Perhitungan
Perhitungan
Reaksi I (Hidrolisis)
CAO = FAO/FV
CAO = 0.0067254259 Kgmol/m3
Kondisi operasi
T = 90 0C = 194 0F = 363 0K
P = 2 atm
t = 1 jam = 60 mnt
Konversi 90%
( Kirk & Othmer, 3 , vol 1, page 276)
ed
(-rA) = k .CAO2.(1- XA).(M - XA)
Dengan M = CB0
CAO
K = 0.0223 lt
gml.mnt
○ Dimensi Reaktor
Bentuk reaktor dipilih silinder tegak dengan torispherical roof & bottom (Brownell & Young)
Dt Zl Zi (Brown, 507)
=3 =2. 7−3 . 9 =0 .75−1 .3
Di Di Di
diambil dengan Zl Zi
=3 .5 =1
Di Di
Dt 1
=3 Di= Dt
Di 3
Dt = 1
=3 Di= Dt
Di 3
Zl = Zl=3 .5 Di
3.5
Di
Maka V = π .Dt2.Zl
4
¤ Menghitung diameter reaktor
Dt = 2.315 m
Zl =3 .5 Di
1
Zl =3 .5
3 ()
Di
Zl=1. 66 Dt
Zl = 2.69929 m
1
Di= Dt
3
Di = 0.771666667 m = 2.531684
Zi= Di
Zi = 0.771666667 m
Vr = π .Dt2.Zr
4
Zr = 3.373813633 m
Berdasarkan pemakaian turbin dengan 6 flate blade, maka baffle yang dipakai 4 buah (Brown, 507)
W h=0 .2 Di L=0 . 25 Di
=0 .17
Di
¤ Menghitung lebar baffle
W=0. 17 Di
W = 0.131183333 m
h=0 .2 Di
h = 0.154333333 m
L=0 . 25 D
L = 0.192916667 m
C = 0.125
f = 18300
E = 0.8
P = P operasi + P hidrostatik - P udara luar
P hidrostatik = ρ cairan.g.Zl
ρ cairan =
= 1202.232149 kg/m3
t = 0.194191589 in
Untuk range 15 - 200 Psi dipakai tutup reaktor berbentuk torispherical dished head (Brownell & Young, 88)
ID=Dt
ID = 91.14155 in = 2.31499537
OD=ID+2 t
OD = 91.52993318 in = 2.324864952
icr = 6 % OD = 5 7/8 in
r = 96 in
0 . 885 Pr
t=
fE−0 . 1 P
t = 0.247375898 in
Dari tabel Brownell & young 5.8 untuk t = 1/4 maka straight flange(sf) adalah
1 1 sf =2
sf =1 −2
2 4
ID
a=
2
a = 45.570775 in
AB=a−cr
AB = 39.695775 in
AC= √(BC )2 ( AB )2
AC = 80.91205764 in
b=r− AC
b = 15.08794236 in
BC =r−cr
BC = 90.125 in
OA=t+ b+sf
OA = 17.33494236 in
2
Vh=0 . 000049( ID )3 + ( )( )
Π ( ID ) sf
4 144 12
Vh = 0.00072965 m3
Π
Vt= ( ID )2 Zr +volume 2 head
4
Vt = 14.19500822 m3
Vs=V −Volumesebuahhead
Vs = 11.35415491 m3
maka
4 . Vs
Zls=
Π ( ID )2
Zls = 2.698888264 m
= 106.2554435 in
μ campuran = 0.6164498108 Cp
= 1.4912537374 lb/ft.jam
=
2
WELH π DiN
¤ Kecepatan putar pengaduk =
2 Di
= (
600 ) (Rase, 345)
WELH=Zl. Sg
Zl = 123.8433858 in
= 3.145628291 m
ρ cairan
Sg=
ρ air
Sg = 1.058378428
WELH = 3.329265128 m
= 131.0731681 in
WELH
∑ turbin= ID
Σ tubin = 1.438127485
1 = 82.541167407
600 WELH
N= ( )(
π Dt 2 Dt ) 2 = 0.8479762629
N = 69.99295067 rpm
= 1.166549178 rps
= 4199.57704 rph
P
Pactual=
Effesiensi
P actual = 4.22066413 HP
= 10636.07361 Watt
μ (Cp) xi/visc
0.34 0.87301113
3.3 0.16626396
0.21 0.477652773
0.25 0.020364615
0.34 0.012610143
0.62 0.072289457
5.06
H2 = CHCONH2.H2SO4
ft
in
Brownell & Young, 88)
m
Timmerhaus,521)
¤ Neraca Panas Reaktor
Masuk Keluar
0 0
90 C 90 C
ΔH 1 ΔH 2
ΔH 298
¤ Untuk Konversi 67%
Menghitung ΔH1 Berasal dari:
,
ΔH =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH' = -391860.24384 kkal/jam
,
ΔH =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH'' = -13651.953 kkal/jam
ΔH R = ΔH f Pr oduk− ΔH f Re ak tan
Komponen ΔHf (kkal/gmol)
Akrilonitril -15.07
Asam sulfat -193.69
Air -57.71
Akrilamid sulfat -277
0
ΔH 298= ΔH R . X A . F AO
ΔH0298 = -775129.02129 kkal/jam
ΔH 2 =∑ m i . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH2 = 783030.252082 kkal/jam
Maka ΔH adalah
ΔH =ΔH 1 + ΔH 298 + ΔH 2
ΔH = -428841.87654 kkal/jam
ΔH 1 =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH1 = -783030.25208 kkal/jam
ΔH R = ΔH f Pr oduk− ΔH f Re ak tan
Komponen ΔHf (kkal/gmol)
akrilonitril -15.07
Asam sulfat -193.69
Air -57.71
Akrilamit Sulfat -277
0
ΔH 298= ΔH R . X A . F AO
ΔH0298 = -316733.976 kkal/jam
ΔH 2 =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH2 = 69148.8493436 kkal/jam
Maka ΔH adalah
ΔH =ΔH 1 + ΔH 298 + ΔH 2
ΔH = -1030615.3787 kkal/jam
¤ Untuk Konversi 90%
Menghitung ΔH1 Berasal dari:
ΔH 1 =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH1 = -69148.849344 kkal/jam
ΔH R = ΔH f Pr oduk− ΔH f Re ak tan
Komponen ΔHf (kkal/gmol)
Komponen -15.07
Asam sulfat -193.69
Asam sulfat -57.71
Akrilamid sulfat -277
ΔH 0 298= ΔH R . X A . F AO
ΔH0298 = -58393.4832 kkal/jam
ΔH 2 =∑ mi . Cpi . ΔT
ΔH2 = 11936.334514 kkal/jam
Maka ΔH adalah
ΔH =ΔH 1 + ΔH 298 + ΔH 2
ΔH = -115605.99803 kkal/jam
0 0
T =90 C=194 F T =90 0 C=1940 F
T1
Sistem T2
Pendinginan t1
t2
(T 1 −t 2 )
0 0 0 0
Ln=
T =50 C=122 F T =30 C=86 F (T 2 −t 1 )
Untuk mengambil panas reaksi digunakan jaket pendingin dan sebagai media pendingin digunakan air
Q
M (air )=
Cp( air). ΔT
M (air) = 5780.2999 kg/jam = 212.3875 lb/mnt
M ( air )
V ( air )=
ρ(air )
V (air) = 5.7802999 m3/jam = 5780.3 lt/jam
V = 1.44507498 m3
♥ Menghitung hi
D 2 . N . ρ 23 Cp . μ 1 μ
hi . D i
K
=0. 36 i
μ ( .
K)( )( )
3.
μw
0 .14 (Kern, 718)
2
D 2.N . ρ
hi . D i
K
=0. 36 ( i
μ )( )( )
3
.
Cp . μ 13 μ
K
.
μw
0 .14
Dengan μ
μ=μ w , sehingga =1
μw
hi = 498.58 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
♥ Menghitung hio
ID
hio=hi ( ) OD
(Kern, 105)
Q = 115606 kkal/jam
= 458462.873 Btu/jam
Diambil UD = 100
Q (kern,107)
A=
(U D . ΔTm)
A = 50.9403192 ft2
¤ Cek harga UD
1 1
R D= −
U D UC
RD = 0.00598006 Jam ft2 0F/Btu
1
h D=
RD
hD = 167.222495
( U C . hD )
U D=
( U C +h D )
UD = 100 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Q = 6031.19773 ltr/jam
= 0.0591635 ft3/dtk
= 3.54980973 ft3/mnt
ρ = 27.12272 lb/ft3
μ = 0.31 Cp
= 0.00020832 lb/ft dtk
(Timmerhaus,496)
Diopt =3 . 9 . Q0. 45 . ρ0 .13
Diopt = 1.67811666 in = 0.139842 ft
Cek aliran
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 0.73466709
ρ
ρ = 1.36116074 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 0.61474584 Cp
Q = 14428.795 ltr/jam
0.14154037 ft3/dtk
= 8.4924221 ft3/mnt
ρ = 38.5208489 lb/ft3
μ = 0.61474584 Cp
= 0.00041311 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID = 2,7 in (Timmerhaus, 496)
Cek aliran
D.V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 71510.0143
= -0.4 F
0
in
ft2
¤ Perancangan Jacket Vessel RATB 2
0 0
T =90 C =194 F T =90 0 C=1940 F
T1
Sistem T2
Pendinginan t1
t2
(T 1 −t 2 )
0 0 0 0
Ln=
T =50 C=122 F T =30 C=86 F (T 2 −t 1 )
Untuk mengambil panas reaksi digunakan jaket pendingin dan sebagai media pendingin digunakan air
Q
M ( air )=
Cp( air ). ΔT
M (air) = 51530.769 kg/jam = 1893.412 lb/mnt
M ( air )
V ( air )=
ρ (air )
V (air) = 51.530769 m3/jam = 51530.77 lt/jam
V = 12.882692 m3
Dengan μ
μ=μ w , sehingga =1
μw
hi = 502 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
♥ Menghitung hio
ID
hio= hi ( ) OD
(Kern, 105)
Q = 1030615.4 kkal/jam
= 4087148.6 Btu/jam
Diambil UD = 250
Q (kern,107)
A=
( U D . Δ Tm )
A = 181.65105 ft2
¤ Cek harga UD
1 1
R D= −
U D UC
1 1
R D= −
U D UC
RD = 7.4436E-06 Jam ft2 0F/Btu
1
h D=
RD
hD = 134344.11
( U C . hD )
U D=
( U C +h D )
UD = 250 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Q = 53767.497 ltr/jam
= 0.5274364 ft3/dtk
= 31.646182 ft3/mnt
ρ = 27.12272 lb/ft3
μ = 0.31 Cp
= 0.0002083 lb/ft dtk
(Timmerhaus,496)
0. 45 0 .13
Diopt =3 . 9 . Q .ρ
Diopt = 4.4913248 in = 0.374273 ft
Cek aliran
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 0.7401028
ρ
ρ = 1.3511637 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 0.6069807 Cp
Q = 14535.552 ltr/jam
0.1425876 ft3/dtk
= 8.5552563 ft3/mnt
ρ = 38.237932 lb/ft3
μ = 0.6069807 Cp
= 0.0004079 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID = 2,7 in (Timmerhaus, 496)
0. 45 0 .13
Diopt =3 . 9 . Q .ρ
Cek aliran
D.V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 72595.895
= -0.4 F
0
in
ft2
¤ Perancangan Jacket Vessel RATB 1
0 0
T =90 C =194 F T =90 0 C=1940 F
Sistem
Pendinginan
(T 1 −t 2 )
0 0 0 0
Ln=
T =50 C=122 F T =30 C=86 F (T 2 −t 1 )
Untuk mengambil panas reaksi digunakan jaket pendingin dan sebagai media pendingin digunakan air
Q
M ( air )=
Cp( air ). ΔT
M (air) = 21442.09383 kg/jam = 787.854 lb/mnt
M ( air )
V ( air ) =
ρ (air )
V (air) = 21.44209383 m3/jam = 21442.094 lt/jam
V = 5.360523457 m3
♥ Menghitung hi
D 2 . N . ρ 23 Cp . μ 1 μ
hi . Di
K
=0. 36 i (μ
.
K)( )( )
3.
μw
0 .14 (Kern, 718)
2
D 2.N . ρ
hi . Di
K
=0. 36 ( i
μ )( )( )
3
.
Cp . μ 13 μ
K
.
μw
0 .14
Dengan μ
μ=μ w , sehingga =1
μw
hi = 447.52 Btu/jam.ft2.0F
♥ Menghitung hio
ID
hio= hi ( ) OD
(Kern, 105)
Q = 428841.8765 kkal/jam
= 1700673.686 Btu/jam
Diambil UD = 100
Q (kern,107)
A=
( U D . Δ Tm)
A = 188.9637428 ft2
¤ Cek harga UD
1 1
R D= −
U D UC
RD = 0.005521399 Jam ft2 0F/Btu
1
h D=
RD
hD = 181.1135044
( U C . hD )
U D=
( U C +h D )
UD = 100 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Q = 22372.80241 ltr/jam
= 0.219467717 ft3/dtk
= 13.16806301 ft3/mnt
ρ = 27.12272 lb/ft3
μ = 0.31 Cp
= 0.00020832 lb/ft dtk
(Timmerhaus,496)
Diopt =3 . 9 . Q0. 45 . ρ0 .13
Diopt = 3.027016016 in = 0.2522488 ft
Cek aliran
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 0.642710731
ρ
ρ = 1.555909917 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 1.327545014 Cp
Q = 8626.694932 ltr/jam
0.084624224 ft3/dtk
= 5.077453433 ft3/mnt
ρ = 44.03225066 lb/ft3
μ = 1.327545014 Cp
= 0.00089211 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID = 2 in (Timmerhaus, 496)
Diopt =3 . 9 . Q 0. 45 . ρ 0 .13
Diopt = 2.099555873 in = 0.1749612 ft
Cek aliran
D.V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 24359.45555
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 1.246052633
ρ
ρ = 0.802534318 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 0.211363636 Cp
Q = 6671.000829 ltr/jam
= 0.065439693 ft3/dtk
= 3.926381578 ft3/mnt
ρ = 22.7117212 lb/ft3
μ = 0.211363636 Cp
= 0.000142036 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID = 1,9 in (Timmerhaus,496)
0.45 0 .13
Diopt =3.9. Q .ρ
Diopt = 1.715954141 in = 0.1429947 ft
Cek aliran
D.V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 74813.81136
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 1.210579085
ρ
ρ = 0.826050948 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 0.239574191 Cp
Q = 1045.749058 ltr/jam
= 0.010258355 ft3/dtk
= 0.615501323 ft3/mnt
ρ = 23.37724182 lb/ft3
μ = 0.239574191 Cp
= 0.000160994 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID = 0,8 in (Timmerhaus,496)
Di opt 3 . 9 . Q 0 . 45
. 0 . 13
Cek aliran
D .V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 27314.28556
1 Xi
=∑
ρ ρi
1 = 0.769590549
ρ
ρ = 1.299392257 kg/ltr
1 Xi
=∑
μ μi
μ = 0.568055323 Cp
Q = 15114.6886 ltr/jam
= 0.148268694 ft3/dtk
= 8.896121648 ft3/mnt
ρ = 36.77280086 lb/ft3
μ = 0.568055323 Cp
= 0.000381733 lb/ft dtk
Asumsi bahwa aliran turbulen Dari Fig 14-2 didapat ID =2,7 in (Timmerhaus,496)
0 .45 0. 13
Diopt =3. 9. Q .ρ
Diopt = 2.63970465 in = 0.2199732 ft
Cek aliran
D.V . ρ
Reynold Number
NR E =
μ
NRE = 78546.34001
(T 2 −t 1 )
igunakan air
in
ft2
(Timmerhaus, 496)
2.88 in
0.03 ft2
(Timmerhaus,496)
2.38 in
0.02 ft2
(Timmerhaus,496)
1.05 in
0.0034 ft2
(Timmerhaus,496)
3.5 in
0.04 ft2
¤ Neraca Massa Reaktor
A + B C
A = Akrilonitrile
B = asam sulfat & air
C = Akrilamit sulfat
FA01 = 109.867927
FA02 = 36.2451074
FA03 = 6.16166792
1, RATB 1
Komponen M (kg/jam) BM (kg/kgmol) % Berat Mol
Akrilonitril 1923.1654 53.06 0.0979213 36.24511
Asam sulfat 3445.35256 98.08 0.17542609 35.12798
Air 756.296903 18 0.03850817 42.01649
Akrilamit Sulfat 13330.8995 169.14 0.67876584 78.81577
Ethanol 84.20516 46.07 0.00428745 1.827766
Etil Akrilat 99.9898 100.11 0.00509115 0.998799
19639.9093 1 195.0319
2, RATB 2
Komponen M (kg/jam) BM (kg/kgmol) % Berat Mol
Akrilonitril 326.9381 53.06 0.01664662 6.161668
Asam sulfat 581.842316 98.08 0.02962551 5.932324
Air 127.721484 18 0.00650316 7.095638
Akrilamit Sulfat 18419.2124 169.14 0.9378461 108.8992
Ethanol 84.20516 46.07 0.00428745 1.827766
Etil Akrilat 99.9898 100.11 0.00509115 0.998799
19639.9093 1 130.9154
3, RATB 3
Komponen M (kg/jam) BM (kg/kgmol) % Berat Mol
Akrilonitril 32.6938 53.06 0.00166466 0.616167
Asam sulfat 53.99044 98.08 0.00274902 0.550473
Air 11.85156 18 0.00060344 0.65842
Akrilamit Sulfat 19357.1785 169.14 0.98560427 114.4447
Ethanol 84.20516 46.07 0.00428745 1.827766
Etil Akrilat 99.9898 100.11 0.00509115 0.998799
19639.9093 1 119.0963
1, RATB 1
K=∑ X i . K i
K = 0.17473188 Btu/jam ft 0F
2, RATB 2
K=∑ X i . K i
K = 0.16248109 Btu/jam ft 0F
3, RATB 3
K=∑ X i . K i
K = 0.15878293 Btu/jam ft 0F
¤ Menghitung Kapasitas Panas
1, RATB 1
Cp=∑ W i . Cpi
Cp = 0.61337449 kkal/kg 0C
2, RATB 2
Cp=∑ W i . Cpi
Cp = 0.66733452 kkal/kg 0C
3, RATB 3
Cp=∑ W i . Cpi
Cp = 0.67728137 kkal/kg 0C
¤ Menghitung Viskositas
1, RATB 1
Ln μ=∑ W i . Ln μ i
Ln μ = -0.31588925 cp
μ = 0.733 cp
= 1.78119 lb/ft jam
2, RATB 2
Ln μ=∑ W i . Ln μ i
Ln μ = -0.44838332 cp
μ = 0.644 cp
= 1.56492 lb/ft jam
3, RATB 3
Ln μ=∑ W i . Ln μ i
Ln μ = -0.47280692 cp
μ = 0.625 cp
= 1.51875 lb/ft jam
Air 756.2969
Asam sulfat 3445.353
Air 127.7215
Asam sulfat 581.8423
Air 11.85156
Asam sulfat 53.99044
% Mol K Cp μ Ln Miu
0.185841924 0.09 0.5 0.21 -1.56
0.180114018 0.14 0.34 3.6 1.2
0.215433937 0.31 1 0.31 -1.17
0.404117289 0.16 0.68 0.62 -0.47
0.009371623 0.1 0.55 0.41 -0.89
0.005121209 0.08 0.46 0.32 -1.13
1
% Mol K Cp μ Ln Miu
0.047066027 0.09 0.5 0.21 -1.56
0.045314177 0.14 0.34 3.6 1.2
0.054200176 0.31 1 0.31 -1.17
0.831828847 0.16 0.68 0.62 -0.47
0.013961425 0.1 0.55 0.41 -0.89
0.007629349 0.08 0.46 0.32 -1.13
1
% Mol K Cp μ Ln Miu
0.005173682 0.09 0.5 0.21 -1.56
0.004622086 0.14 0.34 3.6 1.2
0.005528466 0.31 1 0.31 -1.17
0.960942334 0.16 0.68 0.62 -0.47
0.01534695 0.1 0.55 0.41 -0.89
0.008386482 0.08 0.46 0.32 -1.13
1