Running Head: PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Program Design,
Implementation and
Evaluation

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PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3

2. Analyzing the Needs Assessment Approach for Cancer Control Service .................................. 3
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3. Evaluating the Challenges of Need Analysis .............................................................................. 4

4. SWOT Analysis of Australian Health Care Organization .......................................................... 6

5. Program Priorities for the Health Care Organization ................................................................. 7

6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 8

References ..................................................................................................................................... 10
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

1. Introduction
Cancer is a type of disease that can be avoided in a large extent by acquiring significant as well

as adequate treatment. There are multiple types of cancers that are preventable. If cancer can be

detected at early stages, it can be treated and eventually cured (Gordon & Rowell, 2015, p. 144). Page | 3

To undergo various policies, for preventing cancer in Australia, there are specific challenges

faced by the health care organisations of Australia while promoting the policies amid cancer

patients as well as the local community.

2. Analyzing the Needs Assessment Approach for Cancer Control Service

According to (Formosa et al., 2015, p. 4433), cancer is one of the most significant contributors to

death in Australia. The researchers at the World Health Organisation estimate that more than

2,000 peoples in Australia are killed due to skin cancer every year. Other significant contributors

to death in Australia are Lung and Bronchial cancer, Colon and Rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer,

Breast cancer, Blood cancer and Bile duct cancer. According to this, to prevent the impact of

several cancers amid the Australian people, Cancer Australia plays a tremendous role in this

region. The organisation works with both the government and non-government organisations to

offer adequate policies for developing the treatment of cancer. Accordingly, the organisation

helps those people, who live with cancer.

In accordance with (Arlene et al., 2019, p. 229), there are various cancer prevention policies that

are actively conducted by Cancer Australia to reduce the risks of common cancers in the country.

Risks factors such as consumption of tobacco and alcohol, overweight and obesity due to lack of

physical inactivity, exposure to ultraviolet radiations are the primary contributors for the cause of

cancer in Australia. Cancer Australia also conducts mobile health camps in various parts of
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Australia for the detection of cancers among peoples. The primary campaign that they undergo in

such camps is to make peoples aware of the risk factors in general.

There are various practices for the prevention of cancer. Recent reports suggest that physical Page | 4
activities can reduce the risks of multiple cancers such as colon cancer. As per the report, more

than 15% of the cases related to colon cancer and breast cancer is directly linked to the lack of

physical activity for the patient. Overweight is the second largest contributor of cancer

worldwide and being physically fit these outcomes can be avoided, reducing the risk of cancer

(Pandeya et al., 2015, p. 465). Additionally, being physically active is very critical for cancer

survivors. About a quarter of cancer-related deaths in Australia are cited due to physical

inactivity. Cancer patients, who are physically fit, are more like to survive than physically

inactive patients.

3. Evaluating the Challenges of Need Analysis

The most influential cause of cancer in Australia is Cigarette Smoking, which contributes to

about 21% of the overall cancer cases. As such the primary challenge for the authority at Cancer

Australia is to analyse the current scenario and make the Australian peoples aware regarding the

impact of cigarette smoking (Alam, 2018, p. 4966). For preventing the rate of smoking cigarette

amid smokers, the authority should make them aware of the harmful chemicals that are contained

in the tobacco.

However, it is impossible to monitor all the smokers in Australia at the same time. Therefore,

healthcare organisations like Cancer Australia are unable to detect all the smokers as well as

provide adequate caution regarding the effects of smoking. Additionally, passive smoking should

be avoided at any cost, and the general public should be made aware of the underlying risks due
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

to these (Wallen et al., 2018, p. 221). This awareness campaigning would not be an easy task as

it would require a massive campaigning program, and after all, an addictive smoker is most

likely not going to stop smoking even after knowing the consequences. The major victims of
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passive smoking are family members of smokers.

In order to prevent passive smoking and to control the rate of cancers due to smoking, health care

organizations are required to monitor every family, which is excessively a hard work to attain

(Wilson et al., 2018, p. 700). The second most significant cause of cancer in Australia is obesity.

As per several reports, 16% of Australian cancer patients are affected due to obesity. An

overweight person is more likely to develop cancer than a non-obese person. According to the

report of Cancer Australia, it is seen that 19,500 cases of cancer could have been prevented if the

patients kept a healthy weight.

Obesity and overweight is the main contributor to breast cancer and colon cancer in Australia.

The main challenges that Cancer Australia is facing are relatable in making people more aware

of the threats due to obesity. Various health and fitness camps are working with

recommendations from Cancer Australia, for promoting health and fitness within the country

(Wu et al., 2016, p. 452). Street foods and cold drinks are the major influential factors that

enhance the chances of getting cancer. In that case, the core challenge that is faced by the

healthcare organizations during preventing that rate of cancer due to overweight is to decrease

the amounts of street food and consumption of cold drinks. This process is time-consuming and

thus, healthcare organizations are unable to control all the street food sellers at the same time.
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

4. SWOT Analysis of Australian Health Care Organization

The SWOT Analysis is a framework that is undertaken by various organisations to monitor and

keep track of the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as evaluate the opportunities and
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threats. The SWOT Analysis for Cancer Australia is given below:

SWOT Analysis

Strength Cancer Australia is among the most reputed cancer treatment organisations in

Australia. It is one of the most established and dedicated organisations who

possess a high level of administrative capacity among the workers for delivering

strong routine standards for unremitting improvement (Alam, 2018, p. 4966).

Cancer Australia has a very prominent level of responsibility.

Cancer Australia also actively participates in routine health assessment

initiatives. Cancer Australia also has good collaborations with various local and

national health and fitness organisations of Australia for promoting the health

factors. Cancer Australia has a colossal research centre, for developing

innovative techniques for cancer prevention. It has also accomplished numerous

successes regardless of restricted resources.

Weakness Cancer Australia has less financial support than expected. It does not have the

best relationship with local Australian pharmacy companies. Cancer Australia

usually fails to follow the strict timelines for various cancer awareness agenda.

The outreach of the organisation is limited. Many individuals living in the

interior parts of Australia does not get access to the health camps of Cancer
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Australia. Cancer Australia lacks in specific fields such as conducting a large

scale public healthcare assessment program. Cancer Australia also lacks the

support of the general public. The doctors, researchers and the other workers at
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the organisation are often overstrained and stressed due to tremendous pressure.

Opportunity Cancer Australia is one of the most significant cancer research and treatment

firms in Australia. It has the most prevalent opportunity for developing a

potential cure for cancer in the future (Arlene et al., 2019, p. 229). Cancer

Australia can partner with governmental as well as non-governmental

organisations for promoting health and fitness camps on a larger scale across

Australia. Cancer Australia can even partner with various NGOs to evaluate

opportunities to help the individuals and families that are having financial

problems for supporting the medical expenses of the patients.

Threat The biggest and the most likely threat that Cancer Australia faces is the failure of

the budget. A failed budget would result in a non-functioning organisation.

Another biggest threat that the organisation faces is resigning of employees,

mainly researchers, due to excessive work pressure (Formosa et al., 2015, p.

4433). Other minor risks are relatable to various government norms, decreasing

co-operation among workers and unplanned approach towards the healthcare

assessment programs.

5. Program Priorities for the Health Care Organization

The cancer awareness program is the most vital part of promoting health and safety to avoid

cancer in the first place, as well as help patients with cancer to live a healthy life. For Cancer
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Australia to conduct such programs, certain priorities are needed to be shortlisted (Gordon &

Rowell, 2015, p. 144). First of all, pre-planning is required to be done, where the entire

organisation would take up specific roles throughout the process.

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Various decision makers are required, who could actively communicate with the recourses

available. It is vital to assess the current situation of any ongoing program before conducting a

new program. An in-depth analysis should be done to keep the budget minimal (Wallen et al.,

2018, p. 221). For performing a large scale cancer promotion camp, the organisation should

monitor the activities in such places where the disease is most like to happen.

It is very difficult to locate a particular region for the ongoing program and for that reason

instead of organising a massive camp the organisation should try to break the program into

smaller camps for targeting a larger set of audience starting from the cities to the rural areas

(Arlene et al., 2019, p. 229). The main factors that are needed to be considered should be cost-

effective solutions that are publicly acceptable and could tenure for a long time. The planning

should also be such that the implementation phase could be conducted as early as a possible

delivering success.

6. Conclusion
Cancer is such a disease that took control over a large number of Australian people. The

increasing numbers of cancer infected people become a matter of concern for health care

organisations in Australia. In that case, several policies along with treatments are provided to the

patients as well as to the family members to aware concerning the impact of cancer in both the

patients and others. Accordingly, Cancer Australia plays a tremendous role to prevent and to

secure large numbers of cancer infected people in the region. Being shoved by diversified
PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

challenges, the health care organisation though arranges several awareness programs across

Australia.

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PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

References
Alam, S. M. (2018). Second-hand Tobacco Smoke (ETS)–Findings of an Australian Case Study

and How Dhaka can reap the Benefit from the Research Outcome. The International Journal of
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Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 5(9), 4959-4968.

Arlene, C., Chris, L., Chih, H., & Willsher, P. (2019). Abstract P6-19-04: Male breast cancer:

Tumour characteristics and treatment compared with females in Australia–99,768 breast cancers

over a 10 year period.

Formosa, J., Jenner, R., Nguyen-Thi, M. D., Stephens, C., Wilson, C., & Ariyawardana, A.

(2015). Awareness and Knowledge of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders

among Dental Patients in Far North Queensland, Australia. Asian Pacific journal of cancer

prevention: APJCP, 16(10), 4429-4434.

Gordon, L. G., & Rowell, D. (2015). Health system costs of skin cancer and cost-effectiveness of

skin cancer prevention and screening: a systematic review. European Journal of Cancer

Prevention, 24(2), 141-149.

Pandeya, N., Wilson, L. F., Bain, C. J., Martin, K. L., Webb, P. M., & Whiteman, D. C. (2015).

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to tobacco smoke. Australian and New Zealand journal

of public health, 39(5), 464-470.

Wallen, M., Brown, S., Evans, L., Harvey, J., Fletcher, J., Duncan, R., ... & Storer, L. (2018).

Engage: preoperative exercise intervention for patients with prostate, colon and breast cancer.

Wilson, L. F., Antonsson, A., Green, A. C., Jordan, S. J., Kendall, B. J., Nagle, C. M., ... &

Whiteman, D. C. (2018). How many cancer cases and deaths are potentially preventable?

Estimates for Australia in 2013. International journal of cancer, 142(4), 691-701.

PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

Wu, Y. P., McPhail, J., Mooney, R., Martiniuk, A., & Amylon, M. D. (2016). A multisite

evaluation of summer camps for children with cancer and their siblings. Journal of psychosocial

oncology, 34(6), 449-459.

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