● LAWS THAT FAVOR LAND GRABBING ●

▪ ACT NO. 2874, CHAPTER 1, SECTION 4 = Subject to said control, the Director of Lands
shall have direct executive control of the survey, classification lease, sale, or any other form of
concession or disposition and management of the lands of the public domain, and his decisions
as to questions of fact shall be conclusive when approved by the Secretary of Agriculture and
Natural Resources.

▪ ACT NO. 2874, CHAPTER 1, SECTION 5 = The Director of Lands, with the approval of the
Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, shall prepare and issue forms, instructions,
rules and regulations consistent with this Act, as may be necessary and proper to carry into
effect the provisions thereof and for the conduct of proceedings arising under such provisions.

▪ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160 / LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 = Provides the
rules for reclassification for agricultural lands at the local level in terms of authority, grounds of
reclassification and limitations.

▪ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8435 / AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT

OF 1997, SEC. 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY = Sustainable Development - The State shall
promote development that is compatible with the preservation of the ecosystem in areas
where agriculture and fisheries activities are carried out. The State should exert care and
judicious use of the country's natural resources in order to attain long-term sustainability;

▪ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 705 / REVISED FORESTRY CODE = WHEREAS, proper

classification, management and utilization of the lands of the public domain to maximize their
productivity to meet the demands of our increasing population is urgently needed; WHEREAS,
to achieve the above purpose, it is necessary to reassess the multiple uses of forest lands and
resources before allowing any utilization thereof to optimize the benefits that can be derived
therefrom; WHEREAS, it is also imperative to place emphasis not only on the utilization thereof
but more so on the protection, rehabilitation and development of forest lands, in order to
ensure the continuity of their productive condition; WHEREAS, the present laws and regulations
governing forest lands are not responsive enough to support re-oriented government
programs, projects and efforts on the proper classification and delimitation of the lands of the
public domain, and the management, utilization, protection, rehabilitation, and development of
forest lands;
 ● LAWS THAT ROTC VIOLATED ●
▪ CONVENTION AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION 1960, ARTICLE 1,
SECTION A & B = Purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing equality of treatment in
education and in particular:
(a) Of depriving any person or group of persons of access to education of any type or at any
level;
(b) Of limiting any person or group of persons to education of an inferior standard;

▪ OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON

THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT:

- ARTICLE 1 = Shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces
who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities.

- Article 2 = Persons who have not attained the age of 18 years are not compulsorily recruited
into their armed forces.

- Article 3; Section 1, 2, and 3 = Persons under the age of 18 years are entitled to special
protection. Such recruitment is not forced or coerced. Such recruitment is genuinely voluntary.

- Article 6; Section 1 and 3 = Shall take all necessary legal, administrative and other
measures to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the provisions of the
present Protocol within its jurisdiction. Shall take all feasible measures to ensure that persons
within their jurisdiction recruited or used in hostilities contrary to the present Protocol are
demobilized or otherwise released from service. States Parties shall, when necessary, accord to
such persons all appropriate assistance for their physical and psychological recovery and their
social reintegration.