QUESTION BANK
Regulation : 2017
Prepared by
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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203
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15. Outline the concept of bit reversal in FFT? BTL2 Understanding
16. How many stages of decimations are required in the case of a 64point BTL3 Applying
radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm?
17. Estimate the number of multiplications required in the computation BTL6 Creating
of 8-point DFT using FFT.
18. Point out the usage of in-place computation in FFT? BTL1 Remembering
19. Draw the basic butterfly diagram of radix-2 DIT FFT. BTL2 Understanding
20. Write the applications of FFT algorithm. BTL1 Remembering
PART - B
Summarize the following properties of DFT: Periodicity, Conjugation,
1. BTL2 Understanding
Circular frequency shifting & Multiplication. (13)
6. (i) Analyze the inverse DFT of 𝑋(𝐾 ) = {1,2,3,4} (7) BTL4 Analyzing
(ii) Compare overlap add and overlap save method. (6)
(i) Develop the steps for radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm. (7)
7. (ii) Solve the 8-point of a given sequence 𝑥 (𝑛) = 𝑛 + 1 using DIT- BTL3 Applying
FFT algorithm. (6)
(i) Describe the steps for radix-2 DIF FFT algorithm. (7)
8. (ii) Find the 8-point of a given sequence 𝑥 (𝑛) = {1,2,2,1,1,2,2,1} BTL1 Remembering
using DIF-FFT algorithm. (6)
(i) Show that FFT algorithm helps in reducing the number of
9. computations involved in DFT computation. (7) BTL1 Remembering
(ii) Discuss about overlap add method for convolution. (6)
10. Examine the 8-point DFT of the sequence 𝑥 (𝑛) = BTL4 Analyzing
{2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1} using decimation in time FFT algorithm. (13)
{ }
11. Estimate the DFT for the sequence 1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1 using Radix-2 BTL5 Evaluating
Decimation in Frequency algorithm. (13)
Calculate IDFT of the sequence X(K) = {7, −0.707 −
12. j0.707, −j, 0.707 − 0.707,1,0.707 + j0.707, j, −0.707 + BTL4 Analyzing
j0.707 using DIT algorithm. (13)
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Apply DIT algorithm to compute DFT of the given sequence. 𝑥 (𝑛) =
13. BTL3 Applying
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}. (13)
𝑛𝜋
Compute the DFT of the sequence 𝑥 (𝑛) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 where 𝑁 = 4 using BTL1 Remembering
14. 2
DIF FFT algorithm. (13)
PART - C
Evaluate the 8 point for the given sequence using DIT FFT algorithm
2. BTL5 Evaluating
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 −3≤𝑛 ≤3
𝑥 (𝑛) = { (15)
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1,1,1,0,0,0,2,2
3. Estimate the DFT of the sequence 𝑥 (𝑛) = { } (15) BTL5 Evaluating
↑
5. Mention the requirements for the digital filter to be stable and BTL 1 Remembering
causal.
6. Justify why impulse invariant method is not preferred in the design BTL 5 Evaluating
of IIR filter other than LPF?
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7. Write the properties of Butterworth filter. BTL 1 Remembering
8. Compare Butterworth with Chebyshev filters. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Outline the steps in design of a digital filter from analog filters. BTL 2 Understanding
10. Identify the expression for location of poles of normalized BTL 3 Applying
Butterworth filter.
11. Discuss the need for prewarping. BTL 1 Remembering
1
Convert the given analog transfer function 𝐻(𝑠 ) = 𝑠+𝑎 into digital BTL 6 Creating
12.
by impulse invariant method.
Use the backward difference for the derivative to convert analog BTL 3 Applying
13. 1
LPF with system function (𝑠 ) = .
𝑆+2
14. Justify why the Butterworth response is called a maximally flat BTL 4 Analyzing
response.
15. Distinguish between recursive and non-recursive realization. BTL 4 Analyzing
16. Sketch the frequency response of an odd and even order Chebyshev BTL 5 Evaluating
low pass filters.
1
Compute 𝐻(𝑧) for the IIR filter whose 𝐻(𝑠 ) = with 𝑇 = 0.1𝑠𝑒𝑐 BTL 6 Creating
17. 𝑠+6
using Bilinear transformation.
18. Mention the advantages of cascade realization. BTL 2 Understanding
19. Develop the Direct Form II representation of a Second order IIR BTL 3 Applying
system.
20. What is the advantage of direct form II realization when compared BTL 1 Remembering
to direct form I realization?
PART - B
Given the specification ∝𝑝 = 3𝑑𝐵; ∝ 𝑠= 16𝑑𝐵; 𝑓𝑝 = 1𝐾𝐻𝑧; 𝑓𝑠 =
1 BTL3 Applying
2𝐾𝐻𝑧. Solve for H(s) using Chebyshev approximation. (13)
5 Enumerate the steps for IIR filter design by impulse invariance with BTL1 Remembering
example. (13)
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6 Analyze the design of discrete time IIR filter from analog filter. (13) BTL4 Analyzing
Part C
Design a third order Butterworth digital filter using impulse invariant BTL 6 Creating
1. technique. Assume the sampling period 𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐 (15)
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For the given specifications, design an Chebyshev digital filter using BTL 5 Evaluating
impulse invariance transformation.
2.
0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.25𝜋
|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.24 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0.5𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋 (15)
9. Classify the types of impulse response for linear phase FIR filters? BTL 4 Analyzing
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10. Define Gibbs phenomenon. BTL 1 Remembering
Summarize the need for employing window technique for FIR filter BTL 2 Understanding
11.
design?
12. Label the desirable characteristics of FIR filter using windows. BTL 1 Remembering
13. Sketch the frequency response of N-point rectangular windows. BTL 3 Applying
14. Compare Hamming and Hanning window. BTL 5 Evaluating
Analyze the mathematical problem involved in the design of window BTL 4 Analyzing
15.
function?
16. List the desirable characteristics of Kaiser window spectrum. BTL 1 Remembering
17. Elaborate the errors arise due to quantization of numbers. BTL 6 Creating
18. Name the different types of number representation. BTL 1 Remembering
19. What did you infer from limit cycle oscillations? BTL 2 Understanding
20. Explain the noise power spectrum. BTL 5 Evaluating
PART - B
Evaluate the direct form I & II structure of the system function BTL 5 Evaluating
1.
𝐻 (𝑧 ) = 1 + 2𝑧 −1 − 3𝑧 −2 + 4𝑧 −3 + 5𝑧 −4 (13)
Realize a direct form and linear phase FIR structures with the
following impulse response. Which is the best realization and why?
2. 1 1 1 BTL 6 Creating
ℎ(𝑛) = 𝛿 (𝑛) + 𝛿 (𝑛 − 1) − 𝛿(𝑛 − 2) + 𝛿 (𝑛 − 3) + 𝛿(𝑛 − 4).
3 4 3
(13)
1 1
(i) Consider an FIR lattice filter with coefficients 𝑘1 = ; 𝑘2 = ;
2 3
1
𝑘3 = 4 . Find the FIR filter coefficients for the direct form structure.
3. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) An FIR filter is given by the difference equation 𝑦 (𝑛) = 2𝑥 (𝑛) +
4 3 2
𝑥 (𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥 (𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥 (𝑛 − 3). Draw its lattice form. (6)
5 2 3
Show that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample response
4. satisfies the condition ℎ(𝑛) = ℎ(𝑁 − 1 − 𝑛). Also discuss symmetric BTL 1 Remembering
and antisymmetric case of FIR filter when 𝑁 is even. (13)
Design an ideal low pass filter with a frequency response
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ≤ 𝜔 ≤
5. 𝐻𝑑(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) = { 2 2 BTL 4 Analyzing
𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
2
Find the values of ℎ(𝑛) for 𝑁 = 11. Find 𝐻(𝑧 ). (13)
Using a rectangular window technique, Illustrate a low pass filter
with pass band gain of unity, cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz and BTL 2 Understanding
6.
working at a sampling frequency of 5 KHz. The length of the impulse
response should be 7. (13)
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By Choosing N = 7,design a filter with
𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗3𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
7. 𝐻𝑑 (𝜔 ) = { 4 BTL 1 Remembering
𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
4
Using Hamming window. (13)
(i) A band reject filter of length 7 is required it is to have lower and
upper cut off frequencies of 3kHz and 5 kHz respectively. The
sampling frequency is 20 kHz. Discover the filter coefficient using BTL 4 Analyzing
8.
hanning window. (11)
(ii) Inspect the frequency domain characteristics for Rectangular and
Hanning Window. (2)
(i) How to design a FIR band stop filter to reject frequencies in the
range 1.2 to 1.8 rad/sec using hamming window, with length 𝑁 = 6.
9. (10) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Label the linear phase structure of the above band stop FIR filter.
(3)
10. Develop the procedure of designing FIR filters by windows. (13) BTL 3 Applying
Construct a low pass filter using frequency sampling method with the
11. following specifications; cut off frequency 𝜔𝐶 = 𝜋/4 and N=15 and BTL 3 Applying
plot the magnitude response. (13)
Demonstrate the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length
𝑀 = 15 which has a symmetric unit sample response and a
frequency response that satisfies the conditions.
12. 1 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3,4 BTL 2 Understanding
2𝜋𝑘
𝐻𝑟 ( ) = { 0.4 𝑘=5}
15 0 𝑘 = 6,7
(13)
Examine the design procedure of FIR filter using frequency sampling BTL 4 Analyzing
13.
method. (13)
14. Explain about the limit cycle oscillations in detail. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
PART - C
(i) Realize the linear phase FIR filter with the following impulse
1 1
response ℎ (𝑛) = 𝛿 (𝑛) + 2 𝛿 (𝑛 − 1) + 𝛿 (𝑛 − 4) − 4 𝛿 (𝑛 − 2) +
1
1. 𝛿 (𝑛 − 3). (7) BTL 5 Evaluating
2
(ii) Explain the steps involved by the general process of designing a
digital filter. (4)
(iii) Justify the advantages of FIR filters. (4)
Prove that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample response
2. satisfies the condition ℎ(𝑛) = ℎ(𝑁 − 1 − 𝑛). Also discuss symmetric BTL 5 Evaluating
and antisymmetric case of FIR filter when N is odd. (15)
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Develop an ideal high pass filter using hanning window with a
frequency response
𝜋
3. 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋 BTL 6 Creating
𝐻𝑑 (𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) = { 4
𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝜔| ≤
4
Assume 𝑁 = 11. (15)
Design a FIR filter approximating the ideal frequency response
𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
4. 𝐻𝑑(𝜔 ) = { 6 BTL 6 Creating
𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
6
(15)
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15. Explain limit cycles. BTL2 Understanding
16. Illustrate zero input limit cycle oscillation. BTL3 Applying
17. State about the dead band of a filter. BTL1 Remembering
18. Compute the method to eliminate overflow limit cycles. BTL3 Applying
19. What do you infer from signal scaling? BTL2 Understanding
20. Discuss about the saturation arithmetic. BTL1 Remembering
PART - B
(i) Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect
to the system described by the equation 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.95𝑦(𝑛 − 1) +
1. BTL2 Understanding
𝑥 (𝑛). Estimate the dead band of the filter. (Assume sign
magnitude is 5 bit). (7)
(ii) Illustrate Zero input limit cycle oscillation. (6)
(i) Describe in detail about finite word length effects in digital
filters. (6)
(ii) Determine the variance of the round of noise power at the output
2. BTL1 Remembering
of cascade realization of the filter is as described by the transfer
function 𝐻(𝑧 ) = 𝐻1 (𝑧 ) 𝐻2 (𝑧).Where
1 1
𝐻1 (𝑧) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻2 (𝑧) = . (7)
1−0.5𝑧 −1 1−0.25𝑧 −1
Derive the steady state output noise power and find the steady state
3. variance of the noise in the output due to quantization of input for the BTL6 Creating
first order filter 𝑦 (𝑛) = 𝑎 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛) (13)
4. Summarize the need for scaling and derive the scaling factor for a BTL2 Understanding
second order IIR filter. (13)
(i)Explain in detail the input quantization error and coefficient
quantization error and its effect on digital filter design, with an
5. example. (6) BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Illustrate quantization noise. Summarize the expression for
quantization noise power at the output ADC. (7)
Analyze the behavior of limit cycle oscillation with respect to the
system described by the following equation𝑦 (𝑛) = 0.87 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) +
6. 𝑥(𝑛). Determine the dead band of the system when 𝑥 (𝑛) = 0 and BTL4 Analyzing
𝑦(−1) = 0.61. Assume that the product is quantized to 4 bits by
rounding. (13)
(i) Compute the equation for steady state input noise power and steady
7. state output noise power (or) quantization noise power. (10) BTL3 Applying
(ii) Solve for the effect of signal scaling on SNR. (3)
8. BTL5 Evaluating
(i)Deduct the errors during resulting from truncation and rounding.
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(10)
(ii)Explain the various formats of the fixed point representation of
binary numbers. (3)
For the second order IIR filter, the system function is,
1
9. 𝐻(𝑍) = BTL1 Remembering
(1 − 0.5𝑧 −1 )(1 − 0.45𝑧 −1)
Examine the effect of shift in pole location with 3 bit coefficient
representation in direct and cascade forms. (13)
The input to the system 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.999𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛) is applied to
10. BTL4 Analyzing
an ADC. Calculate the power produced by the quantization noise at
the output of the filter if the input is quantized to 8 & 16 bits. (13)
11. Describe Limit Cycle oscillation. (13) BTL1 Remembering
(i) Order the following numbers in floating point format with five bits
for mantissa and three bits for exponent.
12. (a) 710 (4) BTL4 Analyzing
(b)0.2510 (3)
(ii) Compare fixed and floating point representation. (6)
𝑧
An IIR causal filter has the system function 𝐻 (𝑧 ) = .Assume
𝑧−0.97
that the input signal is zero valued and the computed output signal BTL3 Applying
13. values are rounded to one decimal place. Show that under those stated
conditions, the filter output exhibits dead band effect. What is the dead
band range? (13)
14. Describe the quantization process and errors introduced due to BTL1 Remembering
quantization (13)
PART –C
The output of an A/D converter is applied to a digital filter with the
0.5z
1. system function; H(z) = . Formulate the output noise power BTL6 Creating
z−0.5
from the digital filter when the input signal is quantized to have 8
bits. (15)
Develop the output round off noise power for the system having
1 BTL5 Evaluating
2. transfer function 𝐻(𝑧 ) = (1−0.5𝑧−1 )(1+0.4𝑧 −1 ) Which is realized in
cascade form? Assume the word length is 4 bits. (15)
Find effect of coefficient quantization on pole locations of the second
order IIR system realised in Direct Form I and in Cascade. Assume
word length of 4 bits through truncation. The transfer function of the
3. realization is given as follows. BTL5 Evaluating
1
Direct Form I 𝐻(𝑧) =
1−0.9𝑧 −1 +0.2𝑧 −2
1
Cascade form 𝐻(𝑧) = (15)
(1−0.5𝑧 −1 ) (1−0.4𝑧 −1 )
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Consider the transfer function where 𝐻 (𝑧 ) = 𝐻1 (𝑧 ) 𝐻2(𝑧 )
Let 𝐻 (𝑧 ) = 𝐻1 (𝑧 ) 𝐻2(𝑧 ) i.e.,
1 1 BTL6 Creating
4. H1 (z) = and H2 (z) =
1−0.5z−1 1−0.4z−1
Produce the output round off noise power. Assume b = 3. (excluding
Sign Bit) (15)
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