Psychol Addict Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Sep 30.

Published in final edited form as:

Psychol Addict Behav. 2015 Sep; 29(3): 590–602.
doi: 10.1037/adb0000109
PMCID: PMC4588070
NIHMSID: NIHMS703201
PMID: 26415059

Can Marijuana Make It Better? Prospective

Effects of Marijuana and Temperament on
Risk for Anxiety and Depression
Victoria A. Grunberg, Kismet A. Cordova, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and Tiffany A. Ito
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Abstract
Increases in marijuana use in recent years highlight the importance of understanding how
marijuana affects mental health. Of particular relevance is the effect of marijuana use on anxiety
and depression given that marijuana use is highest among late adolescents/early adults, the same
age range in which risk for anxiety and depression is the highest. Here we examine how
marijuana use moderates the effects of temperament on level of anxiety and depression in a
prospective design in which baseline marijuana use and temperament predict anxiety and
depression one year later. We found that harm avoidance (HA) is associated with higher anxiety
and depression a year later, but only among those low in marijuana use. Those higher in
marijuana use show no relation between HA and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Marijuana
use also moderated the effect of novelty seeking (NS), with symptoms of anxiety and depression
increasing with NS only among those with high marijuana use. NS was unrelated to symptoms of
anxiety and depression among those low in marijuana use. The temperament dimension of
reward dependence was unrelated to anxiety and depression symptoms. Our results suggest that
marijuana use does not have an invariant relationship with anxiety and depression, and that the
effects of relatively stable temperament dimensions can be moderated by other contextual
factors.

Keywords: Marijuana, Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Anxiety,

Depression
Analyst. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as:
Analyst. 2013 Aug 21; 138(16): 4443–4447.
Published online 2013 Jun 18. doi: 10.1039/c3an00934c
PMCID: PMC3732448
NIHMSID: NIHMS497039
PMID: 23774310

Quantitative Paper Spray Mass

Spectrometry Analysis of Drugs of Abuse
Yuan Su,a He Wang,a Jiangjiang Liu,a Pu Wei,b R. Graham Cooks,b,c and Ouyang Zhenga,c,*
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Abstract
An ambient method for rapid monitoring and quantitation of drugs of abuse in dried blood spots
was developed using paper spray tandem mass spectrometry (PS-MS).

Drug abuse is a serious problem worldwide with an estimated 200 million users of illicit drugs. 1
Many addictive drugs have valuable therapeutic effects in clinical use. For example,
buprenorphine, oxycodone and heroin are useful analgesics, but abuse of these drugs has a large
impact on addicts’ health as well as their social lives.2,3 Analysis of drugs in biofluids, such as
urine and blood, is applied for screening drug users as well as for monitoring them undergoing
therapy.4,5 In the development of therapeutic drugs for treatment of the drug abuse, dosing
guidelines are established on the basis of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD)
clinical studies; these study is dependent on the analysis of the therapeutic drugs as well as the
drugs of abuse and their metabolites in blood.6 The use of drugs in therapy, such as the pain
relief drug buprenorphine often used in management of opioids dependence, needs to be strictly
controlled to avoid addiction as well as other side effects.7,8