Drawing Gearbox

By Using AutoCAD

By
-Araz Adam
-Sultan Adnan
-Xatin louqman
- Yousif loqman
- Mohammed Amin

UNIVERSITY OF ZAKHO
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

Apri2019
INTRODUCTION
Gearboxes are essential devices found everywhere in industrial
manufacturing facilities, providing even distribution of power and
torque wherever needed to fuel manufacturing productivity and
profits. Despite how ubiquitous gearboxes may be, it’s easy to
overlook their repair needs. Forgoing routine maintenance on any
gearbox could spell disaster for the entire production system. In
order to keep everything running smoothly, be sure to take the time
to perform basic upkeep and repairs on gearboxes to get the most
out of their lifespan.
What is a Gearbox?
A gearbox is a mechanical device utilized to increase the output
torque or change the speed (RPM) of a motor. The motor's shaft is
attached to one end of the gearbox and through the internal
configuration of gears of a gearbox, provides a given output torque
and speed determined by the gear ratio.
Types of Gearboxes

There are many types of gearboxes manufactured throughout the

world. One of the main differences between individual gearboxes
is their performance characteristics. Choosing from the various
gearbox types is application dependent. Gearboxes are available in
many sizes, ratios, efficiencies and backlash characteristics. All of
these design factors will affect the performance and cost of the
gearbox. There are several types of gearboxes which are listed
below:

 Bevel Gearbox
 Helical Gearbox
 Spur Gearbox
 Worm Gearbox
 Planetary Gearbox

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-In this example we used and drawing these things…
 Washer
 Retaining Ring
 Key
 Ball Bearing
 Gear
 Shaft
 Nut

-Washer
washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped) with a hole (typically
in the middle) that is normally used to distribute the load of
a threaded fastener, such as a bolt or nut. Other uses are as a
spacer, spring (Belleville washer, wave washer), wear
pad, preloadindicating device, locking device, and
to reduce vibration (rubber washer). Washers often
have an outer diameter (OD) about twice their inner
diameter (ID), but this can vary quite widely.
Washers are usually metal or plastic. High-
quality bolted joints require hardened steel washers
to prevent the loss of pre-load due to Brinelling after
the torque is applied.

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 -Washer M30

Retaining Ring
A retaining ring is a fastener that holds
components or assemblies onto a shaft or in
a housing/bore when installed - typically in
a groove - for one time use only. Once
installed, the exposed portion acts as a
shoulder which retains the specific
component or assembly. Circlips are a type
of retaining ring.
Circular push-on retaining rings may be installed in applications
where there is no groove.
Retaining rings are typically made from carbon steel, stainless
steel or beryllium copper and may feature a variety of finishes for
aesthetics and corrosion protection depending on the type of
environment in which they are used

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Keys
As we said above Key is a part of a
machine or equipment where it is used to
connect the rotating machine
element(Hub/Pulley) to the shaft and
enables the torque transmission. The key
will have a provision in both the shaft and the machine element
which needed to be connected. this is called Keyway.

These keys are temporary fastening elements and are subject to the
crushing and the shearing stress.

There are different types of the keys available.

Different types of Keys in Machine Design

Based on the shape and key accommodation, following are the
different types of keys in machine design.

1. Sunk Keys
2. Saddle Keys
3. Tangent Keys
4. Round Keys
5. Splines

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1. Sunk Keys
When a key is provided with the half portion in the
shaft and the other half portion in the hub, then the
key is known as the Sunk Key.

There are different varieties in the sunk key itself.

 Rectangular Sunk key

 Square Sunk Key
 Parallel Sunk Key
 Gib Headed Sunk Key
 Feather Sunk Key

i) Rectangular Sunk key

The rectangular sunk key is nothing but having the
rectangular cross-section (Width w, Height h)

The size of the key will be based on the

diameter(d) of the shaft (Or the diameter of the
Bore in the hub).

w = d/4

h = (2w)/3 or d/6

See the picture of how the rectangular sunk key in an actual

position.

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ii) Square Sunk Key
The Square sunk key is nothing but having
the Square cross-section (Width w,
Height h will be equal)

In this case, the w = h = d/4.

See the picture of how the Square sunk key

in an actual position.

iii) Parallel Sunk Key

Parallel Sunk Key
When a square sunk key or the
rectangular sunk key having the
uniform cross-section without
any taper then it can be called
as The parallel sunk key. But in
the above mentioned
the Square sunk key or the
Rectangular sunk key they will be having the taper along the
length of the key.

See the Picture of how the Parallel sunk key in an actual position.

iv) Gib Head Key

Gib-Head Key
Simply a rectangular sunk key with a
head to facilitate the easy removal is
known as the Gib-headed key. as
simple as that.

See the Picture of how the Gib-Head key in an actual position.

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v) Feather Sunk Key
A feather key is a parallel key which is fastened to one
part(Hub/shaft) with help of the screws called the feather key.
Sometimes a double gib-head key can be a fether key by locking it
the one part(hub/shaft). As you can see in the below pictures.

See the above both Pictures how the Feather key in an actual
position. The left one is locked with the setscrews, Right one is
locked with the help of the double Gib-Head Key.

vi) Woodruff Key

Woodruff Key
The woodruff key is in a piece from the cylindrical disc as shown
in the Figure, and its main advantage is that it can be adjustable,
tilt in the keyway or keyseat.

See the Picture of how the Woodruff key in an actual position.

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2. Saddle Keys
These type of keys are rarely used because these cannot transmit
the high torque. Saddle won’t have the provision in the shaft,
instead, it holds the shaft by friction. Saddle key has two variants

 Flat saddle key

 Hallow saddle Key

i) Flat saddle key

Flat saddle key

A flat saddle key is taper key and having a provision in the hub
only and will be floated on the shaft and hold the shaft by means of
the friction. so it can be used for light loads. It used for temporary
fastening only.

ii) Hallow saddle Key

Hallow saddle Key

A Hallow saddle key is also a taper key here also it will have the
provision in the hub only, but the contact portion of the key with
the shat will be shaped into a curvature to get the full grip on the
shaft for better friction.

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3. Tangent Keys

Tangent Keys
Tangent keys are used in heavy-duty equipment. Tangent keys are
actually a pair. These pair of keys are placed right angles to each
other and tangent to the surface of the shaft as shown in the fig.
each key will withstand the torsion in one direction only.

4. Round Keys

Round keys are circular in section and fit into the holes. The round
keys will be placed half portion hole in the shaft and the other half

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portion hole in the hub as shown in the fig. These type of shaft
keys are usually prepared for the low power drives.

5. Splines

Splines
All the above-mentioned keys are individual parts. what happens
when the keys are integral parts of the shaft or hub. That what we
called as the Splined shafts.

These are used in the special applications like where we have to

transmit the torque larger in portion than the shaft size. you can see
these spline shafts in an automobile transmission, sliding gear
transmissions.

or

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-Ball Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that constrains
relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design
of the bearing may, for example, provide for
free linear movement of the moving part or for
free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it
may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal
forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the
desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified
broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or
to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts
.

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-In this example we used a Ball Bearing6208 and Ball
Bearing6210

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-Gears
A gear is a kind of machine element in which teeth are cut around
cylindrical or cone shaped surfaces with equal spacing. By
meshing a pair of these elements, they are used to
transmit rotations and forces from the driving
shaft to the driven shaft. Gears can be classified
by shape as involute, cycloidal and trochoidal
gears. Also, they can be classified by shaft
positions as parallel shaft gears, intersecting shaft
gears, and non-parallel and non-intersecting shaft
gears. The history of gears is old and the use of
gears already appears in ancient Greece in B.C. in
the writing of Archimedes.

Type:

)1 Spur Gears
)2 Rack&Pinion
)3 Helical Gears
) 4 Herringbone
) 5 Bevel Gears
In examlpe we used a spurGear.

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-In this model all size and types of sectors are known:

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