Personal hygiene

The occurrence and severity of Hygiene related outbreaks in endemic

areas is greatly enhanced by human behaviour with regards the practice of healthy
hygiene. Poor hygiene behaviour is a major problem in developing countries1

Oral hygiene is one of the major factors in the wellbeing of people. It is a

state of being liberated from several issues: longlasting mouth and facial pain,
birth defects, periodontal diseases, throat cancer, oral sores, tooth decay and loss,
amongst other disorders that distress oral cavity2

Personal hygiene is very important for protecting and maintaining health

and addressing health problems and is also fundamental to the prevention of many
diseases, particularly contagious diseases3.

Di dalam dunia Keperawatan, personal hygiene merupakan salah satu

kebutuhan dasar manusia. Personal hygiene atau kebersihan diri adalah upaya
seseorang dalam memelihara kebersihan dan kesehatan dalam dirinya untuk
memperoleh kesehatan fisik dan bertujuan untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit4.

Hygiene is not just about cleanliness, but also about the conditions,
activities and practices which protect health and prevent diseases5.

Program Perilaku hidup bersih dan Sehat adalah upaya untuk memberikan
pengalaman belajar atau menciptakan suatu kondisi bagi perorangan, keluarga,
kelompok dan masyarakat, dengan membuka jalur komunikasi, memberikan
informasi dan melakukan edukasi, untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan
perilaku, melalui pendekatan pimpinan, bina suasana dan pemberdayaan
masyarakat. Dengan demikian, masyarakat dapat mengenali dan mengatasi
masalahnya sendiri dan dapat menerapkan cara-cara hidup sehat dengan menjaga,
memelihara, dan meningkatkan kesehatannya6.

1 Assefa and Kumie, “Assessment of Factors Influencing Hygiene Behaviour among

School Children in Mereb-Leke District, Northern Ethiopia.”
2 Dakhili et al., “RESEARCH ARTICLE KNOWLEDGE ON ORAL HYGIENE AMONG

SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AJMAN, UAE.”

3 Hossain, “A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT

PERSONAL HYGIENE AND DISEASE AWARENESS OF EAST WEST UNIVERSITY

STUDENTS IN DHAKA CITY.”
4 Oleh and Aulia, “Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat

Sarjana S-1 Keperawatan Internasional.”

5 Deodhar, “Epidemiological Perspective of Domestic and Personal Hygiene in India.”
6 Putra, Suwarni, and Ruhama, “DETERMINAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT

PADA SISWA SD MUHAMMADIYAH 1 DAN 3 DI KOTA PONTIANAK.”

 Hygiene practice, knowledge and behavior are the driving force of health.
Health is considered as the physical mental economic and social condition and
satisfaction of a man and hygiene is the constitution to attain it. There are various
types of diseases which directly or indirectly depend on hygiene practice. The
people of the rural areas suffer from health and hygiene related diseases7
Personal hygiene is the practice of maintaining cleanliness of the body, it
is done through bathing, hair grooming, and hand washing, brushing teeth,
trimming nails and cleaning ears among others. Through these personal
behaviours, social acceptances are gained. However maintaining good or
acceptable personal hygiene is seldom perceived and acknowledged as protection
against diseases8.

Penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa pengetahuan santri mengenai scabies

ditularkan melalui pakaian 76,6%, dilihat dari kebersihan diri santri yang
menderita scabies mengganti bajunya satu kali dalam sehari 57,1%, mencuci
handuk dua minggu sekali 66,2%9.

While several studies have documented the importance of hand washing in

the university setting, the added role of environmental hygiene remains poorly
understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the personal and
environmental hygiene habits of college students, define the determinants of
hygiene in this population, and assess the relationship between reported hygiene
behaviors, environmental contamination, and health status10.

Personal hygiene education is one of the important aspects. If proper

measures are not taken for making the body parts clean, the body is liable to
various skin infections and it may hamper the physical well-being of the
individual. Due to ignorance or lack of proper education, personal hygiene may
not be taken care properly11

Personal hygiene is an effort made by individuals to maintain personal

hygiene to avoid the disease. Personal hygiene carried out by maintaining the
cleanliness of the body, which can be done with a bath, brushing teeth, washing
hands, and wearing clean clothes. Bathing can remove odors, dust, and dead skin
cells. Beneficial bath to maintain health, maintain hygiene, and maintain in order
to keep a neat appearance. While washing hands with soap is also known as one
of the efforts to prevent disease. This is done because the hands are often the

7 Ahmmed et al., “Health and Hygiene, Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior: A Case Study
at Hapania Mauza of Atghoria Upazila in Pabna District.”
8 Farah et al., “Knowledge and Practice.”
9 Zakiudin and Shaluhiyah, “Perilaku Kebersihan Diri (Personal Hygiene) Santri di Pondok

Pesantren Wilayah Kabupaten Brebes akan Terwujud Jika Didukung dengan

Ketersediaan Sarana Prasarana.”
10 Miko et al., “Personal and Household Hygiene, Environmental Contamination, and

Health in Undergraduate Residence Halls in New York City, 2011.”

11 Talukdar and Baruah, “Prevalence of Skin Infection and Personal Hygiene Practices

amongst Primary School Children: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Kamrup

(Rural) District of Assam.”
agents who carry pathogenic bacteria and cause switching from one person to
another, by direct or indirect contact12

Personal hygiene is an individual’s responsibility. It is the responsibility of

everyone to maintain as high a standard of personal hygiene and to avoid behavior
that may be detrimental to their health and well being13

Salah satu upaya personal hygiene adalah merawat kebersihan kulit karena kulit
berfungsi untuk melindungi permukaan tubuh, memelihara suhu tubuh dan
mengeluarkan kotoran-kotoran tertentu. Mengingat kulit penting sebagai
pelindung organ-organ tubuh, maka kulit perlu dijaga kesehatannya. Penyakit
kulit dapat disebabkan oleh jamur, virus, kuman, parasit. Salah satu penyakit kulit
yang disebabkan oleh parasit adalah Skabies14.

Faktor perilaku dan lingkungan merupakan faktor dominan dalam mewujudkan

derajat kesehatan. Untuk mendukung upaya peningkatan perilaku sehat maka
ditetapkan visi nasional promosi kesehatan personal hygiene15

12 Sholihah et al., “Relationship between Knowledge, Environmental Sanitation and

Personal Hygiene with Scabies(Observational Study in the Diamond Miners Community
of Cempaka District Banjarbaru South Kalimantan).”
13 Mundia, “THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA.”
14 Akmal and Semiarty, “Hubungan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Skabies Di

Pondok Pendidikan Islam Darul Ulum, Palarik Air Pacah, Kecamatan Koto Tangah
Padang Tahun 2013.”
15 Solehati et al., “PENGARUH EDUKASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SKILL

GURU SERTA PERSONAL HYGIENE SISWA SD.”

Ahmmed, Zibon, Sahinur Rahman, Easin Ali, Mst Tanzila Akter Shawon, and
Sheikh Monzurul Huq. “Health and Hygiene, Knowledge, Attitude and
Behavior: A Case Study at Hapania Mauza of Atghoria Upazila in Pabna
District” 7, no. 12 (2017): 10.
Akmal, Suci Chairiya, and Rima Semiarty. “Hubungan Personal Hygiene Dengan
Kejadian Skabies Di Pondok Pendidikan Islam Darul Ulum, Palarik Air
Pacah, Kecamatan Koto Tangah Padang Tahun 2013,” n.d., 4.
Assefa, Mulubirhan, and Abera Kumie. “Assessment of Factors Influencing
Hygiene Behaviour among School Children in Mereb-Leke District,
Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.” BMC Public Health 14, no.
1 (December 2014): 1000. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1000.
Dakhili, Sara, Noora ObaidAlsuwaidi, Sara Saeed, Sara BassamMurad, Dana
Mohammad, Pratibha Prasad, Aji Gopakumar, and Faheem Ahmed Khan.
“RESEARCH ARTICLE KNOWLEDGE ON ORAL HYGIENE
AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AJMAN, UAE,” n.d., 7.
Deodhar, Ns. “Epidemiological Perspective of Domestic and Personal Hygiene in
India.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research 13, no.
sup1 (January 2003): S47–56.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0960312031000102796.
Farah, Shayela, Mohoshina Karim, Nasreen Akther, Meherunnessa Begum, and
Nadia Begum. “Knowledge and Practice,” n.d., 7.
Hossain, Mazharul. “A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND
PRACTICE ABOUT PERSONAL HYGIENE AND DISEASE
AWARENESS OF EAST WEST UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN
DHAKA CITY,” n.d., 94.
Miko, Benjamin A., Bevin Cohen, Katharine Haxall, Laurie Conway, Nicole
Kelly, Dianne Stare, Christina Tropiano, Allan Gilman, Samuel L.
Seward, and Elaine Larson. “Personal and Household Hygiene,
Environmental Contamination, and Health in Undergraduate Residence
Halls in New York City, 2011.” Edited by Holger Rohde. PLoS ONE 8,
no. 11 (November 27, 2013): e81460.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081460.
Mundia, Nevia Namasiku. “THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA,” n.d., 120.
Oleh, Disusun, and Farah Ichtyarinie Aulia. “Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah
Satu Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Sarjana S-1 Keperawatan
Internasional,” n.d., 9.
Putra, Gandha Sunaryo, Linda Suwarni, and Ufi Ruhama. “DETERMINAN
PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT PADA SISWA SD
MUHAMMADIYAH 1 DAN 3 DI KOTA PONTIANAK,” n.d., 6.
Sholihah, Qomariyatus, Aprizal Satria Hanafi, Lenie Marlinae, Laily Khairiyati,
and Rudi Fakhriadi. “Relationship between Knowledge, Environmental
Sanitation and Personal Hygiene with Scabies(Observational Study in the
Diamond Miners Community of Cempaka District Banjarbaru South
Kalimantan),” 2015, 6.
Solehati, Tetti, Sri Susilawati, Mamat Lukman, and Cecep Eli Kosasih.
“PENGARUH EDUKASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SKILL
GURU SERTA PERSONAL HYGIENE SISWA SD.” Jurnal Kesehatan
Masyarakat 11, no. 1 (September 11, 2015): 135.
https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v11i1.3678.
Talukdar, Kaushik, and Rupali Baruah. “Prevalence of Skin Infection and
Personal Hygiene Practices amongst Primary School Children: A
Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Kamrup (Rural) District of
Assam” 3, no. 3 (2015): 4.
Zakiudin, Ahmad, and Zahroh Shaluhiyah. “Perilaku Kebersihan Diri (Personal
Hygiene) Santri di Pondok Pesantren Wilayah Kabupaten Brebes akan
Terwujud Jika Didukung dengan Ketersediaan Sarana Prasarana.” Jurnal
Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 11, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 64.
https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.11.2.64-83.