Part A

Observation Equation
Sodium sulfate Solid turns from colourless Na2SO4•10H2O → Na2SO4(s)+
1 decahydrate to white 10H2O(l)
CH3COOK(s)+ H2O(l)
2 Potassium acetate Solid turns into liquid form →CH3COOK•H2O

Which compound is deliquescence, and which is efflorescence?

Sodium sulfate decahydrate turns from colourless to white as it released water molecules to the air,
therefore it is efflorescent. Potassium acetate however is deliquescence because it absorbs water
from the air

Part B

Observation

The copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate turned from blue to white when it was heated. There was water
at the mouth of the test tube which shows the release of water molecules. When a Cobalt(II)
chloride test paper was in contact with the water at the mouth of the test tube, it changed from light
blue to pink. The white solid turned blue when it was exposed to water

Discuss your result

When heating the copper (II) sufate pentahydrate, it released hydrated water molecule as water
vapour. The crystals turns white due to the absence of water molecules. Presence of water
molecules are proven by the change in colour of Cobalt chloride test paper turns from blue to
pink/When anhydrous copper (II) sulfate is added with a few drops of water, it turned from white to
blue. This happens because water molecules are present

Measured weight (g)

Crucible + cover weight 37.22
Crucible + cover + sample weight 41.22
Crucible + cover + sample weight - after 1st heating 39.48
Crucible + cover + sample weight - after 2nd heating 39.48
Crucible + cover + sample weight - after 3rd heating 39.48

Weight of the sample

41.22g-37.22g=4g

Weight loss during heating

41.22g-39.48g=1.74g

Mass percent of water in hydrate

(1.74 / 4) x 100%=43.5%
Mole Ratio of between water molecule and the anhydrous sample

Weight of salt in sample = 39.48g-37.22g=2.26 g

Mole of salt = 2.26/151.908g/mol= (565/37077) moles of salt

Mole of H2O= (1.74/18.01528 g/mol) = 0.09658 mol

Mole ratio of H2O: Anhydrous salt

0.09658
= 565 = 6.338
37077

Empirical Formula would be = FeSO4 . 6H2O

Part A

Compound that absorbs water from air are called deliquescence and when water escape forms the
compound into the air it is called efflorescence. Sodium decahydrate is efflorescence as the water
molecule escape to the air. The water of hydration Is bonded so weakly that it tends to escape. Thus,
the colour of sodium sulfate decahydrate turns from colourless to white dues to the absence of
water molecules. While potassium acetate is deliquescence because the water can be seen around
the potassium acetate. It absorbs water from the air and formed water droplets.

Part B

Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate turns form blue to white when heating. A gas is released when
copper (II) sulfate is pentahydrate and it turns blue cobalt chloride test paper to pink. This is because
the bond between water and copper (II) sulfate is weakened by heating so the water molecules
could escape into the air. Blue Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate become white anhydrous copper (II)
sulfate after heating. When the anhydrous copper (II) sulfate is added with a few drops of water it
turns blue because of the presence of water.

Part C

The cover of the crucible is ajar to allow water vapour to escape from the unknown hydrate so that it
could not affect the result. After the first heating and second heating, there was no difference in
weight, The formula for percent of water in hydrate can be calculated using

(Weight loss during heating / original sample of mass) x 100%= mass percent of water in hydrate

Conclusion

Sodium sulfate decahydrate is efflorescence while potassium acetate is deliquescence. Copper (II)
sulfate pentahydrate is blue and anhydrous copper (II) sulfate is white in colour. Water could change
the blue Cobalt chloride test paper to pink. The bond of water in hydrate can be calculated using:

(Weight loss during heating / original sample of mass) x 100%= mass percent of water in hydrate