RISK ELECTRIC

Jerson Rodrigo Rojas Gamez , Victor Rodríguez Cod.45141025, vrodriguez25@unisalle.edu.co

Salle University, Circuit´s General Theory, Group 08.

 INDIRECT CONTACT
Abstract— It is to establish measures to ensure the safety of Possible Causes Fault isolation, poor maintenance, lack of
people, animal and plant life and the preservation of the grounding conductor.
environment; preventing, minimizing or eliminating the risk of
electrical origin. Qualified persons must be familiar with the safety PROTECTION: Separation of circuits, using very low voltage,
regulations and can be evaluated at any time by the authority or safety distances, equipotential bonding systems earthing,
the company to demonstrate their knowledge.
RCDs, preventive maintenance and corrective.
Index Terms— Circuit, Electric risk,
 SHORT CIRCUIT
I. INTRODUCTION Possible Causes Fault isolation, incompetence of the
technicians, external accidents, strong winds, humidity, faulty
Overall utilization and industrial dependency both as a domestic equipment.
electric power has resulted in the emergence of accidents through
contact with energized elements or fires, which have increased PROTECTION: Switches automatic devices overcurrent trip
by increasing the number of facilities, mainly in the distribution circuit breakers or fuses.
and end-use electricity. This part of RETIE main objective is to
raise awareness about the risks involved in every place where  FAULTY EQUIPMENT
electricity use is made or contain elements energized. The end POSSIBLE CAUSES: Poor maintenance, improper installation,
result of the passage of an electric current through the human misuse, time use, improper transport.
body can be predicted with a high percentage of certainty, if
certain conditions are made known risk and assesses the extent
PROTECTION: predictive and preventive maintenance,
to influence all factors that come together in an accident of
construction of installations using the technical standards,
electric type. For this reason the staff
characterization electromagnetic environment.
intervene in a system, depending on the nature of the activity,
process
 RAY
POSSIBLE CAUSES: Failure: the design, construction, operation,
protection system maintenance.
II. OBJETIVES
 Learn to analyze the possible causes of PROTECTION: Lightning rods, downspouts, grounded,
electrical risk equipotentialization, shields, wiring topology. further suspend
 Learn to follow the rules RETIE high-risk activities, when it has a personal outdoor.

III. PROPOSED QUESTIONS  OVERLOAD

POSSIBLE CAUSES: Overcoming the nominal limits of the

1. Which of the electric risks listed at retie can you
find in the modeling lab?
 ABSENCE OF ELECTRICITY (IN CERTAIN CASES)
POSSIBLE CAUSES
 PROTECTIVE MEASURES:
Blackout or outage not have a system continuous power -
UPS not have emergency plants, not having transfer. For
example: places where plants require emergency as hospitals
and airports
.
PROTECTION: Provide uninterrupted systems power plants
and emergency automatic transfer
equipment or drivers, facilities that do not meet technical
standards, connections Loose, harmonics, not control the
power factor.
Use Breakers with relays overload
circuit breakers associated with circuit breakers, circuit
breakers, fuses well sized, technical dimensioning conductors
and equipment, reactive power compensation with bank
capacitors.
 STEP VOLTAGE
POSSIBLE CAUSES: Rays, ground faults, fault isolation,
violation of restricted areas, delay in clearing the fault,
PROTECTION: earthed low resistance, restriction access, high
resistivity of the floor, equipotentialising.
2. What is the difference about electric risk between the
DC and AC current?
 Current DC: muscular stiffness in the fingers,
wrists, elbows and shoulders, arms and legs
fraud, burning arms, shoulders and legs.
 AC current: less than 3mA not cause any
reaction; between 3mA and 200mA no
dangerous pathophysiological effects; between
200mA and 500mA not occur without risk of
fibrillation, which is when the heart stops beating
in a normal rhythm and stops sending blood to
the organs; between 1000mA 500mA and no risk
of fibrillation by 5%; between 200mA 1000mA
risk of fibrillation and 50%; greater than
2000mA for cardiac, respiratory arrest and
severe burns.
3. Which electric variable is more important in the
electric risk: voltage, current or energy?
At the moment in which the contact stress arises, the capacitances
in the body are not charged. Therefore, skin 𝑍𝑃1 and 𝑍𝑃2
impedances are significant and the initial resistance 𝑅0 is
approximately equal to the internal impedance of the human body
𝑍1 . Initial resistance 𝑅0 depends mainly on the current path, and to
a lesser extent the surface area of contact. The initial resistance 𝑅0
limits the peaks of power and to a lesser degree the surface area of
contact.
The values of the total body impedance depend Z_1 contact
surface area when the skin is not broken (for touch voltages of
about 50 V) or broken only partially (for touch voltages above
50 V)
The dependence of the total body impedance 𝑍1 for a current
path hand to hand in the contact surface area (1 𝑚𝑚2 to
about8.00 𝑚𝑚2) for a range of contact voltage 25 V 200 V AC 50
Hz is shown in Fig. To contact voltages below 100 V and small
areas of contact, mediated deviations can easily reach the order
of
± 50% of the average, depending on the precise temperature,
location in the palm of the hand, etc., even a rapid breathing
modest impedance

 Voltage or voltage: the resistance of the human body

varies according to the applied tension and as you are at
a local dry or wet. Thus the electrotechnical regulation
of low Tension fixed values (both for alternating current
and DC) voltage of 24 V for wet rooms and 50 V for dry
rooms at the frequency of 50 Hz

 Type of current (AC or DC): DC power acts by

warming, although it may cause an effect of electrolyte
in the body which can lead to risk of stroke or death by
electrolysis of blood; in terms of alternating current, the
superimposition of the frequency to the nervous and
circulatory rhythm produces an alteration resulting in
spasms, shaking and disordered rhythm of the heart
(ventricular fibrillation). The numbers indicate the percentage of internal impedance of
the human body for the body part in relation to the trajectory of
the hand to foot
4. What is the average clearing time of a circuit breaker in
household applications? After of socialize the questions, start with the practice, these
were the results.
T min minimum timing switch, in seconds. T min is the shortest
time between the start and the first short moment of separation of
the contacts of one pole switch. The calculation is based only on
the positive sequence component. Possible options according to
IEC are: 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 s and higher. If an intermediate
value is entered, a linear interpolation is performed. T min is only
necessary to calculate the interrupting current Ib. Interrupting
current IB

5. Based on NTC 4120, how would you model your body

with circuit elements in the case of contact voltage
 Figure 1.0 DC source circuit

In this case it will vary the voltage of a DC power source and

know how much support a certain voltage

Figure 1.0 AC source circuit

In this case it will vary the voltage of a AC power source and

know how much support a certain voltage

IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 anexo general del RETIE resolución 9 0708 de

agosto 30 de 2013
 https://www.sprl.upv.es/IOP_ELEC_02.ht
 http://cmapspublic.ihmc.us/rid=1M0P2C4YW-
1TQ8GXL-20CN/NTC4120.pdf