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CANCER
CANCER
ALFONSO | ALMONTE | ATABAY | BALDUEZA | BAÑARIA
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Definition
Definition
Growth and spreading of cells in an uncontrollable manner.

Five main types:

Carcinoma Lymphoma and Myeloma

Sarcoma Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer

Leukemia
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carcinoma Bone sarcoma Soft tissue sarcoma

leukemia Lymphoma myeloma Brain & spinal cord

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Causation/Development
Causation/Development
- Cancer is caused by genetic mutations.
- Error in the instructions can disrupt the normal cell function
- Cancer is a product of different risk factors

Age Health Conditions

Lifestyle Environmental Factors

Family history/Genetics
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In
In relation
relation to
to previous
previous topics
topics
- Cancer cells are altered cells
- Cell proliferation
- Cancer cells invades inside the tissue

Two types of Tumor: Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer

Benign Malignant
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Benign Malignant

Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer

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effects
effects of
of the
the interventions
interventions
Four Principal Approaches to Cancer control:

- Preventions

- Early Detection

- Diagnosis and Treatment

- Palliative Care
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effects
effects of
of the
the interventions
interventions
Kinds of Cancer Treatment:
Surgery
- Open or Minimally Invasive
- Used to:
- Remove the entire tumor Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer
- Debulk a tumor (cytoreduction)
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Radiation Therapy
- Uses radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
- Damages the DNA of cancer cells which stops their growth

Internal Radiotherapy External Radiotherapy

Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer

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Chemotherapy
- Uses drugs to kill the cancer cells
- Systemic Treatment
- Targets cells that are about to undergo cell division

Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer

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Signs
Signs and
and symptoms
symptoms
- no specific symptoms or signs

- some symptoms of cancer can be harmless or less serious

- possible warnings that people should not ignore

- The earlier the diagnosis, the higher the possibility of curing the cancer
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Signs
Signs and
and symptoms
symptoms
- Persistent cough or blood-tinged saliva

- Change in bowel habits

- Unexplained anemia

- Breast lump or breast discharge

- Hematuria

- Visible change in wart or mole

- Unexpected weight loss, night sweats, or fever

- Back and pelvic pain, bloating, or indigestion

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References:
References:
American Cancer Society. (2015). What Is Cancer? Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/what-is-cancer.html.

Balentine, J. R. (n.d.). 18 Common Cancer Symptoms and Signs in Men and Women. Retrieved from https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cancer_symptoms/article_em.htm#what_should_i_know_about_cancer

Brown ML, Goldie SJ, Draisma G, et al. Health Service Interventions for Cancer Control in Developing Countries. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., (n.d.). Disease Control Priorities in Developing
Countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2006. Chapter 29. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11756/ Co-
published by Oxford University Press, New York.

Cancer Research UK. (2017). What is cancer? Retrieved from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/what-is-cancer/how-cancer-starts/types-of-cancer.

Causes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/cancer/cancer-causes.html

Creagan, E. T., & Giridhar, K. (2018, December 12). Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20370588

Davis, C. P. (n.d.). Cancer Causes, Types, Treatment, Symptoms & Signs. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/cancer/article.htm

Elysium Health. (n.d.). What Happens to Your Cells As You Age and What You Can Do About It. Retrieved from https://www.elysiumhealth.com/en-us/knowledge/science-101/cellular-health-aging

Lungevity.(n.d.) How chemotherapy works [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://lungevity.org/for-patients-caregivers/lung-cancer-101/treatment-options/chemotherapy#2

Maiden, E. (2017). Retrieved from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2017/10/24/internal-radiotherapy-tackling-cancer-from-within/

Mayo Clinic. (2018). Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20370588.

Nall, R. (2018). What to know about cancer? Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323648.php.

(n.d.) External Beam Radiation [Photography]. Retrieved from https://www.mesotheliomaguide.com/treatment/radiation/types/

2002. National Cancer Control Programmes, Policies, and Managerial Guidelines, 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO.

Scitable by Nature Education (2014). Essentials of Cell Biology (Ch.5) Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-division-and-cancer-14046590/

Shiel Jr., W. (2018). Medical Definition Of Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2580.

Types of Cancer Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types

Williams, G. H., & Stoeber, K. (n.d.). The cell cycle and cancer. Wiley Online Library. doi: 10.1002/path.3022

Walsh, M. (2017). Using Radioactive Liquid Therapy to treat thyroid cancer [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2017/10/24/internal-radiotherapy-tackling-cancer-from-
within/171024-radioactive-liquid-and-thyroid-cancer_blog/