. H. Gates was a/an ______________poet.
3. Such beautiful, beautiful hands,
Here the word “They” refer to ____________.
4. In the poem “Beautiful Hands”; The poetess praises her mother`s hands for their________.
5. And you, I know, would scarcely think,
This line has been taken from the poem _____________________.
6. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; the word “you” has been used for ______________.
7. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; the word “Scarcely” means____________________.
8. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; I almost weep when looking back, to
______________distance day!
9. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; here “I” refer to _________________.
10. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; when Neath the daises, out of sight; these hand must
______________.
11. Mother will be rewarded by God for her __________________.
12. In the heaven, the old will be __________________again.
13. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; I`ll clasp my mother`s hands.
14. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; Alas! Alas! The nearing time. The word Alas shows
an expression of _______________.
15. Refer to the poem “Beautiful Hands”; yet are these aged winkled hands most beautiful to
me. The aged winkle hands are very beautiful to _______________.
ANSWERS;
1.Ellen M.H Gates 2.American 3.Mother`s Hands 4.Spiritual beauty 5.Beautiful Hands
6.The readers 7.Hardly 8.Childhood`s 9.Poetess 10.Folded be 11.Loved 12.Young
13.Hold in hand 14.Sorrow 15.The poetess
PASSAGES
Such beautiful, beautiful hands,
And you, I know, would scarcely think
That they were fair at all.

2. What words or phrases tell us that they are not pretty in the physical sense?
I've looked on hands whose form and hue
A sculptor's dream might be,
Yet are these aged wrinkled hands
Most beautiful to me.

2. Who is Sculpture?
3. What is meant by wrinkled hands?
Though heart were weary and sad
These patient hands kept toiling on
That the children might be glad,

3. Why does thepoet/poetesspraise the hands?
I almost weep when looking back
To childhood's distant day!
I think how these hands rested not.
When mine were at their play.

2. What is meant by distant day?
3. Why does poet/poetess praise the hands?
They're growing feeble now,

And time and pain have left their mark
On hand, and heart and brow.
1. Name the poem & the poet poetess?

2. What is meant by growing feeble?
Alas! alas! the nearing time
And the sad, sad day to me,
When 'neath the daisies, out of sight,
These hands must folded be.

2. What is meant by neath the daises?
3. What does “These hands must folded be” mean?
But oh! beyond the shadowy lands,
Where all is bright and fair,
I know full well these dear old hands
Will palms of victory bear;

2. What is meant by palm of victory?
When crystal streams, through endless years,
Flow over golden sands,
And where the old are young again,
I'll clasp my mother's hands.

2. Who does the poet/poetess praise?
3. What is meant by `Crystal´ & `Clasp´

A VILLAGE FAIR
During the summer vacations, Bilal got tired of the city and thought of going somewhere. He
decided to spend a few days with his cousin Zubair in his village.
When Bilal got down from the bus, he saw that the village was decorated with buntings and
colourful flags. The streets were crowded with men, women and children in a holiday mood. Bilal
was pleased to see all this. His cousin welcomed
him with open arms. He said that Bilal could not have chosen a better time for his visit as the
annual village fair was in full swing.
"What do you want to see first?" asked Zubair.
"I don't know enough of the fair to tell you where to start from," Bilal said.
"Then we'll start with the first interesting thing that comes our way."
The open ground outside the village was crowded with people. Children had gathered around the
swings and merry-go-rounds, waiting for their turns.
The two friends moved towards a crowd which had gathered in a big circle. A drum-beating
competition was in progress. Eight drummers were beating their drums. Everyone was trying to do
his best to get the first prize. The noise was defeating. The two boys waited for some time but
there seemed to be no end to it. So they moved on towards the bazaar.
"I don't remember having seen so many shops in this village," Bilal said.
"You will not see them again till the next annual fair," laughed Zubair. Most of them are temporary
shops set up for the fair. People come from far off places to buy and sell their goods. It is a good
time to do business as most of the villagers do their shopping there."
All types of goods from handkerchiefs to farming tools were being sold in the shops. Girls were
buying rings and bangles. Women were interested in household goods, specially pottery milk-
churners and toys for the children. Men were buying farming tools and such other articles.
Restaurants were playing popular music and were serving delicious food. They were a great
attraction for those who had come from far, and had no relations in the village.
Big crowds had gathered here and there. People were laughing and clapping at whatever they saw.
The friends moved towards one of the groups and peeped inside the circle. A bear was tied to a
pole. A fight was going on between, the bear and three fierce dogs.

Bilal said, "I don't like this cruel game. Let's go somewhere else."
Close by, the ever popular monkey man was playing his wooden tambourine to attract the people.
The monkey was imitating an angry husband with a furious face, and a proud man walking with his
hands folded behind his back and his nose up in the air. The clever monkey also performed some
other tricks. The boys enjoyed every bit of this show.
Conjurers, jugglers and acrobats gave great joy to the children. The conjurer took Bilal's
handkerchief and tore it into pieces. When he returned it to him, Bilal was astonished to see it
undamaged. The juggler juggled with seven balls at a time without dropping any of them.
A loud clapping made the boys turn in the direction of a man walking on a tight rope. He walked
on to the end of the rope and then started climbing up the pole. He reached, the top end and lay
down flat balancing himself on the pole. It was quite a dangerous performance. A little carelessness
could result in a fall, but he came down safe and sound and got a big cheer from the crowd. No
one is too old to enjoy the tricks of these entertainers.
There was a special announcement that horse-races were to start in a few minutes. The friends
rushed there to get a place in the front. Proud owners of beautiful horses were making them walk
and dance to the music of drums. The riders took their positions, the whistle blew and the horses
galloped off. The people shouted with joy when their favourite horse won the race.
Tent-pegging was another popular sport. Wooden pegs were fixed in the ground. The riders had
TENT PEGGING IN PROGRESS

to pull them out with their lances as they rode by at a gallop. The successful riders marched round
the field, their lances held up proudly. The people cheered them loudly wherever they went.
Then they saw dog races. The dogs chased a rabbit. They were anxious for the rabbit but it reached
the mark safely and vanished under cover just when the dogs came near.
There were still quite a number of things to be seen but the boys were too tired. They turned
homeward, tired but happy.
(SUMMARY)
1. A Village Fair
Last month, we visited a village fair. The fair was representing the festive mood of the rusic
people. The village was specially decorated with colourful buntings and flags and was crowded
with a lrge number of people. Many temporary shops had been set up which were the special
faculty for the fair. These shops were providing feasibility for the visitors as well as for the
shopkeepers. There was a lot of entertainment for different age groups especially children like
swings, monkey man show, drum beating competition, horse race etc. The circus people were
also presenting their funny and amazing tricks to fascinate people. Tent – pegging and the dog
race were two very popular games of the fair. In tent-pegging the training and skill to horse and
the rider is examined skill of dogs is examined through the dog race. We were very enchanted to
see the beautiful sights of the fair.
2. Tent-Pegging
Tent-pegging is one of the most popular and famous sport of Pakistan. It is an important heritage
of our culture. In this game wooden pegs are fixed in the ground. The riders have to pull these
pegs out of the ground with the help of their spear, as they ride by at a gallop. Tent-pegging is a
exhibit of skill in which the training invested on the horse and the skill of trainee and the rider is
tested. It is great game of joy in addition to practice and skill.

Q.1 Why was the village decorated?
Ans. When Bilal reached his cousin’s village he saw that the village was beautifully decorated
with colourful buntings and flags unusually. The reason behind that decoration was that the
annual village fair was being celebrated.
Q.2 Why was it the best time to visit the village?
Ans. Bilal visited the village in his summer vacations. It would be best time for him to visit the
village because the villagers were celebrating annual fair which is held only once in year. Bilal
luckily experienced the amazing sights of this fair.

Q.3 How did the juggler entertain the people?
Ans. The juggler entertained the people through his funny and amazing tricks. He juggled with
seven balls at a time without dropping any of them. It was a great game of practice and skill.
Q.4 How did the conjurer perform his tricks?
Ans.The conjurer performed several unbelievable tricks through his clever skill. He took Bilal’s
handkerchief and tore it into pieces. Later on he astonished the audience by returning the
handkerchief in just one piece.
Q.5 What is tent-pegging?
Ans. Tent -Pegging is a typical feature of Pakistani fair and a popular country game. In this game,
the horse rider has to pull up the wooden pegs fixed in the ground. They do this with the help of
lances.
Q.6 What made the dogs run in the dog race?
Ans. Dog race is a kind of fascinating entertainment for the villagers in which the skill of hound
dongs is examined. In the fair, a rabbit was brought in the field and was let loose inform of the
dogs, which made the dogs run.
Q.7 What was the special announcement?
Ans. The special announcement was about the horse race. s it is the general feature of a fair,
that’s why most of the people rushed to view their favourite segment of the fair.
Q.8 What kinds of shops had been setup for the fair?
Ans. Mostly the temporary shops had been set up for the fair. All kinds of goods from
handkerchiefs to framing tools were available in these shops. They were the special faculty for
this fair.
Q.9 What was the use of these shops for the villagers?
Ans. The temporary shops set up for the fair provided feasibility to both buyers and seller. People
from far off places easily bought essential commodities of life. Where as, it was a good time for
the sellers to avail business opportunity.
Q.10 What were the different entertainments in the fair for the children?
Ans. Thee were different entertainments for the children in the fair. These entertainments
include swings, the monkey man show and the show performed by the circus people. Children
enjoyed it a lot.

1. Bilal lived in a ___________________.
2. Zubair, Bilal`s cousin lived in a ___________________.
3. Bilal went to Zubair`s village during the _______________holidays.
4. Bilal got tired of ________________.
5. The ______________was decorated with colourful glass.
6. The village village was decorated for with bunting & colourful __________________.
7. The village was decorated for __________village fair.

8. When Bilal visited, the annual village fair was in full _________________.
9. “In full swing” means _________________.
10. The childen had gathered around the ________________& merry-go-round.
11. The childen had gathered around the swings waiting for their______________.
12. Most of the shops were ______________.
13. They were selling goods like handkerchiefs & forming ____________________.
14. Girls were buying rings & ________________.
15. The women were intrested in _______________goods.
16. The men were buying farming _______________.
17. A fight was going between a ______________& three fierce dogs.
18. Refer to the chapter “A Village Fair”; whose performance is dangerious _______________.
19. The juggler juggles with _____________balls at a time without dropping any of them.
20. In tent-pegging a popular sport in village, the riders have to pull out the pegs with their
_______________.
ANSWERS:
1.City 2.Village 3.Summer 4.City 5.Village 6.Flages 7.Annual 8.Swing 9.The fair
was at its height 10.Swings 11.Turn 12.Temporary 13.Tools 14.Bangles 15.Household
16.Tools 17.Bear 18.Acrobat`s 19.Seven 20.Lance
PASSAGE
"What do you want to see first?"
2. Where ware these words spoken?
3. Who was Bilal?
"I don't know enough of the fair to tell you where to start from”
2. Who was Zubair?
"Then we'll start with the first interesting thing that comes our way."

3. Who was Zubair & Bilal?
"I don't remember having seen so many shops in this village,"
1. Name the lesson & the speker?

3. Why did speaker say that I do not remember?

SPEAK GENTLY
Anonymous
Speak gently; it is better far
To rule by love than fear.
Speak gently; let no harsh word mar
The good we may do here.
Speak gently to the little child;
Its love be sure to gain;
Teach it in accents soft and mild,
It may not long remain.
Speak gently to the aged one;
Grieve not the careworn heart;
Whose sands of life are nearly run;
Let such in peace depart.
Speak gently; 'tis a little thing
Dropped in the heart's deep well;
The good, the joy that it may bring
Eternity shall tell.

SUMMARY
This Moorish poem is written by an anonymous poet. This poem emphasis upon speaking gently.
By speaking gently we can attain the spiritual power of rule. Treating someone harshly is a kind
of moral sin which can devastate our good deeds.
Speak gently is the best way to train a child and win over his love and trust. If you don’t adopt
the mild attitude your teachings will not persist for a prolong period.
Our attitude should be soft to the aged and old people in order to create such an atmosphere in
which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.
Speak mildly does not cause and burden to you. These soft words create a forever impression on
the other’s hearts. The reward of adopting this habit is that in this mortal world is the good
deeds and the everlasting pleasure. It also brings reward in the eternal life.
CENTRAL IDEA
Speaking gently to everyone is a good trait in our character. By being gentle we are likely to loose nothing
and gain much in terms of friendship. Good will and even material rewards. It places our character and
personality in a very good light and creates an everlasting impression in the minds of others.
Theme “Kindness is more important than wisdom and recognition of it is the beginning of wisdom.”

Q.1 What is the result of adopting harsh attitude?
Ans. To speak harshly is a kind of ethical and social sin which can devastate our good deeds we
should produce mildness in our character. This is the only way through which we can provide
security to our good deeds which we have done in this mortal world.
Q.2 What resemblance does he find between hearts and the deep well?
Ans. The poet finds resemblance between and deep well because like deep well we cannot
assume what is deeply within human heart. One thing is sure that the soft words go deeply in the
heart and we cannot assume these words out of the hearts.
Q.3 Why should we speak gently to every one?
Ans. We should speak gently to everyone becouse soft & kind words leave deep & lasting
impression. We can win people`s heart by love.
Q.4 How should we teach a child?
Ans. We should teach a child with politeness & gentleness because he will not remain a child
forever. Our good manners & pleasing behavior will attract the child & we can get the same in
return from him.
Q.5 Why shoud we speak gently to the aged ones?
Ans. We should speak gently to the aged ones because they are already sad & careworn heart.
Our attitude with them should be humble and pleasing in order to create such an atmosphere in
which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.

FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The poem “Speak Gently” was written by _______________.
2. Refer to the poem “Speak Gently”; the word “Harsh” means _______________.
3. We shall have good results of speaking kindly in the ___________________.
4. We should speak kindly to the old people becouse they will leave the world ____________.
5. We may ____________the love of children by speaking kindly.
6. Refer to the poem “Speak Gently”; the word “Mar” means______________.
7. Refer to the poem “Speak Gently”; the word “Gently” means ____________.
8. Refer to the poem “Speak Gently”; let no harsh word mar; the _________we may do here.
9. Refer to the poem “Speak Gently”; it is better far ; to rule by love than ____________.
ANSWERS:
1.Anonymous 2.Angry 3.Shortly 4.Shortly 5.Win 6.Spoil 7.Kindly 8.Good 9.Fear
Passages
Speak gently; it is better far
To rule by love than fear.
Speak gently; let no harsh word mar
The good we may do here.

2. What is meant by let no harsh word mar?
Speak gently to the little child;
Its love be sure to gain;
Teach it in accents soft and mild,
It may not long remain.

2. What is meant by Gently?
Speak gently to the aged one;
Grieve not the careworn heart;

Whose sands of life are nearly run;
Let such in peace depart.
1. Name the poem & the poet/poetess ?

2. What is meant by Grieve not the careworn?
Speak gently; 'tis a little thing
Dropped in the heart's deep well;
The good, the joy that it may bring
Eternity shall tell.

2. What is meant by Enternity?
SHOPPING
"Have you finished your breakfast, children?" called Mother from the kitchen.
"Yes, Mother," answered Najma and Ajmal together. They hurriedly gulped down their tea and
went to the kitchen.
"Get ready, both of you, while I do the washing up."
"Are we going to visit our uncle?" asked Najma.
"No, we go shopping today," said Mother.
"Shopping?" said Ajmal. "We've never gone shopping before, Mother."
"Yes, I know. That's because your father always does the shopping. But he's not at home. He's on
tour, and it's the beginning of the month. We've run out of groceries and provisions. So we shall
have to do the shopping ourselves. Let's hurry then, and get ready."
"It's going to be fun," said Ajmal in excitement.
"I am sure we'll all enjoy it," added Mother.

They stood on the roadside waiting for a taxi, all three of them carrying shopping bags. Mother
hired a taxi. They sat in it.
"Market, please!" said the Mother to the driver. "And start the meter."
"The meter is out of order. Twenty five rupees for the market," said the driver.
"Good heavens! Twenty five rupees for the market!" exclaimed Mother. "It's hardly two kilometers
from here. I'll pay you fifteen rupees or you drive us to the traffic sentry there."
"Alright Begam Sahib," said the driver, "let it be fifteen rupees then."
"Let's go to the mutton market first," said Mother as they got down the taxi.
"Look, Najma, how big those goats are!" said Ajmal pointing to the slaughtered animals hanging in
a butcher's shop.
"They are not goats; Ajmal, they are cows and calves," corrected their Mother. "This is the beef
market."
"What's the difference between beef and mutton?"
"Beef is the meat of cows while mutton is that of goats and sheep," said Mother stopping in front
of a mutton shop.
"How much, for a kilo?" Mother asked the butcher.
"One hundred twenty rupees Madam."
One hundred twenty rupees? "No, it's one hundred ten rupees according to price list here," said
Mother pointing at the list.
"Yes Madam, one hundred ten rupees for the ordinary meat. But if you want special...".
Mother interrupted him and said, "I’ll have the special meat at one hundred ten rupees a kilo."
"Yes Madam, as you wish. How much?" said the butcher.
" One kilo of leg and one kilo minced meat," answered Mother.
The butcher did his job and said, "Everything has been packed for you, Madam. Here you are! "
Mother made the payment, put the meat in the bag and said, "Now let's buy some vegetables." So
they went to the vegetable and fruit market.
"Please give me a kilo of tomatoes," said Mother.
“Yes, Ma'am. Anything else?" asked the shopkeeper.

"Yes, five kilos of onions, two kilos of potatoes, one kilo each of cabbage, cauliflower, turnips,
green peas and two kilos of spinach and five kilos of carrots'
"How much for the bananas?" asked Mother. "Twenty rupees for ten," said the fruit seller.
"And apples?" "Twenty four rupees a kilo."
"Give me ten bananas and one kilo of apples. Ajmal, put them in your basket and then we go to
A FRUIT SHOP
the grocer's."
"Please give me one kilo of salt, a quarter of red chillies, a quarter of black pepper and other spices;
two cartons of soapflakes, three bars of washing soap, four cakes of toilet soap, a kilo bag of
porridge, a jar of honey, one bottle each of tomato sauce and vinegar and two packets of biscuits."
The shopkeeper weighed and wrapped all the items in a large paper bag. Mother told the children
that now-a-days instead of polythene bags the paper bags are being used all over the world.
Polythene bags block the sewerage pipes. When the drains are choked the dirty water spills all
over.

"One last thing before we go home," said Mother, stopping before a poultry shop.
"How much for the eggs?"
"Thirty rupees for a dozen. How many, Madam?"
"Two dozens."
"Here you are," said the shopkeeper.
"Do you have chicken?" inquired Mother.
"Live or dressed?"
"Dressed. How much for a kilo?"
"Ninety rupees."
"Is it fresh?"
"Yes, Madam. We keep it in the freezer."
"Give me one kilo, please."
"That will do for today," said Mother coming out of the market.
"Let's go home now"
"I enjoyed shopping," said Ajmal entering the house.
"Next Sunday we shall go again."
"No, not next Sunday, next month. It's 11 o'clock children. Let's get busy. Ajmal, you polish your
own and Najma's shoes. Najma you iron the clothes while I go to the kitchen and start cooking."

Q.1 Why did mother ask Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping?
Ans. Mother asked Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping because their father was not at
home. He was on tour and in his absence the mother had to do shopping. Moreover, they also
have run out of groceries and provisions.
Q.2 How much fare did the taxi driver demanded?
Ans. Mother hired a taxi to reach the market and asked the driver about the fare. The taxi driver
demanded twenty rupees before hand s the meter was out of order.
Q.3 What did mother tell the taxi-driver?
Ans. The mother was shocked by the demand of taxi driver because the fare was too much as the

distance was hardly a kilometer. She further threatened that she would take him to traffic
constable if he insisted on charging 20 rupees
Q.4 Where did mother and children go first for shopping?
Ans. Mother and children firstly went to the mutton market. Najma and Ajmal were astonished
to see the Halal animals hanging in the market.
Q.5 What is the difference between beef and mutton?
Ans. The meat of cows, calves and buffaloes is called beef. Whereas mutton is the flesh of goats
and sheep.
Q.6 What did mother buy at the butcher’s shop?
Ans. Firstly mother bargained with the butcher and settled the price at ninety rupees a kilo
according to the price-list. Then she demands one kilo of leg and one kilo minced meat.
Q.7 Where did mother go after making purchases at the butcher?
Ans. After making purchases at the butcher’s mother headed towards the vegetables and fruit.
She wanted to buy fresh and tasty vegetables for the incoming month.
Q.8 How did the mother buy bananas and apples?
Ans. Monthly firstly inquired the fruit sever about the price. Then she bought ten bananas at a
rte of fifteen rupees and one kg apples at a cost of twenty rupees.
Q.9 What did mother buy last of all?
Ans. After making all purchases mother went to a poultry shop. She bought eggs and one kilo of
dressed chicken at a rate of twenty and ninety rupees respectively.
Q.10 How far is the market from the house of Najma and Ajmal?
Ans. The market was not so far from the house of Najma and Ajmal. It was about a distance of
one thousands metres.
Q.11 What did mother ask the children to do when they reached back home?
Ans. When they had reached back home, mother asked Ajmal to polish his own and Najma’s
shoes. She order ordered Najma to iron the clothes.
Q.12 When do we use Metre, Kilometre, Kilo and Litre?
Ans. These are all measuring units of different quantities. Metre is used for measuring Length,
Kilometre for distance, Kilo for weightsand Litre to measure liquids except with those of high
viscosity.
Q.13 Give the reason why polythene bags are not being used all over the world? or What is /
are the harmful effects of polythene bags?
Ans. Polythene bags are not being used all over the world because they are major source of
water pollution. They lock the severage pipes and when the drains are chocked, the dirty water
spills all over. There is no suitable way of disposing these bags.
Q.14 How can we call the mother a vigilant customer? or How did mother bargain for the price
at the butcher’s shop?

Ans. We can call the mother a vigilant customer because before buying anything she seemed to
be very conscious the price and quality of goods. At the butcher’s shop, she firstly inquired about
the price. When she knew the price, she insisted on charging less rupees because the prices were
exceeding the price list. The butcher started telling stories but finally he agreed on the low rate
which shows the vigilance of mother.
Q.15 Why were Najma and Ajmal excited?
Ans. Najma and Ajmal were excited because the first time they were going for shopping. The idea
of learning new and interesting things was making them excited.
‘Q.16 Why did Taxi driver demand 20 rupees for fare?
Ans. Taxi driver demanded 20 rupees for the fare because he wanted to make more money than
the fare. As the meter of taxi was also our of order, so taking the advantage of this situation he
wanted to charge 20 rupees.
FILL IN
THE HAND THAT ROCKS THE CRADLE

IS THE HAND THAT RULES THE WORLD
[This poem is written by William Ross Wallace, (1819-1881). He was born in Lexington, Kentucky.
His first poem appeared in 1837. He was a lawyer by profession, but spent more time on literature.
He composed patriotic songs during the civil war which became popular. He was a friend of Edgar
Allen Poe whom he resembled in both temperament and habits. He possessed a splendid
imagination as well as poetic diction.]
Blessings on the hand of women!
Angels guard its strength and grace,
In the palace, cottage, hovel,
Oh, no matter where the place;
Would that never storms assailed it,
Rainbows ever gently curled;
For the hand that rocks the cradle
Is the hand that rules the world.
Infancy's the tender fountain,
Power may with beauty flow,
Mother's first to guide the streamlets,
From them souls unresting grow —
Grow on for the good or evil,
Sunshine streamed or evil hurled;
Woman, how divine your mission
Here upon our natal sod!

Keep, oh, keep the young heart open
Always to the breath of God!
All true trophies of the ages
Are from mother's love impearled;
Blessings on the hand of women!
Fathers, sons and daughters cry,
And the sacred song is mingled
With the worship in the sky
Mingles where no tempest darkens,
Rainbows evermore are hurled
WWW.ALI,sonlineupdate.blogspot.com
AN AFRICAN VILLAGE

After Asia, Africa is the largest Continent and it consists of more than thirty-five independent
countries. Its northern parts have had relations with Europe and Asia for many centuries but very
little was known about other parts till the middle of the 19th century. No wonder, it was called the
"Dark Continent" once.
The village life anywhere in the world is closely associated with agriculture. So is a village in Nigeria
which is mainly an agricultural country. Nigeria is the largest country of West Africa and is the most
thickly populated of all the African countries. Most of its inhabitants are farmers who live in villages.
A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest which thins out into bush in the north. The
bush consists of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bushes and grass.
The farmers’ settlements or villages are scattered in the bush where they cultivate the land.
These villages are different from our villages. A Nigerian village may consist of a dozen to about
three dozen huts. These huts are separated from one another by cultivated patches of land. Since
the huts are not situated close together, there are no streets or lanes. They are joined by bush
paths which may lead to other villages in the same bush area.
Formerly a farmer's hut was a single room. It was built very simply. Thick branches of trees were
stuck in the ground in a large circle. These branches were joined at the top and bound firmly
together. Thus a cone-shaped room was made. The spaces between the branches were filled up
with straw, and the roof was also thatched with a thick layer of straw, grass, reeds, or palm-leaves.
A narrow opening was left for entrance on the side toward the sun. Now, bigger and better huts
are built and more modern building methods and materials are used. A farmer's house may now
have two or more rooms. It is built round a compound. Some of the rooms have four walls with a
door opening on to the courtyard, while others have only three walls with a verandah. The walls
are made of wood and are plastered with mud. The roof is still thatched with grass, reeds or palm-
leaves. Some of the houses are circular in shape while others may be square or rectangular.
The courtyard of the house is the centre of all activities. Womenfolk work and cook food, and the
children play there. There is little furniture in these homes. The people sleep on mats spread on
mud-plastered floors. All household pots and pans are earthenware, though tin and aluminium
utensils have also found their way into these homes.
Since electricity has not reached these remote villages, the bush-dwellers still use wood for lighting
and heating purposes. A large pile of wood is lighted in the middle of the courtyard which gives
them light and protects them from cold, mosquitoes and wild beasts. Rain water is stored in large
ponds during the rainy season and is used for drinking as well as for other needs.
Close to the farmer's dwelling is a patch of land for growing food crops which include plantains,
potatoes, yams, groundnuts and pepper. Usually, women look after the food crops while men tend
the cash crops like oil-palms and cocoa trees. The fruit of oil-palm is boiled and pressed. It gives oil

which is filled in drums and is exported to other countries. Similarly, the fruit of cocoa tree yields
beans which are ground into powder from which chocolate is made. Cocoa beans and powder are
also a major export of Nigeria.
One thing that is common in our villages and which we shall miss in an African village is the cattle.
In many parts of Africa, farmers cannot rear cattle on account of a kind of fly whose sting kills the
cattle and causes sleeping sickness among human beings. In the absence of cattle, the farmer has
to plough the fields with his hands, carry load to the market and walk long distances. He may,
however, keep a goat for milk, and poultry for eggs.
This picture is not complete. It can never be complete because the
African village is always changing and has already changed much. The bush-dwellers are being
introduced to the modern facilities of transport and communications. Once their small villages are
linked by road with towns and cities, they will soon see buses and cars, electricity and tube-wells,
radios and televisions, schools and hospitals coming to their villages.
KING BRUCE AND THE SPIDER

[This poem is written by Eliza Cook (1818-1889). Born in London she was the youngest of eleven
children. She was entirely self-educated and wrote verses from the age of fourteen. Her first
volume being published at seventeen. In 1849, she edited and published "Eliza Cook's Journal."
Her work is simple and highly moral. In this poem, she teaches the reader what she always
practised in her own life: to keep on trying and never to be discouraged.]
King Bruce of Scotland flung himself down
In a lonely mood to think;
Tis true he was monarch and wore a crown,
But his heart was beginning to sink.
For he had been trying to do a great deed,
To make his people glad;
He had tried and tried, but couldn't succeed,
So became quite sad.
He flung himself down in a low despair,
As grieved as man could be,
And after a while, as he pondered there,
"I'll give it all up" said he.
Now just at the moment a spider dropped,
With its silken cobweb clue,
And the King in the midst of his thinking stopped
To see what the spider would do.
‘T was a long way up to the ceiling dome,

And it hung by a rope so fine,
That how it would get to its cobweb home
King Bruce could not divine.
It soon began to cling and crawl
Straight-up with strong endeavour;
But down it came with a slippery sprawl.
As near to the ground as ever.
Up, up it ran, not a second, could stay,
To utter the least complaint,
Till it fell still lower, and there it lay,
A little dizzy and faint.
It's head grew steady again it went,
And travelled a half-yard higher;
T was a delicate thread it had to tread,
And a road where its feet would tire.
Again it fell and swung below,
But again it quickly mounted,
Till up and down, now fast, now slow
Nine brave attempts were counted.
"Sure," cried the King, "that foolish thing

Will strive no more to climb,
When it toils so hard to reach and cling

THE INHERITORS
A poor farmer had two sons, Azam and Moazzam. Their mother had died in their childhood. Now
their father also died and the boys inherited his property which consisted of a cow, a date-palm
tree and a blanket.
Azam, the elder brother, was very greedy and clever, but his younger brother, Moazzam, was
simple and trusting. Azam suggested that they should divide the property left by their late father.
"How shall we divide the cow, for instance?" asked Moazzam. "Cut it into two?"
"No, stupid!" answered Azam, "we shall just divide it verbally. For instance, the front part of the
cow, which is the better part, shall be yours while the rear part shall be mine. Agreed?"
"Oh, yes thank you very much." Moazzam was delighted with the generosity of his elder brother.
"Similarly, the top of the date-palm, which you cannot climb, shall be mine while the lower part,
that's the trunk, shall be yours. Agreed?"
"Yes, agreed," answered Moazzam cheerfully, "And what about the blanket?"
"It shall be mine only from sunset to sunrise, that's only during the night. It shall be yours for the
whole day."
"Agreed," said Moazzam, thinking happily that it was a fair division.
Now Moazzam would feed the cow and Azam would milk it. He would not give a drop of milk to
Moazzam; instead, he would praise Moazzam for looking-after the cow and feeding it so well. It
pleased the innocent younger brother so much that he gave even more grass to the cow and the
cow gave more milk.
In the same manner, Moazzam regularly watered the date palm tree. When the dates were ripefor
picking, Azam climbed the tree and picked all the fruit. He did not offer even a single date to his
younger brother. Of course he praised him for looking after the tree so well. Moazzam was quite
content with it.
As regards the blanket, Moazzam had no use for it because it was hot during the day. At night
when it grew cold, he would shiver, while Azam enjoyed a deep, comfortable sleep under the warm
blanket.
This went on for some time. An old man of the village noticed how the younger brother was being
cheated by the elder brother. One day, the old man went to their house and found Moazzam
feeding the cow.

"Why are you feeding the cow?" said the old man.
"Because the front part is mine," answered Moazzam.
"And who gets the milk?"
"My brother, because the rear part belongs to him," answered Moazzam innocently.
"Does he give you any milk?" asked the old man.
"Then you are a fool. You look after the cow and feed her, and your brother gets all the milk!"
"But what can I do?" said Moazzam helplessly. "This is all according to the agreement between
us."
"Come here and listen to me." The old man whispered something in his ear. Next morning, as usual,
Azam began to milk the cow. Moazzam also came with a short stick, and hit the cow's head. The
cow moved this way and that.
"Stop it," Shouted Azam. "Don't you see I am milking the cow? Don't disturb her."
I'm only hitting the front part which is mine," said Moazzam, "I shall do what I like with my part of
the cow."
Azam was a clever boy, so he guessed that somebody had advised Moazzam to do that.
"All right, I shall give you half the milk and, now, stop beating the cow."
"And you must also share in the feeding of the cow," said Moazzam; and Azam had to agree to this.
After a few days, Azam climbed the date-palm tree to pick ripe dates. He had hardly collected a
handful of dates when he heard the sound of an axe striking the tree. He looked and saw Moazzam
was cutting the trunk of the tree with an axe.
"Hey, what are you doing?" shouted Azam. "Don't you see I'm up here picking dates?"
"I'm only cutting my part of the tree," said Moazzam, and went on cutting.
"I shall give you half of the dates, but you must stop cutting the tree," called out Azam.
"And you must also share in the watering of the tree," shouted Moazzam, and Azam had to agree
to this, too.
The same night, when Azam came to take the blanket, he found that it was wet.
"What have you done with the blanket?" he asked. "How can I sleep under it?"

"1 don't know," answered Moazzam innocently. "It's mine during the day-time, and I can do with
it what I please."
"Very well, dear brother, from tomorrow night we shall share the blanket," said Azam. "We shall
sleep together and shall be more comfortable."

CASABIANCA
[This poem is written by Felicia Dorothea Hemans (1793-1835). She was born at Liverpool, but the
family moved to Wales where she was brought up. She was quick in mind and had a fine memory.
As a poet, she has been compared to Longfellow. Like Cowper, she loved the pathetic, and there
is great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her work. She also stressed moral values.]
The boy stood on the burning deck,
Whence all but he had fled;
The flame that lit the battle's wreck
Shone round him o'er the dead.
Yet beautiful and bright he stood,
As born to rule the storm;
A creature of heroic blood,
A proud, though child-like form.
The flames rolled on - he would not go
Without his father's word;
That father faint in death below,
His voice no longer heard.
He called aloud: "Say, father! say
If yet my task is done?"
He knew not that the chieftain by
Unconscious of his son.

"Speak, father!" once again he cried,
"If I may yet be gone!"
And but the booming shots replied,
And fast the flames rolled on.
Upon his brow he felt their breath,
And in his waving hair
And looked from that lone post of death
In still, yet brave despair.
And shouted but once more aloud,
"My father! must I stay?"
While o'er him fast, through sail and shroud,
The wreathing fires made way.
They wrapt the ship in splendour wild,
They caught the flag on high,
And streamed above the gallant child,
Like banners in the sky.
There came a burst of thunder sound
The boy oh! where was he?
Ask of the winds that far around
With fragments strewed the sea!

With mast, and helm, and pennon fair,
That well had borne their part:
But the noblest thing which perished there.
Was that young faithful heart!

THE KHYBER PASS
Who has not heard of the famous Khyber Pass? There are many who have travelled through some
part of it. It is a narrow mountain valley about fifty kilometres long. We have to travel through the
Khyber Pass to go to Afghanistan. At this side of the Khyber, is the famous city of Peshawar and at
the other end, the frontier post of Torkham.
The Khyber Pass has been famous in history for thousands of years. The Aryans crossed this Pass
nearly four thousand years ago and entered Pakistan. After them came the Mongols and the
Tartars. Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi crossed the Khyber Pass seventeen times to attack South Asia.
Then came other Muslim conquerors - Shahabuddin Ghauri, Babur and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
The Khyber Pass had been a famous trade route. Formerly, camel caravans passed through it. They
carried bales of cotton, silk and spices from India and China to Afghanistan and beyond. They
brought mirrors, furs, skins and fruits from there for India and the countries to the East. Traders
still use this route. The trade is now carried on mostly by trains, lorries and trucks. The Khyber Pass
is as busy a trade route today as it was ever before.
Bilal's class-fellows made a trip to the Khyber Pass last summer. They hired a bus from Peshawar
and started early in the morning. About fourteen kilometres from Peshawar is the Jamrod check-
post. They had to stop there and obtain a permit. The road through the Pass is excellent. It runs
zigzag through the mountains. In these mountains live the brave tribesmen of the Frontier. When
the British ruled our country, these brave tribesmen fought the mighty British Empire for a hundred
years and defended their freedom. Now they are the defenders of the North-western frontier of
Pakistan.
Bilal and his friends saw some houses here and there. On the top of nearly every house was a
tower with a long, narrow opening in its walls to be used for firing at the enemies. A shot is hardly
ever fired from them now.
After covering about thirty kilometres they reached Landikotal, the highest place along the Pass.
Here, the students made a short stop and ate some TIkkas and Chapli Kababs. They found them
quite delicious. From Landikotal, the road goes down winding through beautiful scenery. Parallel
to the road, runs the railway line. It has to run through many tunnels in the mountains. This railway
line was laid in 1925 to carry arms and supplies for the British army. The brave tribesmen broke up
parts of the line again and again. They do not do so any more now, because it belongs to Pakistan.
Just below the road, the students saw a track along which once travelled camel caravans and mule
trains. After a journey of ten kilometres they reached Torkham the border between Pakistan and

Afghanistan. They saw a chain stretched across the road and the Pakistan flag flying on a hill. They
were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier. As they stood looking at the hills, they
KHYBER PASS
thought of the brave soldiers of Mahmood, Babur and Abdali riding along this beautiful Pass. They
also thought of the caravans which once carried carpets, silks, skins, spices and fruits through the
Khyber Pass to and from the cities of South Asia and beyond.

THE MINSTREL BOY
[This poem is written by Thomas Moore (1779-1852) an Irish poet. He was born in Dublin where
he studied at the best school. He was admitted to Trinity College at the age of 15 years. He became
an enthusiastic Irish patriot. In imitation of Lora Byron, who was his friend, he wrote poem on an
oriental theme called "Lalla Rookh." His patriotic feeling is well expressed in this poem.]
The minstrel boy to the war is gone,
In the ranks of death you'll find him,
His father's sword he has girded on,
And his wild harp slung behind him,
"Land of song!" said the warrior bard,
"Though all the world betrays thee,
One sword, at least, thy rights shall guard,
One faithful harp shall praise thee!"
The minstrel fell! - but the foeman's chain
Could not bring his proud soul under;
The harp he loved ne'er spoke again,
For he tore its chords asunder,
And said, "No chains shall sully thee,
Thou soul of love and bravery!
Thy songs were made for the pure and free,
They shall never sound in slavery!"

HOW TO DO THINGS
A: Arranging a party
Shahnaz was very happy because it was her birthday and she had invited her friends to a party at
home. Qaisara, her dearest and closest friend, was to help her with the arrangements. The guests
were to come in the afternoon, and everything had to be ready by then.
The two friends talked about the menu, and they decided to serve kababs, samosas, sandwiches,
fruit-chat, sweetmeat and cake along with tea at the party. They also decided to prepare kababs,
sandwiches and fruit-chat at home and buy the rest of the things from the market.
The drawing-room was the first to receive their attention. They wanted to decorate it in such a
manner that none should find fault with it. It was a hard job but the girls did wonderfully well. The
drawing-room presented a beautiful look, when they had finished their work. They took special
care in cleaning the crockery and the cutlery before laying the table.
Now they got busy in the kitchen. However, they got the help of mother, in making kababs. Qaisara
was an expert in preparing fruit-chat, while Shahnaz thought she could make excellent sandwiches.
Both had a nice time in preparing things of their own choice. They finished their work well in time
and were satisfied with what they had prepared.
By then it was afternoon. Father came home and brought a big, splendid cake. It bore, the name
of Shahnaz with a wish for a happy birthday. He also brought other eatables so that nothing was
missing from the menu. Shahnaz and Qaisara arranged everything on the table, giving the place of
honour to the birthday cake.
They also made arrangements for providing the guests fun and laughter with party games, like
"passing the parcel", "treasure hunt" and "musical chairs".
The "parcel game" was to be very interesting and exciting. A piece of toffee was put in a small
carton which was wrapped with many layers of coloured paper. Each layer concealed a slip of
paper which bore one of such commands: 'sing a song', ‘crow like a cock', ‘bleat like a goat', ‘bray
like a donkey.' The parcel was to pass from one guest to another. Each would remove only one
layer of the wrapping, and get the 'punishment' that fell to her lot. The one who got the parcel last
would get the prize, the piece of toffee.

In 'treasure hunt', small packets of sweets wrapped in paper were to be hidden at different places
in the room. The guests were to look for them everywhere till all the "treasures" were found.
The "musical chairs" would be the last item of the programme, and the winner would get a prize.
Soon the guests started arriving. Shahnaz was clad in a beautiful dress and so were all her friends.
She received gifts from the guests and expressed her thanks. When all the guests had arrived,
Shahnaz cut the birthday cake amid claps and cheers, and then the tea was served.
After the tea, the guests enjoyed themselves with amusements of all sorts. It was quite late by the
time the guests left. Shahnaz was happy because it was a good party and everybody had enjoyed
it.
B: Mending a puncture
Riding a bicycle is a joy, when one is young. But this joy suddenly vanishes, when the cycle you are
riding gets punctured. Suppose you are off from school. You are riding back home merrily.
Suddenly a whizzing sound comes from your bicycle's hind wheel. You feel, while riding that the
tyre has lost its tightness and is pressing flat against the ground. You get down the bicycle.
Sometimes, there is a tyre burst, frightening you and the passers-by.
This emergency should not worry you if you are prepared for it. You lay your bicycle on the ground
and leave it there. You take out your kit for mending thepuncture. It contains a wrench, a piece of
old cycle tube, a pair of small scissors, sandpaper, a colour pencil and sticking solution.
Then you get some water in a large shallow pot. You take one edge of the tyre off the rim. You take
out the tube and inflate it.
You dip the inflated tube into the pot of water bit by bit. The moment the punctured part of the
tube goes under water, air bubbles will be seen coming out of the small hole with a hissing sound.
You mark the spot with a colour pencil. The whole of the tube is tested in this way, and all the
punctured parts of the tube are marked.
You deflate the tube and let it dry. Then you take the sandpaper and rub the tube at the punctured
spot, till the surface gets rough. You cut a piece from the old tube according to the size of the
puncture. You also make its surface rough with the sandpaper. Now you take the sticking solution.
You apply some of it to the tube, as well as to the piece of rubber and rub it with your finger. You
wait for some time till the solution dries a little. You place the piece of rubber on the puncture and
press it tight. It sticks to the tube. The puncture has been mended. You put the tube back into the
tyre, pump air into it and ride as you wish.
This is how one may mend the puncture by oneself. The process of mending a puncture at a cycle
shop is a different one. A kind of half solid rubber solution is applied to the punctured part of the

tube. It is heated at a certain temperature for some time in a machine which is a sort of press. The
solution melts and sticks to the tube so that both are inseparable. This method of mending the
puncture is common these days and is more durable.

Q.1 What games were arranged for the guests?
Ans. To make the party colourful and fascinating, Shahnawaz also arranged some games. These
games include “Passing the Parcel”, “Treasure Hunt” and “Musical Chair”. These games provided
fun and laughter to the guests.
Q.2 When is a bicycle-rider a joy? When does this joy vanish?
Ans. Bicycle ride is a joy when one is young, it is also a pleasant experience when you are riding a
bicycle. This joy suddenly vanishes when the cycle gets punctured. You feel while the riding that
the tyre has lost its lightness and is pressing flat against the ground.
Q.3 What does the kit for mending the puncture contain?
Ans. The kit for mending the puncture is needed when the tyre last its lightness. The kit contains
a wrench, a pair of small scissors, a piece of an old cycle tube, sand paper, a coloured pencil and
the sticking solution.
Q.4 How is the “Parcel” prepared for the “Parcel Game”?
Ans.The parcel game is to be very interesting and exciting. A piece of Toffee is put in a small
carton which was wrapped with many layers of coloured papers.
Q.5 How is the game “Treasure Hunt” played?
Ans. Treasure hunt is an interesting game. In treasure hunt small things wrapped in paper are to
be hidden at different places in the room. The guest are to look for every where till all the
treasures are found.
Q.6 Describe the process of mending a puncture?
Ans. In order to make a puncture, first of all we take out tube from the wheel and inflate it. Then
we dip it in water and find out the puncture, mark it with the coloured pencil and dry it and rub it
with sand paper and then apply sticking solution and press it. The tube is then put into tyre and
pumped. The puncture has been mended.
Q.7 Describe the process of mending a puncture in a repair shop?
Ans. The purpose of mending a puncture at a bicycle repair shop is different one. A kind of half
solid rubber solution is applied to the puncture part of the tube. It is heated at a certain
temperature for some time in a machine which is a sort of press. The solution melts and sticks to
the tube so that both are inseparable.
Q.8 What are the amusing aspects of parcel game?
Ans. The amusing aspects of parcel game are the punishment given during the games These
punishments are the mixture of commands like “sing a song”, “crow like a cock”, “bleat like a
goat”, “bray like a donkey”. Everyone has to obey the command that fell to it his lot.

Q.9 How can a successful party be arranged?
Ans. A successful party can be arranged through the following steps. A party should be well-
planned and decorative to attract the people. The menu setting and serving counts very munch
in a coourful party and there should be some entertainment for the guests.
Q.10 How decoration is necessary for arranging a party?
Ans. Decoration is the best way to make a party fascinating. If the decoration is not attractive the
party has no effect. The party place should be adorn in such a manner that it could capture the
attention of the guests and add beautiful colours to the party.
THE USES OF ADVERSITY

Anonymous
Fairer is the manuscript
When the reed is clipped;
Clearer runs the message, when
There's a trimming of the pen.
Dimly burns the lantern, but
When its wick is cut
Perfect will its lustre be
Through the wick's deficiency.

Q.1 Write the message of this poem?
Ans. Adversity is the mother of our noblest virtues that teach us patience, perseverance
fortitude. Self help and sympathy and bring us nearest to Almighty creator. Adversity is a gift
from God. Seeming ugly and dark but actually messengers of sweetness and light. As Francis
Bacon says “The virtue of Adversity is fortitude, which is mortal in the more heroic virtue.”

MAKING A SUMMARY
No matter what job a person has, he needs to read a lot. Only by wide reading can a person keep
up with the latest developments in his own field of work and in the world at large. But since there
is too much to read, people make use of summaries.
A good summary is generally one-third of the length of the original passage. It must present all the
important points in a precise form. Hence it is also called a "precis" (pronounced: pray-see).
To make a precis, there are five skills which are needed. The first is generalising. This means that
one must be able to give one general word or phrase for a long list of words. An example is:
"Oranges, bananas, apples, grapes, pears, peaches." All these can come under the general word:
"fruit".
A more important skill is the ability to select facts which concern the main ideas in the passage,
and reject details having little or no importance. For example, out of the following three sentences,

the middle one could easily be rejected: "The dog was very fierce. The dog howled all night. So the
neighbours never went near it". It is useful to give the passage a title. This helps us to select what
is important.
The third skill to learn is to compress several words into one word or phrase. For instance, "that
which cannot be seen" can be compressed into "invisible", and "that which cannot be avoided";
can be reduced to "inevitable".
One difficulty which arises is how to deal with sentences having direct speech (i.e. sentences in
inverted commas). If we retain the inverted commas, we should not make any reduction in the
sentences, as this would not be correct. Quotations must be given intact, without change. So to
overcome this problem, we change the passage from direct speech to indirect speech. After this,
we are free to summarize what has been said.
For example: "Please stop that noise. I want all of you to be quiet", J she said. This can be reduced
to: She told them to be quiet.
Care must be taken when making a precis not to state personal opinions as if they were true for
all people at the times. Look at this: "Wasim is the best cricketer in world, and there is no one to
equal him". Obviously, this is a personal opinion. The summary is not: Wasim is the world's best
cricketer" but: The author feels that Wasim is the world's best cricketer".

Q.1 Give the Summary of the Lesson.
Ans. We use summary to express lengthy material in short steps. A good summary is generally
one third of the length. Precise must not look like a collection of disjointed sentences nor should
any important or beautiful idea of the original be left. For making a precise, we should keep five
skills in mind among which generalizing of ideas is an initial step. Selection of related ideas,
compression of lengthy sentences, use of indirect narration and reference of the author counts
very much in Precise-writing.
Q.2 What is the significance of Precise-Writing?
Ans. The significance of Precise-writing is clear from the fact tht in this fast moving world, one
could not pace up with the advancement of the world, so the man of this century depends
mostly upon precise. It is the easiest way to get information at length in shortest possible time by
average reading.
Q.3 What are the steps involved in Precise-Writing?
Ans. Precise-writing is used to express prolong material in short steps. A perfect precise can be

produced by the combination of five steps among which use of indirect narration and
compression of lengthy material are important. The other steps are selection of related ideas,
generalizing of ideas and reference of the author.
THERE'S A GOOD TIME COMING

[This poem is written by Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song-writer. He was born in Perth.
His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in 1828 and began writing
verses in both English and French in 1830. He returned to London and worked for the "Morning
Chronicle" till 1884 and then became editor of "Argus". Besides his extremely popular songs, some
of which still live, Mackay wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round
journalist.]
There's a good time coming, boys,
A good time coming;
We may not live to see the day,
But earth shall glisten in the ray
Of the good time coming.
Cannon balls may aid the truth,
But thought's a weapon stronger;
We'll win our battle by its aid-
Wait a little longer.
There's a good time coming, boys,
A good time coming;
The pen shall supersede the sword,
And right, not might, shall be the lord

In the good time coming.
Worth not birth, shall rule mankind.
And be acknowledged stronger;
The proper impulse has been given-
There's good time coming, boys,
A good time coming.
War in all men's eyes shall be
A monster of iniquity
In the good time coming.
Nations shall not quarrel then,
To prove which is the stronger;
Nor slaughter men for glory's sake
There's good time coming, boys,
A good time coming;
Let us aid it all we can,
Every woman, every man,
The good time coming.
Smallest helps, if rightly given,

Make the impulse stronger;
‘T will be strong enough one day
SUMMARY
This poem is written by an Scottish poet Charles Mackay. This poem exhibits the strong assurity
of the poet, being optimistic and religious that there once will day when everyone will enjoy the
basic rights. The good time will prevail. The whole world regardless of area. Destructive weapons
which are used to prove the truth shall be replaced by the good thoughts. The power of pen will
exceed the power of sward i.e. the power will be used in positive spin.
Everyone will be free to enjoy his basic rights. The people will be respected on the virtue of their
worth. There will be no extra support to walk over the ladder of life. Moral values like merit,
privileges will hold the ground in that time.
It would be such an ideal time that no body will praise the wars to protect the material comb.
The people will disgust the war because of unfairness and injustice.
In the end the poet has tied the hopes with humanity that by working together we can
revolutionize the whole world and can bring the ideal future closer.
CENTRAL IDEA
The Central Idea of this poem is that an era is to come with there will be no war because there
will be a radical change in the outlook of people and nations. The poet Charles Mackay is
optimistic that in future nations will agree to code of national behaviour humanity will emerge
from the dark nights of wars and destructions and hail down of a new better era of peace and
prosperity.
Theme “Hope Sustains the World.”
(QUESTION & ANSWERS)

Q.1 What do you know about the poet “Charles Mackay”?
Ans. Charles Mackay (1814-1889) was born in Scotland. In London, he worked for the “Morning
Charnicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs,
some of which still alive and he wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all
round journalist.
Q.2 Do you agree with the poet that a good time is coming?
Ans. Yes, I agree with the poet that a good time is coming. He rightly said that if we worked
together, we can bring the ideal future closer in which truthfulness, peace, Justice and merit will
prevail all around the World. s poet tries to explain in his poem that even the lightest deeds
dome with sincerity will produce the result naturally.

Q.3 What future does the poet promise for us?
Ans. Charles Mackay being optimistic promises an ideal future for us where there will be
complete peace in the World. Good thoughts will be the most strongest weapon to protect the
privileges and intellectuals will be the fighter instead of sword. Moral values like merit, worth will
hold the ground in that time and people will regard wars as disgusting because of unfairness.
Q.4 Does poet expect us to make some effort of achievement?
Ans. Yes, Charles Mackay has tied strong hopes to us and by giving an initiative, he has asked us
to bring the ideal future closer to us. According to poet it is our duty to make our combined
efforts to get this goal in a positive and constructive way. In this way we can revolutionize the
whole World.
THE CUSTOMS OF VARIOUS REGIONS OF PAKISTAN

Pakistan is full of beautiful natural scenery. In the north are the snowcapped mountains with their
silvery waterfalls and cool lakes. The central part consists of the fertile green plains of the Punjab
and Sindh. Then there are the rocky regions of Balochistan and the beautiful shores of the Arabian
sea. These geographical variations are reflected in the customs of the people of various regions of
our country.
The tribal people and the Pathans of the north are sturdy and brave. Through the ages they have
fought the invaders coming from the north. Even today a Pathan from the tribal area will rarely be
seen without a firearm of some kind.
The power of a tribe depends upon the number of its menfolk. The birth of a son is, therefore,
regarded as a great blessing for the family. The proud father announces the birth of a son by rifle-
shots.
Sheep are bred in large herds on the green slopes of the northern region. The favourite food of the
people is meat. Roast mutton and spicy chapli kababs are popular dishes. They are frequently
prepared at special Kabab shops. The Pathans are very hospitable by nature. Their generosity to
their guests is well known. They will protect a visitor or a person whom they have given refuge,
even at the cost of their own lives. Marriages are arranged by parents.
The Punjab, the land of five-rivers, has been called the "Heart of Pakistan" by the Quaid-i-Azam. It
has always been a center of culture and a seat of learning. The University of Taxila flourished nearly
two thousand and five hundred years ago. Even today a large number of schools, colleges and
universities are flourishing in the Punjab. The habits, dialects and dress vary from place to place.
With nearly every district, some particular craft is associated. The inlaid furniture of Chiniot, the

sports goods of Sialkot, the cutlery of Wazirabad, the pottery of Gujrat and Bahawalpur, and the
embroidery of Multan are famous all over the country.
The Punjabis are religious by nature. Most of their festivals and fairs are connected with Urs at the
shrines of famous saints. People from all over the country gather at these shrines, sing devotional
songs called Qawalis and participate in the festivities of the fair. The famous Mela Chiraghan held
in Lahore every year is the Urs of saint Madho Lal Hussain. Hundreds of thousands of people
participate in the Urs of Hazrat Baba Farid Shakar Gunj at Pakpattan and that of Data Gunj Bakhsh
in Lahore.
Villagers get together in the Chopal where they discuss their daily problems, seek advice, and settle
some of their disputes without going to the courts. Usually they sit talking happily together just for
the pleasure of being together. Sometimes younger people sing 'Mahya' or the ever popular 'Heer!'
In a village wedding, the close relatives of the bride and groom come to stay many days before the
wedding and ceremonies continue even after the wedding. The whole village participates in the
function. Girls amuse themselves by dancing the Luddi in the house, and the men express their joy
by dancing the Bhangra.
In Balochistan, which is made up of vast barren lands and dry mountains, extreme weather makes
life quite difficult for the people. Even though large and small towns have developed, many people
still live a nomadic life. They keep shifting their homes. In winter, they come down from the
mountains and in summer go back to their homes in the hills.
In extreme cold weather, they place a Sandly (a local coal stove) with a little burning coal in the
middle of the room. It is kept under a table and a large quilt or a blanket is spread over the table.
All the members of the family get under the quilt or the blanket to keep themselves warm.
The Balochis lead a simple life. They spread a blanket on the floor, place the food in the middle
and sit around it to have their meals. They usually sit and sleep on the floor and entertain their
guests in the same way. Well-to-do families use carpets instead of blankets.
The rocky area is mostly barren and water is hard to get. Women have to carry water from long
distances. The women of Balochistan wear most of their jewellery all the time. The traditional
jewellery of Balochistan is beautifully designed.
The Balochi wedding ceremonies are performed amidst songs and laughter with men and women
dancing to the lively beat of drums. The groom feasts his own and the bride's guests. The food is
brought along with the Baraat.

The civilization of Sindh, (the Valley of Mehran) is one of the oldest in the world. The ancient city
of Moen-jo-daro dates back to 2500 B.C. and its ruins speak of the highly developed society that
existed there about 5,000 years ago.
Most festivals in Sindh, as in the Punjab, are of a religious nature. Devotees from all over Pakistan
come to the Urs of mystic poets and saints like Shahbaz Qalander and Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai. Many
folksongs are sung to their memory.
The folk-music of Sindh is very sweet and melodious. The 'Ek-Tara' is a popular one stringed
instrument used in Sindh from ancient times. The 'Alghoza’ is another instrument typical of this
region.
The Sindhi embroidery is admired all over Pakistan as well as in foreign countries. The dresses of
both men and women are colourfully embroidered in silk thread. Even for their usually daily wear,
most women wear dresses embroidered heavily in thread, beads and mirror. Mirror-work is also
done on purses and cushions.
Some of the customs of Pakistan come from the age old social traditions of land, and some from
religious background. But no matter what their origin, these colourful and interesting customs add
charm to the life of the people of the various regions of Pakistan.

Q.1 What sort of people are the Pathans and food of what kind do they like?
Ans. Pathans are enthusiastic warriors and extremities of weather and climate have made them
physically very strong. They are famous for their hospitality and men power is taken as their
pride in the community. Roast Mutton and spicy tongue are specially like by them.
Q.2 How and why does a tribes man announce the birth of a son?
Ans. A tribes man fires with the rifle to make the birth of son known publicly. He does so because
the birth of son is regarded a blessing for them. Men power is taken as their pride in the
community.
Q.3 Why is the Punjab called the seat of learning?
Ans. The Punjab is called the seat of learning because centuries ago, many educational,
institutions flourished in this region and their import is still continue in the form of schools,
colleges and universities. Taxila University, flourished two thousand and five hundred years ago
gives a healthy proof that Punjab has always been a seat of learning.
Q.4 Where do the Punjabi farmers sit in the evening?
Ans. The Punjabi farmers sit in Chopals in the evening. They discuss about the weather and crops
and also solve their disputes. They also enjoy songs and dances i.e. chopals gathering provides
them recreation.

Q.5 What is the result of extreme weather on the lives of Balochis? Why Balochies lead simple
nomadic life?
Ans. The extremities of weather unable the Balochis to lead their lives in just one place. They
move from place to place in order to escape from the calamities of season. Their daily life is badly
effected by weather.
Q.6 Describe a Balochi wedding?
Ans. A Balochi wedding ceremony is to be very joyous and jubilant which provides a joy to the
guest. Men and women dance to the lively beat of drums which is considered to be the main
heritage of the wedding. The groom feasts his own and bride’s guests.
Q.7 How old is the civilization of valley of Mehran and name the university existed that time?
Ans. The Valley of Mehran is one of the ancient civilization of the world which had life in 2500
B.C. It’s ancient city Moen-jo-Daro’s ruins speak of the highly developed society that existed
there about 5000 years ago. The University of Taxila existed that time.
Q.8 Who are the famous saints of Sindh?
Ans. Lal Shahbaz Qalander and Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai are the famous saints of Sindh. These
mystic poets and saints preached the message of Allah in a very convincing way. Their poetry is
an important aspect of our culture.
Q.9 What are the famous crafts of Sindh?
Ans. Most of the crafts of Sindh emerged from the embroidery which is praised all over the
country as well as in foreign countries. These handicrafts include dresses embroided with silk
thread, beads and mirror. Mirror work is also done on purses and cushions.
Q.10 How are the marriages arranged and wedding ceremonies performed among Pathans?
Ans. The Pathans believe in arranged marriages which are done by their elders. Wedding
ceremonies are celebrated with great vehemence in which guests make rhythmical movement to
the beats of drum.
Q.11 Why is the Punjab called “Heart of Pakistan”?
Ans. Quaid-e-Azam declared Punjab as “Heart of Pakistan” because of its geographical and
knowledge importance. It is a land of five rivers and seat of learning. The religious glimpse in the
region is cleared from the fact that shrines of saints and holy men the living glory of Pakistan.
Q.12 What is an Urs and how it is celebrated?
Ans. Urs is the death or birth anniversary of mystic poets which is celebrated in a religious
manner. People gather at the shrines and sing devotional songs. They attend the fairs connected
with these urs.
Q.13 What is the importance of culture?
Ans. This lesson emphasizes upon the importane of culture for any nation. For any civilization
called cultured is an important thing. As it is said that “A person without a heritage is just like a
fiddler sitting on an inclined roof.”

Q.14 What is sandy and where it is used?
Ans. Sandy is sort of coal store which is used in extreme cold weather. Sandy with a little burning
coal in the middle of the room which provide heat to the people. This instrument is common in
Baluchistan.
‘Q.15 Write the main theme of this lesson?
Ans. This lesson tells us the fact that Pakistan is very rich in diversities of custom. It shows us that
how people of different regions of our country lead their lives in connection with their customs.
This cultural legacy is the basic identity of Pakistan.
Q.16 What do you know about Pakistani culture?
Ans. Pakistani culture comprises of different colourful customs which include religious festivals,
lively marriage celebrations, arts and handicrafts. Pakistani culture is also embroided with the
thread of simplicity and hospitality. This collective manifestation of customs and traditions
mostly emerged from history which re the basic identity of Pakistan.
THE MAN WHO WINS

Anonymous
If you think you are beaten you are.
If you think you dare not, you don't,
If you like to win, but you think you can't,
It is almost certain you won't.
If you think you'll lose, you're lost.
For out in the world we find
Success begins with a fellow's will
It's all in the state of mind.
If you think you are outclassed, you are.
You've got to think high to rise,

You've got to be sure of yourself before
You can ever win a prize.
"Life's battles don't always go
To the stronger or faster man.
But soon or late the man who wins
Is the man WHO THINKS HE CAN!”
SUMMARY
This poem emphasizes upon the importance of good thoughts and will power. It is written by an
anonymous poet.
It is rightly said that man who thinks can win. Conversely, if your thinking is pasimistic and less
practical than it will give negative impression on your deeds. If you want to do something but
your thinking is negative, than you will left behind in the race of life.
Our way of actions, way of efficiency depends on the thinking. We always find this rule every
where. According to the poet the germs of a personality are the power to get rid of any kind of
complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence.
Life is a kind of war. You have to fight every time while you are living your life. A man with strong
will and good thoughts can win over this battle. Strengths of mind and integrity of thoughts are
keys of success.
“One can never achieve anything lasting in this world by being irresolute.”
CENTRAL IDEA
Though the poet for this poem is anonymous but it breathes out the moral that we should
produce in us a strong will power, self-confidence and positive attitude towards life. Once we
decides upon an objective and has the will to do something suiting our natural aptitude and use
our energies in attaining it, we can work wonders and will surely achieve it.

Q.1 What according to the poet qualities needed by a person to get success in life?
Ans. The poet has given a good description of the gems of a perfect personality. Power to
overcome any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence
are the basic pillars of success. By these qualities men can struggle with the resistance of life.
Q.2 What are the results according to the poet brought by high thoughts?
Ans. The poet has explained the advantages of high thoughts in a very convincing way that
widening of thoughts provides spiritual power to us. Strength of mind and integrity of thoughts
are the real rewards of high thoughts. If a person thinks high he can win over the battle of life.
Q.3 What is the message of the poem “The Man who Wins”?
Ans. The poem “The Man Who Wins” discloses the secret of success in life by telling the
importance of good, thoughts and will power. Power to overcome any kind of complexes,
widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence are the gems of perfect personality.
By thinking high a man can winover the battle of life.

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ALI,S ONLINE UPDATE

SECONDARY STAGE FOR CLASS X

AUTHOR: RAZA ALI CHANDIO

ALI,S ONLINE UPDATE CENTRE

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 2

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 3

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 4

I Sought to hear the voice of God,

And climbed the topmost steeple,

But God declared: “Go down again,

I dwell among the people.”

(QUESTIONS & ANSWERS)

Q.2: Why did author climb the steeple?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 5

(FILL IN THE BLANKS)

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 6

And climbed the topmost steeple,

But God declared: “Go down again,

I dwell among the people.”

1. Name the poem & the poet/poetess?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 7

“What is the dispute?” asked the Caliph.

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 8

(THE CALIPH`S DECISION TO RESOLVE THE CASE BETWEEN THE TWO

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 9

Q.3: What did the Qazi say to the Caliph?

Q.5: What did the rich man tell the Caliph?

Q.6: What did the beggar tell the Caliph?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 10

Q.10: What did the Caliph say to the beggar? (2014)

Q.11: What did the rich man do to the beggar?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 11

(FILL IN THE BLANKS)

1. Name the lesson & the speaker?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 12

1. Name the lesson & the speaker?

1. Name the lesson & the speaker?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 13

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 14

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 15

(QUESTIONS & ANSWERS)

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 16

Q.9 Which by-products are obtained from fish?

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 17

(FILL IN THE BLANKS)

1.Akhund 2.Khandan 3.Hearts 4.Read 5.The best 6.Read 7.Teacher 8.Profession

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 18

Little drops of water,

Little grains of sand,

Make the mighty ocean

And the pleasant land.

Little deeds of kindness,

Little words of love,

Make our world an Eden

Like the Heav'n above.

(QUESTIONS & ANSWERS)

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 19

Q.2 What do you know about the julia Carney?

Q.3 What Is “Eden”?

Q.4 How can we make our world an Eden?

Q.5 What is importence of little things?

(FILL IN THE BLANKS)

Author: Raza Ali Alis Online Update & Information Technology 20

1.Julia carney 2.American 3.Deeds 4.Eden 5.Mighty 6.Water 7.Sand 8.Garden of