Zaballero, Frixie Maureen F.

Arts Appreciation
1- AN Dr. Merriam Bernardo Cesar
1. What is Art?
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a
visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for
their beauty or emotional power.

2. Give the Different Categories of Art:

Paintings - Is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a
solid surface (support base).
Prints - A print is a two-dimensional art form created by an impression made by a method
involving a transfer from one surface to another.

Drawings - As with paintings, drawings are one of the oldest art forms around and can be
traced back to prehistoric times.

Photograph - A photograph is an image created by the exposure of light on a light-

sensitive material at some stage during its making.

Craft - The art of craft-making can be defined as an occupation or trade which involves
manual dexterity and skilled artistry.

Design - Part of applied arts, design comes in many forms, from graphic, fashion, interior,
functional to the industrial.

Performance Art - Performance Art is where the artwork takes the form of actions
performed by the artist/s or approved performers briefed by the artist.

Mixed Media - Mixed-media tends to refer to artworks that use a combination of

materials in their construction.

Sculpture - As with painting, the earliest example of sculpture dates back to the Upper
Paleolithic period (40,000 to 10,000 years ago).

Installation - The term installation was coined in the 1970s to describe artwork that of any
form or size that inhibits a space inside or outside a gallery.

New Media - New Media is an art form which came about in the 1960s, as artists started to
experiment with developing technology in their art-making.

3. What is Style?
A distinctive appearance, typically determined by the principles according to which
something is designed.
4. What is Historical Factor?
A historical factor is any element of influence on a situation that is related to history. A
factor could be anything, including a result or situation, that contributed to another result or
situation. The word "historical" is an adjective which describes something that is somehow
related to history or previous events.

5. What is Geographical Factor?

Geography, which is the study of the Earth's surface, focuses on elements such as the
arrangement of physical features, climate, soil and vegetation. Geography influences the
development of the people who occupy given areas. Humans respond and adapt to the
conditions they encounter, developing patterns of behavior and customs to cope with dry
deserts, arctic cold, high mountain ranges or the isolation of an island. In turn, humans
interact with physical geography to change, enhance or destroy physical and ecological
features. The study of human interaction with the land is called "cultural geography," and
it includes economics, migrations, religion and language.

Topography

Topography is the study of reliefs; it describes the heights and shapes of geographical
elements such as valleys, hills, mountains and plateaus, as well as the placement of
features such as rivers, lakes and cities. Natural barriers such as mountain ranges, oceans
and large deserts limit human travel and isolate populations, thus restricting cultural
exchanges. Island nations, such as Japan, were long isolated from other cultures. This
fostered the development of rich, unique cultures. Mountains and rocky plateaus reduce
the amount of land available for agriculture, while level grasslands offer rich soils for
raising crops. This affects the extent that agriculture can spread in a country.

Bodies of Water

Large bodies of water restricted access to other cultures until humans devised ships
capable of sailing over large distances. After that, coastal areas became hubs of cultural
exchange. Some examples of countries that utilized ships to spread their culture include
the colonizing European nations of Great Britain, Spain and Portugal in the 1500s and
1600s. Also, rivers make good "highways" for travel and cultural exchange; however, if
rivers are swift and hard to navigate, they can isolate populations. The spread of cultures
from their areas of origin to other localities is called "cultural diffusion."
 Climate

Climate shapes what sort of agriculture is possible in a given area, how people dress,
what sort of dwellings they build and how easily they travel. In large areas of the Sahara
Desert in Africa, travel depends on the location of water and the availability of drought-
tolerant beasts of burden such as camels. Agriculture is possible at oases with low
population densities and isolated villages. In the severe winter climate of Finland, the
culture of the Sami people centered around the life cycle of reindeer herds, their main
source of food, resulting in a nomadic life style.

Vegetation

In the modern world, cultural diffusion is on the increase due to better transportation and
improved methods of communication. However, in some areas ecosystems with
impenetrable vegetation such as tropical jungles still harbor remote primitive cultures.
The National Geographic Society estimates that more than 100 "uncontacted tribes" exist
worldwide in South America, Papua New Guinea and the Indian Ocean. Contact with
these tribes occurs when loggers, miners, colonists, ranchers and oil companies construct
roads into formerly inaccessible areas.

6. What is Visual Art?

The visual arts are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as
ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
film making and architecture. These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many
artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the
visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied
arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative
art.

Elements of Visual Arts:

Line- An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-
dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

Shape- An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

Form- An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height,
width and depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

Value- The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the
darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.
 Space- An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of
depth achieved in a work of art.

Color- An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity. • Hue:
name of color • Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white
or black is added) • Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is
strong and bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)

Texture- An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if
touched.

7. What is Painting?
The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called
the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but
other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. Most mosaics are
made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known
as tesserae.

8. What is Illumination?
The act or process of making something clearer or brighter or a device for doing so.

9. What is Photography?
Is the art application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or
other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or
chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed
in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as
its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and
mass communication.

10. What is Music?

A vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of
form, harmony, and expression of emotion.

11. What is Dance?

The movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space,
for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight
in the movement itself.