UNIT 1.

THE ORGANISATION OF LIVING THINGS

5 primary / Natural Science

Pedro Antonio López Hernández
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

Nutrition Interaction Reproduction

The role of nutrition is to transform food Reproduction enables living things

into nutrients and get energy from them. It is the ability to sense changes in the to produce offspring similar to
environment and inside the body. themselves.

Plants Animals Plants Animals Plants Animals

This plant Baby animals

Oak leaves capture reproduces are new
Animals eat other Palm trees grow The cat is through its flower organisms
sunlight to make
living things. towards the sunlight frightened when it that resemble
their own food.
perceives a threat their parents
and cower.
 THE SIZE OF LIVING THINGS

Microscopic
Macroscopic
things or
things
microorganisms

They are living things that we They are living things that are so small that we can´t
can see with the naked eye observe them even with a magnifying glass.

To look at these living things we need an instrument

called a microscope.
 THE CELL

It is the smallest unit of life. It is a living thing because it performs the three vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.

3. The cell membrane is

1. Cytoplasm is inside the
the outer shell of the cell
cell. It is a viscous liquid
Animal cell where the organelles float in.
and takes part in the
interaction function.

4. The organelles perform

various cell functions, such as
2. The nucleus contains the
manufacturing chemicals
material necessary to reproduce
and obtaining energy.
the cell and to assign the activities
Plant cell of the cell
2. The cell wall is a rigid
structure that surrounds the
cell membrane and protects
the cell.

3. Chloroplasts are
1. In both animals and plant cells, green organelles that
the nucleus is separated from the capture light and
cytoplasm by a membrane. produce nutrients.
 UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

Living things that are composed of a single cell. Their single cell
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS performs all the functions needed to live.

4. System. Several organs that

perform a function together
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS 1. Cells. The first level of
form a system, such as the
organisation are the cells.
digestive system.

2. Tissue. A set of one type of

cells which perform the same
function group together to Digestive
form tissue, system
Living things that are composed of two or more
cells. In these groups, cells are grouped to form
different levels of organisation. Muscle cell
Stomach
The end result is an organism.
Muscle
tissue

3. Organs. The grouping

together of a set of tissues
which perform the same
function is called an organ.
 TYPES OF CELLS

Cells from different parts of our bodies look different. They have different shapes according to their different functions.

Muscle Epithelial
Nerve cells
cells cells

They are star-shaped with

They are elongated. These These flat cells line certain long extensions or arm.
cells and the tissues that they areas of the body such as the
form, expand and contract. skin. These cells establish
connections and then transmit
This allows muscles to move. They insulate the body and information to all parts of the
protect it. body.
 HOW THE BODY WORKS

Human beings are multicellular living things. To perform our vital functions our organ systems need to work together.

Human beings and nutrition To perform the function of nutrition various systems work together.

This system
This system carries
This system blood with
takes the
converts oxygen and This system
oxygen
food into nutrients all cleans the
we need
simpler over the blood of
from the
substance body and waste
air and
s that our collects products.
expels
body can waste
carbon
use. substances
dioxide.
and carbon
dioxide.
 Human beings and health Human beings and reproduction

The organ systems in our body sometimes get ill. It is important to

follow a healthy lifestyle to protect our bodies from illness:
Human are viviparous, which means that we are born from our
mother´s womb.
2. Do enough
physical
1. Eat a exercise.
balanced diet.

3. Have good
hygiene habits

4. Have a good 5. Spend time

posture. with family and
friends.
 Human beings and interaction

Interaction enables us to collect information form our surroundings and respond to it. The following organs and systems
are involved in interaction.

1. Sense organs such as

the eyes, ears and skin,
capture information
from our surroundings.

2. The nervous system

gathers the information
from the sense organs 3. The musculoskeletal system receives an
and prepares an order from the nervous system and
appropriate order . responds with movement.