ASSIGNMENT 5 Physical Science 50 Points

FEU Alabang, Inc.
Senior High School Program

Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
Perfect Score: 50 Passing Score: 30
Name: Danielle Patrice B. Confesor Date: September 29, 2019
Section: HU124 Score:
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions briefly. This assignment is SOFT COPY, pass this
in the submission thread in our CANVAS class. Save and upload this in PDF format.
I. List down the top ten countries that produces and exports petroleum products. PROVIDE BASIS. (10 points)
1. United States
Production: 17,886,000 bpd
Number one on this list of the top 10 oil-producing countries is the US. It produced the most oil in 2018, with output
increasing from 15,647,000 bpd in 2017 to 17,886,000 bpd in 2018. The US has been described as a swing producer
because its production fluctuates alongside market prices. The International Energy Agency forecasts that the country will
continue to satiate the world’s appetite for oil as demand expands in the next five years.
2. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s output came in at 12,090,000 bpd in 2017, and climbed to 12,419,000 in 2018. The Middle Eastern
country possesses 18 percent of the world’s proven petroleum reserves and ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum. Its
oil and gas sector accounts for about 50 percent of its GDP, and about 85 percent of its export earnings.
3. Russia
Russian oil output has been increasing steadily over the years, growing from 11,210,000 bpd in 2017 to 11,401,000 bpd last
year. Despite coming in third on the list, Russia is the world’s largest producer of crude oil and the second largest producer
of dry natural gas, according to the EIA. Most of Russia’s reserves are located in West Siberia, between the Ural Mountains
and the Central Siberian Plateau, as well as in the Urals-Volga region, extending into the Caspian Sea.
4. Canada
Next on this list of the top 10 oil-producing countries is Canada. It boosted its annual oil production to 5,295,00 bpd in 2018,
surging past 2017’s output levels of 4,964,000 bpd.
5. China
China’s annual oil output decreased in 2017, going down to 4,779,000 bpd from 4,863,000 bpd in 2016. While output was
up in 2018 at 4,816,000 bpd, it did not exceed 2016 production numbers. China is the world’s second largest consumer of
oil and moved from being the second largest net importer of oil to the largest in 2014.
Submitted to: Mr. Jhomhel Jhon A. Libutan Date Received: ____________________

FEU Alabang, Inc.
Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
6. Iraq
In 2017, despite increasing its output, Iraq got bumped from sixth place by Iran on the top 10 oil-producing countries list.
Output in 2018 helped the nation regain its sixth spot position. The Middle Eastern country marginally increased its oil
production from 4,455,000 bpd in 2017 to 4,616,000 bpd in 2018. It holds the world’s fifth largest proven oil reserves at
144 billion barrels; that represents nearly 18 percent of the reserves in the Middle East and almost 9 percent of global
reserves.
7. Iran
Iran’s oil output decreased last year, falling from 4,695,000 bpd in 2017 to 4,471,000 bpd in 2018. According to the EIA,
Iran holds the world’s fourth largest proven oil reserves and the world’s second largest natural gas reserves. Despite the
country’s abundant reserves, Iran’s oil production has substantially fallen in recent years, and natural gas production
growth has been slower than expected.
8. United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates is an OPEC member, and has ranked among the 10 top oil-producing countries for decades. In
2017, it saw a small decrease in production from the previous year’s 3,765,000 bpd; however, it appears that oil output has
stabilized and is back up to 3,791,000 bpd.
9. Brazil
Last year, Brazil’s oil production jumped dramatically from 3,363,000 bpd in 2017 to 3,428,000 in 2018.
According to the EIA, total primary energy consumption in Brazil has nearly doubled in the past decade because of
sustained economic growth. The largest share of Brazil’s total energy consumption is oil and other liquid fuels, followed by
hydroelectricity and natural gas. The recent surge in production and exports is said to be the result of years of large
investments by state-run Petróleo Brasileiro (Petrobras); they are said to now be paying off due to higher oil prices.
According to Reuters, “the nation hopes to use higher oil sales to help drag its economy out of a two-year recession.”
10. Kuwait
Last on this list of the 10 top oil-producing countries is Kuwait, whose output has dropped two years in a row. In 2016,
production reached 3,072,000 bpd, then dropped to 2,825,000 bpd in 2017. Last year, the country made a slight recovery,
producing 2,870,000 bpd.
Kuwait’s oil and gas sector accounts for about 60 percent of country’s GDP and about 95 percent of its export revenues.
FEU Alabang, Inc.
Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
II. What can you say about the economy of these countries? (5 points)
The economy of those countries are growing. Despite the increasing proliferation of alternative energy sources, oil
production continues to play an important role in the global economy. According to my research,lower oil and gas prices
lead to a better economy overall. Transportation, shipping, and merchandise costs are all reduced when oil and gas prices
are low. The more oil that is produced, the more likely it is that prices will stabilize at a lower rate. Though these lower
rates may have temporarily reduced the amount of money being made within the oil and gas industry, the industry has been
able to bounce back by increasing their own efficiency. In this way, the oil and gas industry and the economy can both
improve upon their outlooks at the same time.
III. What would happen to the world if petroleum were to run out? (5 points)
Because oil is a particular and unique substance, having both a high energy content, and that it is readily refined into
liquid fuels – effectively by distillation – to provide the petrol and diesel that runs practically all of the world’s
transportation. Moreover, everything we depend upon - literally everything: food, materials, clothes, computers, mobile
phones, pharmaceuticals etc. – for our daily existence is underpinned by a plentiful supply of cheap crude oil. So, the loss
of this provision is going to have a profound, and shattering effect on human civilization.
IV. List down the top ten countries that utilize nuclear energy. PROVIDE BASIS. (10 points)
1. United States of America
770,719 gigawatt-hours supplied by Nuclear electricity (#1)
With 100 currently running reactors, the United States nearly doubles the next nation on this list. Originally developed in
response to the ballooning cost of the Manhattan Project — federal officials wanted researchers to find a civilian use for the
technology — nuclear energy matured in the 1970s, as nearly every current reactor in the United States began construction
by the middle of the decade. In 1979, the Three Mile Island accident halted further nuclear expansion and the only
improvements in capacity for the next 30 years came by way of improved efficiency at existing plants. In 2013, nuclear
moved back to the forefront, when work began on the first of five newly approved reactors at existing power plants.
Planned additions to the nuclear grid could supply an additional 7,700 MW of power in the coming years.
2. France
Nuclear power in France has been called " ahead of the world" by many in the press, who have found its ability to supply
the majority of its electricity through nuclear to be a major success story. Because of nuclear, France is the world's largest
net exporter of electricity, providing Switzerland, Italy, and Belgium with cheaply generated energy. The election of
President Francois Hollande in 2012 signaled a shift in nuclear policy, however, as Hollande won on a platform of reducing
France's reliance on nuclear power from 75% to below 50%. Even so, France remains a leader in nuclear energy technology,
currently building the state-of-the-art Flamanville 3 Reactor and exporting the technology to other countries.
3. Russia
Russia has been in the midst of a huge nuclear expansion over the last 15 years. In 2003, the Russian government set an
energy goal of doubling nuclear power generation by 2020. The long-term strategy sees nuclear supplying 50% of Russia's
energy by 2050. To reach that goal, Russia is attempting to build an additional 28 reactors in the coming decades. In
addition, Russia has been aggressive at exporting its nuclear technology. In 2013, Russia allocated $2.4 billion to nuclear
projects, with an emphasis on plants in foreign countries that Russia could build, own, and operate, like Turkey's Akkuyu
Nuclear Power Plant.
FEU Alabang, Inc.
Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
4. South Korea
Mixed signals have been coming out of South Korea this year in regards to nuclear energy. The country announced plans
last month to build two new reactors for $7 billion, just two weeks after it said that it would cut its reliance on nuclear to
29% by 2035. The country remains a rising nuclear power, thanks to the development of advanced reactors, which it hopes
to export to countries in the Middle East, as well as India and China. South Korea currently has 5 reactors set to come
online by 2021.
5. Germany
Germany, despite its success with nuclear power, is currently undergoing a total phaseout of nuclear power. The anti-nuclear
movement in Germany has had a long history, after radioactive contamination from Chernobyl reached the country enraged
the public. The Fukushima disaster in 2011 only furthered distaste for the technology. In response, Chancellor Angela
Merkel permanently shut down 8 of Germany's 17 reactors and announced that the remaining power plants would be shut
down by 2022.
6. China
For a country that relies heavily on coal power and suffers terrible air quality, nuclear power is a highly attractive energy
solution. For that reason, China is set to expand its reliance on nuclear by completing construction on 13 new reactors by
2018. China plans to increase the percentage of electricity produced by nuclear from 2% to 6% by 2020. Though China has
taken technology from nuclear industry leaders like France and Russia, it is now mostly self-sufficient in reactor design and
has begun exporting its own technology to other countries.
7. Canada
Nearly all of Canada's nuclear power is produced in Ontario, due to a large anti-nuclear movement in the country. British
Columbia, for example, has a strict no-nuclear policy. Despite this, Canada is a leader in nuclear technology, developing the
Advanced Candu Reactor, a light-water-cooled reactor that uses natural non-enriched Uranium. While no new reactors are
currently under construction, Canada does have plans to build two new reactors that could add 2200 megawatts of
electricity to the grid.
8. Ukraine
Despite 1986's nuclear disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine continues to be a leader in nuclear power, with slightly under half
of its electricity being produced by nuclear. Ukraine currently has plans to build 11 new reactors by 2030, which will
almost double the current amount of nuclear power capacity. Nuclear fuel, which Ukraine is heavily dependent on, is
imported from Russia primarily.
9. United Kingdom
Nuclear power generation in the United Kingdom has gradually declined over the last fifteen years, since hitting a high of 25%
of electricity produced. This has been due to the closing of old power plants that had aging and maintenance issues.
FEU Alabang, Inc.
Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
That could change in the coming years, as the British government has offered subsidies to attract companies looking build a
new generation of reactors. Currently, 11 reactors are in the planning phase and should be online by 2025 to meet the
government's goal of adding 16 gigawatts of production.
10. Sweden
Since 1980, Sweden has undergone a long, gradual, phase-out of nuclear power. Despite this, nuclear still accounts for 38%
of the power generated in the country. In 2010, the government of Sweden, after 30 years, reversed course and ended the
nuclear phase-out policy. Sweden is now upgrading and modernizing older plants at Forsmark and Ringshals and is looking
into building new plants to maintain production.
V. What can you say about the economy of these countries? (5 points)
The nuclear energy industry can play an important role in job creation and economic growth, providing both near term
and lasting employment and economic benefits. The average nuclear plant pays about $16 million in state and local taxes
annually. These tax dollars benefit schools, roads and other state and local infrastructure. The average nuclear plant also
pays federal taxes of $67 million annually. It means that with those taxes payed by the power plants benefits the people in
those countries, which are good for the economy.
VI. What are the possible dangers of utilizing nuclear energy? (5 points)
What can happen in a nuclear reactor is something called a meltdown. A meltdown is an accident in which severe
overheating of the nuclear reactor results in the melting of the reactor's core. A meltdown could occur if there was a defect
in the cooling system of the reactor that allowed one or more of the nuclear fuel elements to exceed its melting point. If a
meltdown occurred, a nuclear power plant could release radiation into the environment.
In addition to personal health concerns, there are also environmental health concerns associated with nuclear power
generation. Nuclear power plants use water from local lakes and rivers for cooling. Local water sources are used to
dissipate this heat, and the excess water used to cool the reactor is often released back into the waterway at very hot
temperatures. This water can also be polluted with salts and heavy metals, and these high temperatures, along with water
pollutants, can disrupt the life of fish and plants within the waterway.
VII. In your opinion, what is the downside of having a country that produces petroleum products? (5 points)
In developing countries, access to affordable energy can empower citizens and lead to higher quality of life. Petroleum
provides transportation fuel, is a part of many chemicals and medicines, and is used to make crucial items such as heart
valves, contact lenses, and bandages. Oil reserves attract outside investment and are important for improving countries’
overall economy.
However, a developing country’s access to oil can also affect the power relationship between a government and its people.
Nations go to war over petroleum resources. Terrorists attempt to sabotage petroleum networks. Dictators can take control
over a nation’s resources, amass billions or trillions in funds, and then use that value to violently suppress people.
VIII. In your opinion, what could be the impact of utilizing nuclear energy in our country? (5 points)
Nuclear energy is one of the most divisive issues regarding the link between energy security and sustainable development.
Advocates call for nuclear power to have an increased share in the global energy mix. It produces less greenhouse gas
emissions than fossil fuels (i.e. coal, oil), making it a potential mitigation option to fight climate change. The Philippines
lacks a legal framework for using nuclear power. Senator Sherwin Gatchalian, head of the Energy Committee, remarks that
FEU Alabang, Inc.
Physical Science
st
1 Semester A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Assignment #___
"should the Philippines decide to pursue adding nuclear power to the energy mix, a comprehensive legal framework on
the use of nuclear power would first need to be crafted to tackle these issues".
Also, at a time of urgent and immediate action against climate change, it is imperative to promote low-carbon alternatives to
strengthen the Philippines' long-term energy security. Rapidly decreasing the country's dependence on fossil fuels will
firmly place it on a path towards resilient sustainable development.

ASSIGNMENT 5 Physical Science 50 Points

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ASSIGNMENT 5 Physical Science 50 Points

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

FEU Alabang, Inc.

Senior High School Program

Production: 17,886,000 bpd

Production: 12,419,000 bpd

Production: 11,401,000 bpd

Production: 5,295,000 bpd

Production: 4,816,000 bpd

Submitted to: Mr. Jhomhel Jhon A. Libutan Date Received: ____________________

Production: 4,616,000 bpd

Production: 4,471,000 bpd

8. United Arab Emirates

Production: 3,791,000 bpd

Production: 3,428,000 bpd

Production: 2,870,000 bpd

Anda mungkin juga menyukai