Uji Toksisitas Kosmetika 28 April 2017 PDF
Uji Toksisitas Kosmetika 28 April 2017 PDF
Oleh:
Dr. Arief Nurrochmad, M.Si., M.Sc., Apt
PELATIHAN DASAR PENILAIAN KEAMANAN KOSMETIKA DAN
PENYUSUNAN DIP BAGI PELAKU USAHA KOSMETIKA
Definisi Kosmetika
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Mutu
Kemanan
Kriteria
Kosmetika Kemanfaatan
Penandaan
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Keamanan Ingredients
Pemilihan bahan yang hati-hati merupakan isu
utama untuk memastikan keamanan produk
jadi.
Struktur kimia akan menentukan reaktivitas
kimia dan biologis.
Kemungkinan interaksi antar bahan yang
berpotensi terhadap keamanan.
Kondisi pemaparan (tipe formulasi, konsentrasi,
frekuensi dan durasi kon tak, area tubuh yang
terlibat efek sinar matahari, dll.)
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Sediaan uji
Penyiapan sediaan uji
Hewan uji
Dosis
Teknik
Prosedur pengujian,
Kemampuan SDM
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Uji Toksisitas
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OECD Guidelines
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY - Fixed Dose Procedure 420
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY - Acute Toxic Class Method 423
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY Up-and-Down Procedure 425
ACUTE TOXICITY (Oral) 401
ACUTE TOXICITY (Dermal) 402
ACUTE TOXICITY (Inhalation) 403
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Definisi OECD
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Waktu Observation
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Perhitungan LD50
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Validation
Method Test Purpose OECD TG
Authority
In vitro basal cytotoxicity
Adjunct to in vivo acute
assay: Neutral red uptake
oral toxicity tests for
(NRU) test with rodent cells ICCVAM pending
determining starting
(mouse 3T3 fibroblasts) (3T3
doses
NRU assay)
In vitro basal cytotoxicity
assay: Neutral red uptake Adjunct to in vivo acute
(NRU) test with human cells oral toxicity tests for
ICCVAM pending
(normal human epidermal determining starting
keratinocytes (NHK)) (NHK doses
NRU assay)
Colony Forming Unit- ECVAM
Haematotoxicity test for
Granulocyte/Macrophage (INVITTOX pending
acute neutropenia
(CFU-GM) Assay Protocol)
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Definisi:
Uji toksisitas subkronis oral adalah suatu
pengujian untuk mendeteksi efek toksik yang
muncul setelah pemberian sediaan uji dengan dosis
berulang yang diberikan secara oral pada hewan uji
selama sebagian umur hewan, tetapi tidak lebih dari
10% seluruh umur hewan (selama kurang dari 3
bulan) (PerKa BPOM, 2014)
Tujuan uji:
Spektrum efek toksik
Kekerabatan antara dosis dan spektrum efek toksik
Evaluasi keterbalikan (reversibilitas) efek toksik
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Types of Tests
Development: Dr. John Draize and coworkers
at the U.S. FDA in the 1940’s. Standard in vivo
regulatory test for >60 years
Draize eye irritancy test
Draize skin irritancy test
lethal dosage (LD) test
PROCEDURE
DRAIZE EYE IRRITANCY TEST:
Animal is placed in restraining stocks that hold their heads in
place eyelids are clipped open
Solutions of products are applied
DRAIZE SKIN IRRITANCY TEST:
Animal is shaved or abraded
Solutions of products are applied to raw skin
Covered with plastic sheeting
THE LETHAL DOSAGE (LD) TEST:
Animal is restrained
Solutions of products are forced through stomach tubes,
vapor spray inhalers or injection
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Dose level:
liquid- 0.5 ml
solid or paste- 0.5 g
Exposure period – 4 h
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EU/OECD developments in
alternatives relevant for 2018
1. Skin irritation – in vitro
2. Eye irritation – in vitro
3. Acute toxicity
–Waiving - dermal
–In vitro - oral
4. Skin sensitisation – in vitro
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(ECVAM, 2007)
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Out of 16 irritants in
the rabbit, only 5 were
irritating to human skin
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Skin irritation-Guidance/acceptance
Appropriate testing strategy outlined in ECHA
Evaluation Report 2010
ECHA OECD guidelines webpage :
http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/21650280/oecd_
test_guidelines_skin_irritation_en.pdf (24/04/2017)
OECD Guidance Document – IATA . No. 203 (July 2014).
ECHA R7 guidance update -expected July 2015
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Acute toxicity-oral
In vitro assay (NRU3T3) can be used to
demonstrate lack of oral toxicity (Annex VII):
NRU3T3 protocol is given by ECVAM as DB-ALM
Protocol n°139. http://ecvamdbalm.jrc.ec.europa.eu
ECVAM recommends its use in a weight of evidence
assessment to demonstrate non-toxicity:
https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/eurl-ecvam-
recommendations/files-
3t3/ReqNo_JRC79556_lbna25946enn.pdf (April
2017)
NICEATM/ECVAM validation of the NRU3T3 has
shown it predicts non-toxic substances with 95%
sensitivity
Acute toxicity-dermal
The dermal toxicity test dapat
diabaikan jika zat tersebut tidak
diklasifikasikan untuk aplikasi/
pemberian rute oral (Annex VIII)
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Acute toxicity-dermal
The dermal toxicity test can be waived
if the substance is not classified by the
oral route (Annex VIII)
Removal of the requirement for the dermal
route for non-toxic (LD50>2,000 mg/kg
bw/d) substances was agreed in principle by
CARACAL (July 2014)- revised REACH text
expected to be published early 2016 - in the
meantime registrants must still use Annex XI
adaptation to waive study (weight of
evidence)
ECHA R7 guidance already permits waiving
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Skin sensitisation-
Guidance/acceptance
ECHA OECD guidelines webpage:
http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/21650280/oec
d_test_guidelines_skin_sensitisation_en.pdf
(24/04/2017)
Draft OECD guidance document in progress -
expected end 2015
ECHA R7 guidance update in progress – expected
early 2016
An option to use the in vitro tests in place of the
LLNA has been agreed in principle by CARACAL (Jan
2015)-revised REACH text expected to be published
early 2016 -In the meantime registrants must use
Annex XI adaptation to waive study (weight of
evidence).
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Sekian
Terima kasih
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